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Shanghan (Cold Damage) and Wenbing (Warm Diseases) often occur in spring. In summer, Shanghan and Rebing (Heat Diseases) are prevalent. Qianghuo Chonghe Tang (Notopterygium Harmonizing Decoction) can treat them, and Fangfeng Tongsheng San (Saposhnikovia Universal Rescue Powder) can pacify the condition.

When Shanghan manifests immediately after exposure, it is called Shanghan; when it does not manifest immediately, it is called Wenbing or Shubing (Summerheat Disease). Cold pathogenic factors contracted in winter transform into Wenbing in spring and into Rebing in summer. The origin of these diseases is not different, hence they are collectively referred to as Shanghan. However, their categories differ, and treatments must not be confused. Some people today doubt the use of Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) and Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). They do not realize that during the cold winter, when cold pathogens are on the exterior, the couli (skin pores) need to be opened; only acrid-warm herbs can disperse them. This is why Mahuang Tang and Guizhi Tang are essential. Wenbing and Rebing occur during warm and hot weather, with stagnant heat reaching from the interior to the exterior, without cold on the exterior. Therefore, only acrid-cool, bitter-cold, or sour herbs can resolve the condition. This explains why Mahuang Tang and Guizhi Tang cannot be used, while later prescriptions like Jiuwei Qianghuo Tang (Nine-Ingredient Notopterygium Decoction) and Fangfeng Tongsheng San, which treat both interior and exterior, are applicable.

Jiuwei Qianghuo Tang contains Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). The decoction method requires adding Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus), and Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus). Fangfeng Tongsheng San contains Jiangjun (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, i.e., Dahuang), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong, Gancao, Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Qiaomiao (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), Huangqin, Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Huashi (Talcum), and Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum).

Yangdu (Yang Toxin) patients speak deliriously, have a red face, develop macules on the body, feel irritable, and present with a wiry, surging, rapid pulse. Huanglian Chengqi Tang (Coptis Bowel-Unblocking Decoction) is specifically effective, and Xijiao Shengma Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Ligusticum Decoction) can attack the pathogen.

Yangdu refers to severe pathogenic factors resulting from failure to sweat, failure to purge, or mistaken administration of hot-natured drugs. The pulse is wiry, surging, hurried, and rapid. Symptoms include redness of the face and eyes, skin macules resembling brocade patterns, epigastric fullness and oppression, irritability, sore throat, and in severe cases, delirious speech, running about, climbing walls, and roofs. Treatment should be tailored based on symptoms using Shengma Gegen Tang (Kudzu and Ligusticum Decoction), Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction), Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction), or Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Detoxification Decoction). If treated within five days, it is curable; if more than six or seven days pass, it becomes incurable.

Yindu (Yin Toxin) patients have blue lips, frequent cold limbs, abdominal pain, dryness in the yin region, and a deep, rapid pulse. SiNi Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) for restoring yang is specifically effective, and Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) for harmonizing yin can also pacify the condition.

Yindu refers to a constitutional deficiency and cold of the Kidney, resulting from consuming cold foods, contracting cold pathogens, or improper sweating and purging. The pulse is deep, fine, and rapid. Symptoms include cyanosis of the nails and lips, cold extremities, a sensation as if beaten by a club, colicky abdominal pain, and in severe cases, restlessness due to extreme yin, and mental confusion. Treatment should be tailored using SiNi Tang and Zhenwu Tang. If treated within five days, it is curable; if more than six or seven days pass, it becomes incurable.