【纲】仲景曰。太阳病。发热汗出。恶风脉缓者。名为中风。太阳病。头痛发热。汗出恶风者。桂
枝汤主之。太阳中风。阳浮而阴弱。阳浮者热自发。阴弱者汗自出。啬啬恶寒。淅淅恶风。翕翕发
热。鼻鸣干呕者。桂枝汤主之。
【目】刘完素曰。恶寒有属阳。有属阴。恶风则悉属阳。三阴症并无恶风者。以此也。恶风虽
悉在表。而发散又不同。无汗恶风为伤寒。当发汗。汗出恶风为中风。当解肌。里症虽具。恶风未
罢。当先解外。
赵献可曰。恶风者。卫中四时之虚风。所以恶风也。其人当汗出而脉缓也。数与桂枝汤。桂枝
加葛根汤。使遍体微润连日。当自解矣。
王履曰。卫气者。所以温肌肉。充皮肤。肥腠理。司开阖者也。故风邪中于卫也。则必恶风。
恶寒恶风。俱为表症。但恶风比恶寒为轻耳。恶寒者。虽不当风而时自怯寒。恶风者。居密室帏
中。则无所畏。或当风。或挥扇。则淅淅然而恶也。
柯琴曰。风为阳邪。风中太阳。两阳相搏而阴气衰少。阳浮故热自发。阴弱故汗自出。中风恶
风。类相感也。风性散漫。脉应其象。故浮而缓。若太阳初受病。便见如此脉症。即可定其为中风
而非伤寒矣。二条。是桂枝汤本症。合此症即用此汤。不必问为伤寒中风杂病也。四症中。头痛是
太阳本症。头痛发热恶风。与麻黄症同。本方重在汗出。汗不出者。便非桂枝症。三条。乃太阳中
风之桂枝症。非谓凡中风者盒饭主桂枝也。（明了。）二条脉症。是概风寒杂病而言。三条加中风二字。
其脉其症。悉呈风象矣。
【纲】仲景曰。太阳病。发汗。遂漏不止。其人恶风。小便难。四肢微急。难以屈伸者。桂枝
加附子汤主之。
【目】朱肱曰。此症当温其经。故桂枝加附子也。
刘完素曰。汗多亡阳。则卫不固。是以恶风也。桂枝加附子。温其经而固其卫也。
陶华曰。恶风者。风邪伤卫。腠理不密。由是恶风悉属于阳。非比恶寒。乃有阴阳之别者。
鳌按。此四症并见。却以汗不止小便难为重。以二者由于心肾。故专治之。而恶风四肢急俱痊
也。盖太阳虽当汗。汗不止则亡阳。风乘虚入。故又恶风。汗多必津竭。故小便难。四肢者。诸阳
之本。阳亡则不能荣筋。故筋急而屈伸不利也。
【纲】仲景曰。风湿相搏。骨节烦疼。掣痛。不得屈伸。近之则痛剧。汗出短气。小便不利。
恶风。不欲去衣。或身微肿者。甘草
附子汤主之。
【目】刘完素曰。湿胜自汗。而皮腠不密。是以恶风也。甘草附子汤。所以散其湿而实其卫。
柯琴曰。身肿痛剧。不得屈伸。湿感于外也。恶风不欲去衣。风淫于外也。汗出短气。小便不
利。化源不清也。君桂枝以理上焦而散风邪。佐术、附、甘以除湿而调气。
鳌按。此风湿为病。而湿尤中于周身营卫之间。不能推布其患。为尤重者。故小便不利身肿二
句。最宜着眼。
[Outline] Zhang Zhongjing said: In Taiyang disease (Disease of the Taiyang/Bladder Channel), characterized by fever, sweating, aversion to wind, and a slow pulse, it is named Wind Strike (Zhongfeng). In Taiyang disease, characterized by headache, fever, sweating, and aversion to wind, Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is the primary treatment. In Taiyang Wind Strike, the pulse is floating on the superficial level (Yang) and weak on the deeper level (Yin). Floating Yang indicates spontaneous heat emission; weak Yin indicates spontaneous sweating. The patient experiences shivering aversion to cold, chilly aversion to wind, mild fever resembling a feather covering, nasal congestion with roaring sounds, and dry retching. Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is the primary treatment.
[Commentary] Liu Wansu said: Aversion to cold can belong to Yang syndromes or Yin syndromes. However, aversion to wind belongs entirely to Yang syndromes. This is because there are no cases of aversion to wind in the Three Yin diseases. Although aversion to wind always occurs in exterior syndromes, the method of dispersal differs. Aversion to wind without sweating is Cold Damage (Shanghan) and requires diaphoresis (sweating therapy); aversion to wind with sweating is Wind Strike and requires muscle-relieving therapy. Even if interior syndromes are fully present, if aversion to wind has not ceased, the exterior must be resolved first.
