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This indicates injury to the Stomach Qi. Pathogenic factors enter due to deficiency. Therefore, the method of Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach Purging Decoction) is used. If the condition has not reached the extreme of vomiting or purging, but there is a desire to vomit without actually vomiting, pain in the chest, and slightly loose stools, this pain is not caused by injury from vomiting, and the looseness is not caused by purging. The method of regulating the Stomach should not be used. Not only is Tiaowei Chengqi Tang contraindicated, but also Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) should not be used. This is because the pathogen remains at the high position of the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel. Treating only the Yangming (Yang Brightness) and Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) channels will not subdue the pathogen. Zhang Zhongjing has already explained in detail how to resolve the pathogen of the Taiyang channel; thus, here he only hints at the principle. If the person desires to vomit, it is due to injury from previous vomiting or purging, and the disease is no longer in the Taiyang channel.

After thirteen days of Shanghan (Cold Damage) without resolution, if the disease has passed through its stages and delirium occurs, heat has already formed, and decoction purgatives should be administered. If urination is free, the stool should be hard; however, if diarrhea occurs instead and the pulse is harmonious, it is known that the physician used pill-form purgatives, which was an incorrect treatment. If the patient had spontaneous diarrhea, the pulse should be faint or the extremities cold. Since the pulse is now harmonious, this indicates internal excess, and Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach Purging Decoction) is indicated.

This clause originally had no exterior syndrome. Although mistakenly purged with pills, the pulse remains harmonious, indicating internal excess. According to Zhang Zhongjing's methods of purging, he repeatedly warned against using pills. The only exception is the Maren Wan (Hemp Seed Pill) for treating Pi Yue (Spleen Restraint), where the patient has chronic dryness of fluids and intestinal constipation. Thus, even when the pathogen is in the Taiyang channel, a mild purgative pill is used to moisten the intestines, preventing external pathogens from sinking inward due to harsh purgation. If one waits until Yangming Fu-organ excess forms before purging, it may be too late to save the depleted fluids.

In Yangming disease, after purging, if there is residual heat on the exterior, warm hands and feet, no Jie Xiong (Chest Binding), mental restlessness and oppression (Ao Nu), hunger but inability to eat, and only sweating on the head, Zhi Zi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction) is indicated.

This is a syndrome of damp-heat attacking upward. After purging, if there is still heat on the exterior and warm hands/feet without Chest Binding, the external pathogen was originally not severe. If the patient sweats only on the head, it is also due to constrained heat in the chest attacking upward. One should follow the principle of "treating those high by dispersing them upwards," using Zhi Zi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction) to clear the heat. This allows Yang to communicate downward with Yin, resulting in a slight general sweating and resolution of the disease.

The Fuyang pulse is floating and choppy. Floating indicates strong Stomach Qi; choppy indicates frequent urination. The interaction of floating and choppy pulses leads to difficult defecation. This is Pi Yue (Spleen Restraint), treated with Maren Wan (Hemp Seed Pill).

Cheng Wuji's annotation states that the Stomach is strong and the Spleen is weak, and the Spleen cannot transport fluids for the Stomach. This is a major error. If the Spleen were truly weak, tonification would be required. Why does Maren Wan (Hemp Seed Pill) contain Da Huang (Rhubarb), Hou Po (Magnolia Bark), and Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange)? Zhang Zhongjing mentions "Stomach strength" but never "Spleen weakness." Moreover, this "Stomach strength" arises precisely because of Spleen overactivity. "Yue" (Restraint) means to restrict or condense. The Spleen Qi is overly strong, condensing food received by the Stomach over three to five days into small pellets for excretion. This is entirely due to excessive dryness of the Spleen Earth, causing Stomach fluids to dry up day by day, leading to difficult defecation. If the Spleen were weak, diarrhea would occur; how could it be difficult? Traditionally, it is said that Pi Yue (Spleen Restraint) fails to constrain water in the Spleen, yet how can it constrain fluids in the Stomach? In Yangming Stomach disorders, whenever purging is suitable, one fears that the pathogen has not entered the Stomach, the stool is not hard, or it is hard initially but loose later, so reckless purging is avoided. If purging is desired, first give Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) as a test; if gas passes, then purging is allowed. These hesitations stem from concerns about Spleen weakness. As for Pi Yue (Spleen Restraint), it should have been purged during the Taiyang stage; why wait for Yangming?

