太阳伤寒。必头痛项强。太阳中风。兼湿成痉。亦项强。
金鉴云。项强。太阳病。项背强。太阳阳明病也。脉浮无汗。从伤寒传来。宜葛根汤。有
汗。从中风传来。宜桂枝加葛根汤。若脉沉而项背强。邪已入胸。宜栝蒌桂枝汤。
风寒客于太阳而身痛。但拘急耳。中湿。则身痛不能转侧。阴毒身痛。则体势沉重。
宛如被杖。以此别之。太阳身痛。解表自除。风湿身痛。宜桂枝加附子汤。阴症身痛。四逆、真
武辈温之。（参准绳）金鉴云。身痛未汗属表实。宜麻黄汤。汗后身痛属表虚。宜桂枝新加汤。若身
痛尺脉迟。是血少营气不足。虽未经汗。不可发汗。宜建中汤。加归 。以补营血也。风湿身痛。
令人一身尽痛。不能转侧。筋脉牵引。烦疼不宁。宜桂枝附子汤。少阴身痛。则脉沉。四肢逆冷。
宜附子汤。厥阴身痛。厥逆汗出不止。下利清谷。宜四逆汤。
邵评∶身痛有表实、表虚、营虚、血少、风湿各因。若少阴厥阴二经中寒。亦有身痛。临症均须细辨。
北方地浓天寒。人之禀气亦浓。风寒所感。只在本经留连。故多太阳正病。若大江以南。地势卑。
天气暖。人禀薄。一感外邪。即从太阳而入阳明少阳。或从太阳而入
太阴少阴。总属太阳兼症。不得以太阳正病治之。
太阳阳明。太阳少阳。太阳兼肺。太阳太阴。太阳少阴。
Taiyang cold damage (Taiyang Cold Damage) inevitably presents with headache and stiffness of the neck. Taiyang wind strike (Taiyang Wind Strike), when complicated by dampness leading to spasm, also presents with stiffness of the neck.
*Yizong Jinjian* states: Stiffness of the neck belongs to Taiyang disease; stiffness of the neck and back belongs to Taiyang-Yangming combined disease. If the pulse is floating without sweat, it is transmitted from cold damage, and Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction) is indicated. If there is sweat, it is transmitted from wind strike, and Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig plus Kudzu Root Decoction) is indicated. If the pulse is deep with stiffness of the neck and back, the pathogen has entered the chest, and Gualou Guizhi Tang (Trichosanthes Root and Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is indicated.
Wind-cold invading the Taiyang meridian causes body pain, merely characterized by stiffness and tension. If dampness is contracted, body pain occurs with inability to turn or shift the body. Yin poison (Yin Du) body pain presents with a heavy bodily posture, as if beaten by a club. These features are used to differentiate them. Body pain due to Taiyang is resolved naturally through releasing the exterior. Body pain due to wind-dampness is treated with Guizhi Jia Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig plus Aconite Root Decoction). Body pain due to Yin syndrome (Shaoyin Cold Transformation Syndrome) is warmed with Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) and Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction). (*Refer to Yixue Zhunsheng*) *Yizong Jinjian* states: Body pain without sweating belongs to excess in the exterior, and Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is indicated. Body pain after sweating belongs to deficiency in the exterior, and Guizhi Xinjia Tang (Cinnamon Twig New Additions Decoction) is indicated. If body pain is accompanied by a slow pulse at the cun position, this indicates blood deficiency and insufficient Ying-nutrient Qi. Even if sweating has not occurred, diaphoresis should not be induced; instead, Jianzhong Tang (Middle-Building Decoction) with Danggui (Angelica Sinensis) added is indicated to tonify Ying-blood. Body pain due to wind-dampness causes pain throughout the entire body, inability to turn or shift, pulling sensations in the sinews and vessels, irritability, restlessness, and severe pain, for which Guizhi Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Root Decoction) is indicated. Body pain due to Shaoyin disease presents with a deep pulse and cold extremities, indicating Fuzi Tang (Aconite Root Decoction). Body pain due to Jueyin disease presents with cold extremities, continuous sweating, and diarrhea with undigested food, indicating Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction).
Shao’s Commentary: Body pain arises from various causes including exterior excess, exterior deficiency, Ying-nutrient deficiency, blood deficiency, and wind-dampness. When Cold invades the Shaoyin and Jueyin meridians, body pain may also occur; careful differentiation is required during clinical practice.
In the North, the earth is thick and the weather cold, so people’s innate constitution is robust. Contracting wind-cold usually remains within its own meridian, thus presenting mostly as primary Taiyang disease. In contrast, south of the Great River, the terrain is low and the weather warm, and people’s constitutions are thin. Upon contracting external pathogens, the disease quickly transmits from Taiyang to Yangming and Shaoyang, or from Taiyang to Taiyin and Shaoyin. These all belong to Taiyang combined syndromes and cannot be treated as primary Taiyang disease.
Taiyang-Yangming combined disease, Taiyang-Shaoyang combined disease, Taiyang complicated with Lung disease, Taiyang-Taiyin combined disease, Taiyang-Shaoyin combined disease.