Zhao Xianke said: Aversion to wind results from deficiency winds of the four seasons invading the Wei Qi (Defensive Qi). Therefore, the patient sweats and has a slow pulse. Administering Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) or Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Pueraria Decoction) repeatedly, until the whole body is slightly moist for several days, will lead to spontaneous resolution.
Wang Lü said: Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) warms the muscles, fills the skin, thickens the interstices (Couli), and controls the opening and closing of pores. Therefore, when Wind Evil invades the Wei level, aversion to wind inevitably occurs. Both aversion to cold and aversion to wind are exterior syndromes, but aversion to wind is milder than aversion to cold. Those with aversion to cold feel timidly cold even when not exposed to wind. Those with aversion to wind feel no fear when residing in a closed room or curtains, but feel chilly and aversive when exposed to wind or fanned.
Ke Qin said: Wind is a Yang pathogen. When Wind Evil attacks the Taiyang channel, the two Yangs contend, causing Yin Qi to decline. Floating Yang causes spontaneous heat; weak Yin causes spontaneous sweating. Wind Strike involves aversion to wind due to mutual resonance of nature. Wind is diffuse in nature, so the pulse reflects this image as floating and slow. If these pulse and symptom patterns appear immediately upon the onset of Taiyang disease, it can be determined as Wind Strike rather than Cold Damage. The second clause describes the primary syndrome of Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction); if these symptoms are present, use this decoction, regardless of whether it is Cold Damage, Wind Strike, or miscellaneous disease. Among the four symptoms, headache is the primary symptom of Taiyang. Headache, fever, and aversion to wind are similar to Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) syndrome, but this formula focuses on sweating; if there is no sweating, it is not a Guizhi Tang syndrome. The third clause refers specifically to the Guizhi Tang syndrome of Taiyang Wind Strike, not implying that all Wind Strike cases must primarily use Guizhi Tang. The meaning is clear. The pulse and symptoms in the second clause generally refer to Wind-Cold miscellaneous diseases. Adding "Wind Strike" to the third clause makes the pulse and symptoms fully present the characteristics of Wind.
[Outline] Zhang Zhongjing said: In Taiyang disease, after diaphoresis (sweating therapy), sweating continues unceasingly (leaking). The patient feels aversion to wind, has difficulty urinating, slight stiffness in the four limbs making flexion and extension difficult. Guizhi Jia Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) is the primary treatment.
[Commentary] Zhu Gong said: This syndrome requires warming the meridians; hence, Guizhi Jia Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) is used.
Liu Wansu said: Excessive sweating leads to loss of Yang Qi, causing Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) to fail in its securing function, resulting in aversion to wind. Guizhi Jia Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) warms the meridians and consolidates the Wei Qi (Defensive Qi).
Tao Hua said: Aversion to wind occurs when Wind Evil injures the Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), causing the interstices (Couli) to be loose. Thus, aversion to wind belongs entirely to Yang syndromes, unlike aversion to cold which has distinctions between Yin and Yang.
Shen Jin'ao commented: These four symptoms appear together, but the emphasis is placed on unceasing sweating and difficulty urinating, as these stem from the Heart and Kidney. By treating them specifically, aversion to wind and limb stiffness also resolve. Generally, although Taiyang disease warrants diaphoresis, unceasing sweating leads to loss of Yang Qi. Wind Evil enters through the deficiency, causing aversion to wind. Excessive sweating depletes Body Fluids (Jinye), leading to difficulty urinating. The four limbs are the root of all Yang Qi. Loss of Yang Qi prevents nourishment of the sinews, causing stiffness and limited mobility.
[Outline] Zhang Zhongjing said: When Wind and Dampness contend with each other, there is severe pain in the bone joints, pulling pain, inability to flex or extend, and intensified pain upon touch. There is sweating, shortness of breath, difficulty urinating, aversion to wind, reluctance to remove clothing, or slight bodily swelling. Gancao Fuzi Tang (Licorice and Aconite Decoction) is the primary treatment.
[Commentary] Liu Wansu said: Excess Dampness causes spontaneous sweating, and the skin and interstices become loose, leading to aversion to wind. Gancao Fuzi Tang (Licorice and Aconite Decoction) disperses Dampness and solidifies the Wei Qi (Defensive Qi).
Ke Qin said: Severe bodily swelling and pain, inability to flex or extend, indicate Dampness affecting the exterior. Aversion to wind and reluctance to remove clothing indicate Wind excess at the exterior. Sweating, shortness of breath, and difficulty urinating indicate unclear source of transformation. Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) is used as the sovereign herb to regulate the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner) and disperse Wind Evil. Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi), and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) are used as assistants to dispel Dampness and harmonize Qi.
Shen Jin'ao commented: This is a disease caused by Wind and Dampness, where Dampness particularly obstructs the Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) and Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) throughout the body, failing to distribute properly, making the condition more severe. Therefore, the phrases "difficulty urinating" and "bodily swelling" deserve the most attention.