The pulse is floating and hollow (Kou). Sweating belongs to Yang; the hollow pulse belongs to Yin. The interaction of floating and hollow pulses causes the Stomach Qi to generate heat, leading to the isolation of Yang.

This refers to the situation where Pi Yue (Spleen Restraint) requires purging but does not receive it. The pulse changes from floating-choppy to floating-hollow, fluids are exhausted, and purging becomes difficult. "Its Yang is isolated" means Yang is isolated within, synonymous with the loss of body fluids. Zhao Yi-de stated: Stomach Yang-heat is hyperactive, while the Spleen lacks Yin Qi to harmonize it. Solitary Yang without a partner will not cease until it burns out and exhausts itself.

Above are the Fu-organ syndromes of Taiyang-Yangming.

In Yangming disease, with tidal fever and slightly hard stool, Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) may be given. If the stool is not hard, do not give it. If there has been no bowel movement for six or seven days and one suspects dry feces, the method to verify this is to give a small amount of Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction). If gas passes in the abdomen after administration, this indicates dry feces, and purging may proceed. If gas does not pass, the stool is likely hard at the beginning but loose later; do not purge. Purging will cause abdominal fullness and inability to eat. If the patient desires water and vomiting occurs upon giving water, and fever returns later, the stool is likely not hard; use Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) to harmonize. If gas does not pass, absolutely do not purge.

If abdominal Qi does not move after administering purgatives, it indicates deficiency-cold. Thus, mistaken purging leads to symptoms of abdominal fullness, inability to eat, and hiccups. If fever recurs after purging, the stool may become hard, but since it hasn't been long, the amount will be small. Continue using Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) to harmonize. If abdominal Qi still does not move, then neither Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) nor Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) is appropriate.

In Yangming disease, with a slow pulse, sweating without aversion to cold, heavy body, shortness of breath, abdominal fullness, and wheezing, accompanied by tidal fever, the exterior syndrome is resolving, and the interior may be purged. If there is continuous sweating on the hands and feet, the stool has hardened, and Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated. If there is profuse sweating, slight fever, and aversion to cold, the exterior is not resolved; do not give Chengqi formulas. If there is significant abdominal fullness and obstruction, Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) may be given to mildly harmonize Stomach Qi, avoiding drastic purging.

Why does Zhang Zhongjing state that a slow pulse generally precludes purging, yet in this clause, despite a slow pulse, purging is permitted? The statement "slow pulse, not yet ready to purge" applies when internal heat is not severe and dryness/accumulation is not definite. Purging prematurely causes abdominal fullness, anorexia, and complications like Jie Xiong (Chest Binding) or Pi Man (Pi Fullness). One must wait for the pulse to become solid and the accumulation to settle before purging. In this clause, although the pulse is slow, palpation reveals solidity, and all symptoms clearly indicate Stomach excess; thus, purging is undoubtedly indicated. If one assumes that a slow pulse justifies all purging indications, even the most urgent cases of Da Xianxiong Tang (Major Draining the Chest Decoction) would be neglected, leading to death.

In Yangming disease, with delirium and tidal fever, and a slippery and rapid pulse, Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated. Administer one sheng of the decoction. If gas passes in the abdomen, administer another sheng. If gas does not pass, do not administer more. If the next day there is no bowel movement and the pulse becomes faint and choppy, this indicates interior deficiency, making it difficult to treat; do not administer Chengqi formulas again.

Although the previous clause had a slow pulse, abdominal fullness and shortness of breath necessitated immediate purging. In this clause, the pulse is slippery and rapid. Despite delirium and tidal fever, there are no wheezing or fullness signs of excess; thus, only Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) is suitable for mild purging. If purging results in a faint and choppy pulse and a shift to deficiency-cold, it becomes difficult to treat.

Two to three days after contracting the disease, with a weak pulse, no Taiyang or Shaoyang symptoms, irritability, and hardness below the heart: by the fourth to fifth day, even if the patient can eat, give a small amount of Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) to mildly harmonize and bring slight relief. By the sixth day, administer one sheng of Chengqi Tang. If there has been no bowel movement for six or seven days and urination is scanty, even if the patient cannot eat, the stool is likely hard initially but loose later, not yet definitively hard. Purging will cause loose stools. Wait until urination is free and the stool is definitely hard before purging, using Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction).

Without Taiyang or Shaoyang symptoms, irritability and hardness below the heart belong to Zheng Yang Yangming (True Yang Yangming), clearly indicating the need for purging. However, due to the weak pulse, even if the patient can eat, only mild harmonization with Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) is appropriate. After harmonization, slight relief should be felt. Wait another day to increase the dose slightly. This hesitation is due to the weak pulse. By the sixth or seventh day, the lack of bowel movement suggests Stomach excess, but scanty urination raises concern for weak Stomach Qi, where bladder Qi transformation shifts fluids to the Large Intestine, causing initial hardness and subsequent looseness. Therefore, only when urination is free and the stool is definitely hard can purging proceed. The discussion on eating ability here is unrelated to distinguishing wind-cold. "Can eat" does not justify light purging due to strong Stomach Qi; "cannot eat" does not justify light purging due to suspected dry feces.

After Shanghan (Cold Damage) treated with vomiting or purging, if the disease persists, with no bowel movement for five to ten days, tidal fever at dusk, no aversion to cold, talking alone as if seeing ghosts: if severe, the patient may lose recognition of others, grasp at clothes and beds, feel terrified and uneasy, have slight wheezing and fixed gaze. A wiry pulse indicates survival; a choppy pulse indicates death. For milder cases with only fever and delirium, Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated. If one dose results in bowel movement, stop taking the remaining doses.

Note: In Shaoyang-Yangming delirium, a short pulse indicates death. The Yangming pulse is naturally long; if it becomes short, it indicates Yin and Yang are unattached, hence death. Here, a wiry pulse indicates survival because it is the Shaoyang pulse. Although Wood overacts on Earth, Earth Qi is not yet exhausted and can still nourish Wood, allowing survival. A choppy pulse indicates exhaustion of fluids and blood, hence death. ○ Additionally, if Earth declines and sinks, Wood pathogen is hard to bear; thus, wiry indicates survival due to solid Earth.

Sweating with delirium indicates dry feces in the Stomach, caused by Wind. Purging is necessary. It should be done after the pathogen has passed through its stages. Purging too early will cause chaotic speech due to exterior deficiency and interior excess. After purging, the disease resolves; Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated.

This clause appears simple but is profound. Zhang Zhongjing anticipated misunderstanding and provided annotations. The Stomach has dry feces requiring purging, but delirium with sweating indicates Wind pathogen in the chest. One must wait for the pathogen to pass stages before purging to avoid aggravating disturbance. Wind moves rapidly; premature purging draws the pathogen into empty orifices and disturbs the Spirit. However, since dry feces exist, purging is not a major error; the minor error lies in failing to recognize the accompanying Wind. In such cases, a major purge is needed to empty the Large Intestine and allow the Wind pathogen to exit together, leading to recovery. This is the method of "treating obstruction with draining" and "correcting mistakes by compounding errors."

In Yangming delirium with tidal fever, if the patient cannot eat, there are likely five or six pieces of dry feces in the Stomach; Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated. If the patient can eat, the stool is merely hard.

Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated. (Old editions placed this sentence after "merely hard"; this is corrected.) ○ This distinguishes the severity of dryness based on eating ability. Zhang Zhongjing states that tidal fever and delirium are caused by excessive heat in the Stomach. Heat normally aids digestion; inability to eat indicates heat has damaged Stomach fluids, Qi transformation cannot descend, and dry feces are attacking the Stomach inversely. Thus, Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is needed to urgently dispel hyperactive Yang and rescue dying Yin. If the patient can eat, Stomach Qi transformation functions normally, heat is not severe, fluids are not greatly damaged, and the stool, though hard, will pass soon without medication. Using Chengqi formulas merely because the patient can eat and has hard stool contradicts Zhang Zhongjing's principle of protecting fluids.

In Yangming disease, with fever and profuse sweating, urgent purging is required; Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated.

Profuse sweating causes fluid leakage outward. Combined with fever, fluids evaporate outward with the heat. No other method can stop the sweating; urgent purging is the only way to draw heat out through the Large Intestine, preventing further fluid loss.

In Yangming disease, after purging, if there is mental restlessness and oppression, and dry feces are present in the Stomach, purging is allowed. If the abdomen is slightly full, with stool hard initially but loose later, purging is forbidden. If dry feces are present, Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated.

Use Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) to test if purging is appropriate, then use Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) to purge. If after purging, mental restlessness and oppression persist, the disease is in the Qi level and unresolved. Observe the amount and nature (hard or loose) of the stool discharged to determine if further purging is needed. If the discharged stool is hard initially but loose later, and the abdomen is slightly full, this indicates external pathogen entering the interior due to deficiency; do not purge immediately. Wait for the accumulation to settle before purging. If the previous discharge was not purely dry feces, indicating incomplete purging, administer Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) again to assist the previous medicine and urgently drive out the heat, resolving restlessness and fullness immediately.

If the patient has no bowel movement for five to six days, pain around the umbilicus, and irritability occurring at intervals, this indicates dry feces causing the constipation.

Intervals of occurrence are due to pathogenic heat attacking and dry feces pushing upward. Urgent purging with Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is undoubtedly indicated.

After severe purging, if six or seven days later there is no bowel movement, persistent irritability, and abdominal fullness/pain, this indicates dry feces. This is because there was previously retained food. Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated.

Six or seven days after severe purging, re-constipation with increased irritability, fullness, and pain occurs because the retained food in the Stomach, injured previously, moved to the Large Intestine after purging and re-accumulated. Another purge is required to eliminate heat and dry feces completely.

If the patient has difficulty urinating, alternating difficulty and ease in defecation, occasional slight fever, wheezing, dizziness, and inability to lie down, this indicates dry feces. Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated.

Occasional slight fever, wheezing, dizziness, and inability to lie down indicate interior excess of heat in the Stomach organ. Because the Bladder has accumulated heat, urination is difficult from the onset. Thus, defecation alternates between difficulty and ease. Fluids seeping into the Large Intestine further deplete the Bladder, fixing the heat. Urgent purging is required to rescue Yin.

After sweating, if the disease does not resolve and abdominal fullness/pain occurs, urgent purging is required; Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated.

If sweating fails to resolve the disease and abdominal fullness/pain develops, the pathogen is no longer in the exterior but in the interior. Only urgent purging can relieve fullness and resolve the disease.

If abdominal fullness does not decrease, or decreases insignificantly, purging is required; Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated.

Abdominal fullness that decreases intermittently and returns is deficiency fullness, treated with warming herbs. Here, although slightly decreased, it is essentially always full, hence "decrease is insufficient to mention." Even if reduced by one or two parts out of ten, it does not reduce the pathogenic force. Purging is undoubtedly indicated.

After six or seven days of Shanghan (Cold Damage), if vision is unclear and eye movements are stiff, with no exterior or interior signs, difficult defecation, and slight fever, this is an excess syndrome requiring urgent purging; Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated.

This clause involves subtle differentiation. Difficult defecation implies it is not long-term constipation, so interior urgency is low. Slight fever implies it is not high fever, so exterior urgency is low. Hence, "no exterior or interior signs." This verifies heat in the center. Heat in the center is not inherently urgent. However, unclear vision and stiff eyes are urgent. The Yangming channel deeply connects to the eyes; severe Yangming heat causes Earth pathogen to overwhelm Water. Urgent purging is the only way to rescue Yin.

Above are the Fu-organ syndromes of Zheng Yang Yangming (True Yang Yangming).

In Yangming disease, if the patient originally sweated spontaneously, and the doctor induced heavy sweating, and although the illness has improved, slight irritability and mental cloudiness remain, this indicates the stool must be hard. This is due to loss of fluids and dryness in the Stomach. One should ask about urination frequency. If urination was three or four times a day but is now twice, it is known that the stool will pass soon. Now that urination has decreased, it is known that fluids are returning to the Stomach, so the stool will pass soon.

This is due to fluid loss from excessive sweating. Although there is slight irritability and constipation, there is no distress, unlike fixed heat accumulation. Internally, there is no heat; surplus water and grain continue to vaporize upward with Stomach Qi. Once Ying and Wei harmonize, fluids self-nourish. Since the Large and Small Intestines belong to the Stomach, dryness affects both; moisture benefits both source and flow. Thus, decreased urination indicates fluids returning to the Stomach, and spontaneous defecation is inevitable.

In Taiyang disease, after vomiting, purging, or sweating, if there is slight irritability, frequent urination, and difficult/hard defecation, give Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) to harmonize, and the disease will resolve.

Original Taiyang disease, injured by vomiting/purging damaging Yin, causes slight irritability and frequent urination, leading to hard stool. These are signs of the pathogen gradually moving inward. Giving a small amount of Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) to mildly harmonize Stomach Qi leads to resolution.

After four or five days of Shanghan (Cold Damage), if the pulse is deep with wheezing and fullness, deep indicates interior involvement. If sweating is induced contrary to this, fluids escape, making defecation difficult. Exterior deficiency and interior excess develop, eventually leading to delirium.

Four or five days into Shanghan (Cold Damage) is when heat typically transmits inward. With deep pulse, wheezing, and fullness, interior signs are present. Inducing sweating will cause dryness, accumulation, and delirium. Although delirium from dryness resembles Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) syndrome, here fluid loss from excessive sweating prevents severe fullness and pain. Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) is appropriate.

In Yangming disease, if the patient sweats profusely, fluids exit externally, Stomach becomes dry, and stool hardens. Hardness leads to delirium; Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated. If delirium stops after one dose, do not administer more.

Profuse sweating and delirium indicate an urgent need for purging. Due to fluid loss from sweating, drastic purging is unsuitable. A small amount of Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) should be given to harmonize Stomach Qi and stop delirium. Overuse damages fluids, leading to re-accumulation.

If sweating is excessive or repeated, causing Yang collapse and delirium: a short pulse indicates death; a harmonious pulse indicates survival.

This describes Shanghan (Cold Damage) of the Taiyang channel where sweating failed to resolve the disease, transmitting to Yangming where repeated sweating caused Yang collapse and delirium. Loss of Yang leaves the Soul and Spirit unanchored, causing hallucinations, differing from heat transmitting to the Heart. Since sweat expels pathogens, there is fear of Yang Spirit flying away irretrievably. A short pulse indicates Yin-Yang detachment; a harmonious pulse indicates they remain attached. Survival depends on the pulse. If the pulse is short, what use is medicine?

Excess presents as delirium; deficiency presents as Zheng Sheng (repetitive speech).

Zheng Sheng refers to repetitive speech, where words overlap and cannot transition to new thoughts, due to depletion of True Qi.

Fixed gaze with delirium and wheezing/fullness indicates death; diarrhea also indicates death.

Delirium indicates hyperactive Heart Fire. Fixed gaze indicates dying Kidney Water. Unchecked Heart Fire leads to death. Wheezing/fullness indicates pathogen attacking Yang positions and Qi escaping upward, leading to death. Diarrhea indicates pathogen gathering in Yin positions and Qi escaping downward, also leading to death. However, delirium with interior excess presenting as "water flowing from the side" (paradoxical diarrhea) should not be mistaken for a terminal sign.

After Shanghan (Cold Damage), if the pulse is deep and solid, indicating interior excess, purging is indicated; Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is suitable.

Detailed analysis: "After Shanghan" implies transmission through the Three Yang channels. Since sweating did not excessively damage fluids, the pulse is deep with interior excess signs. However, the pulse must be deep-solid yet wiry-tight, or residual slight heat persists despite major heat subsiding. Thus, Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is used to clear residual pathogens in Shaoyang and Yangming. If the pulse is deep-solid-slippery-rapid with no exterior signs, it belongs to Chengqi syndrome.

If the pulse is double-wiry and slow, there must be hardness below the heart. If the pulse is large and tight, there is Yin within Yang; purging is possible, and Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is suitable.

The previous clause with a deep pulse recommended purging via Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction). This clause states double-wiry/slow pulse indicates internal cold-fluid retention; large/tight pulse indicates lingering cold pathogen. Both involve Yin pathogen hidden within Yang, suitable for purging with Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction). It says "can purge" rather than "must purge," and "suitable" rather than "indicated," because double-wiry/slow resembles cold patterns, and large/tight resembles floating-tight. Due to hardness below the heart, purging is suggested. This parallels the case of floating-large pulse with hardness below the heart and heat belonging to Zang organs, requiring attack. World editions incorrectly state Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction); this is a transcription error.

Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) contains Ban Xia (Pinellia) and Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), pungent and warm, to wash away fluid retention and disperse cold, thus treating Yin pathogen hidden within Yang. Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is purely bitter-cold, destroying the harmony of the Middle Jiao, inevitably leading to Pi Jie (Pi binding) and diarrhea.

In Yangming disease, with spontaneous sweating, or induced sweating, and free urination, this indicates internal exhaustion of fluids. Even if the stool is hard, do not purge. Wait for the natural urge to defecate, and use Mi Jian Dao (Honey Suppository) to guide passage. Tu Gua Gen (Trichosanthes Root) and Da Zhu Dan Gan (Large Pig Gallbladder Juice) can also be used as guides.

For conditions involving fluid loss from sweating, failure to resolve after repeated sweating/purging, or weak Yuan Qi with slow/weak Chi pulse, where purging is indicated but contraindicated due to weakness, guiding methods are suitable. Differentiate fluid dryness: use Honey Suppository for dryness, Gallbladder Juice for excess heat. For warm-heat phlegm-fluid retention, use Trichosanthes Root soaked in ginger juice and rice water. Guiding is ineffective for paradoxical diarrhea; only harsh purgatives like Da/Xiao Chengqi Tang work, as the excess accumulation is internal, not lower. For constipation in Yin channels, add Ginger Juice and Raw Fu Zi Powder to Honey Suppositories, or use fermented bean curd suppositories. This supplements Zhang Zhongjing's omissions.

Above all belong to Yangming Fu-organ syndromes.

Throat closure and cold sensation contraindicate purging. Purging leads to upper deficiency and lower heaviness, inability to swallow liquids, curling up when lying, acute body pain, and diarrhea dozens of times daily.

This refers to throat dryness and closure at the onset of illness. Due to inherent deficiency of True Yang in the Shaoyin channel, both sweating and purging are prohibited. Purging reveals Shaoyin deficiency-cold, causing various symptoms to arise.