（出灵枢第十篇）
欲读仲景伤寒。又须识内经经脉。不识经脉。则六经篇传变之病。无由而起悟也。所以朱奉议着活人书。其第一
卷。先言足六经脉。惜乎手之六经。并未言及。愚今以足经图注于前。从俗论也。复以手经图注于后。衍经义也。先轩
岐而后仲景。则知仲景立论。悉本于内经云尔。
膀胱足太阳之脉。起于目内 。上额。交巅。（目之内角为内 。一名大 。发际前为额。巅。顶也。）其支者。从
巅至耳上角。（支者。如木之有枝。经络发挥云支别。此言脉之旁行者。与正经相别也。耳上角。为足少阳经所行之地。
此太阳之支脉。交于少阳之经脉也。）其直者。从巅入络脑。还出别下项。循肩 内。挟脊抵腰中。入循膂。络肾。属膀
胱。（别字疑有误。此言脉之直行者。乃太阳之正经也。络。绕也。犹兜也。还。复也。循。巡也。又根据也。沿也。挟。
夹。抵至属连属也。脑者。头中之髓。脑外之后为项。肩后成片大骨谓之肩 。椎骨为脊。尻上横骨为腰。挟脊为膂。
盖足太阳正经直行之脉。亦从巅内。入络于脑。复出下项。却循肩 内。挟脊两旁下行。至腰中复入循膂。内络两肾。
下而连属于膀胱也。）其支者。从腰中。下挟脊。贯臀。入 中。（臀尻旁大肉也。膝后曲处为 。此其支脉之别行者。
即接上直行之经。而下行者也。盖上直行之经。从腰中内入。循膂而络于肾。此支脉即从腰中接行。下挟脊。贯臀而入
于中也。）其支者。从 内左右。别下贯胛。挟脊内。过髀枢。循髀外。从后廉。下合 中。以下贯 内。出外踝之后。
循京骨。至小指外侧。（胛音甲。发挥中改作胂。音申。膂内曰胂。夹脊肉也。髀。股也。一云。股外为髀。髀之上。捷
骨之下。曰髀枢。廉隅也。边也。后廉。犹言后边也。 。 同。一名腓肠。下腿肚也。足跗后两旁圆骨曰踝。外曰外
踝。京骨。本经穴名。此又言。足太阳一大支之脉。与直行之经。左右相夹而别行者也。其脉亦从肩 内。左右别行下
贯胂。挟脊内。下历尻臀。过髀。枢循髀外后廉。髀枢之里。下而与前支脉之入 中者。相合。复下行贯入 内。复出
外踝之后。循京骨穴。至足小指外侧之端。以交于足少阴经也。）
（经穴分寸。详见铜人资生针灸等书。兹不细述。以后诸经仿此。）
\r足太阳经脉之图\pt68a1.bmp\r
此系肾膀俞穴。因其正经。必由腰中而入。自内而联系肾与膀胱。故图与经文颠倒。实则两肾在腰以上。而膀胱
又居于小腹之前也。
（琥）按足太阳之脉。上下左右分行。共十道。其脉之起。自目内 。上额交于巅上者。二道。此为正经。犹树之
有根也。其直行者。从巅入络脑。还出下项。挟脊。抵腰中者。二道。此亦为正经。犹树之有本也。其别行者。从正经
之巅。至耳上角者。二道。此为第一小支。又从腰中。接正经而下行。贯臀入 者。二道。此为第二大支。又从正经之
内。别下贯胂。挟脊过髀。下合入 之支脉。复下贯 。出外踝之后。至小指外侧者。二道。此为第三大支。犹树之
有枝也。以上皆太阳所行之脉。然其支脉之接合。正经而至足者。即为正经之脉也。前热论中止云。头项痛。腰脊强。
此但言正经之脉。从头下项挟脊抵腰故也。愚谓太阳受病。凡所过之经。皆当疼痛不利。此为验证要法。胃足阳明之脉。
起于鼻之交 中。旁约太阳之脉。下循鼻外。入上齿中。还出挟口。环唇下。交承浆。却循颐后下廉。出大迎。循颊车。
上耳前。过客主人。循发际。至额颅。（之字疑误。 鼻梁也。一名山根。承浆。任脉穴名。在唇下陷中。却退也。颔中
为颐。腮下是也。又腮下骨为下廉。大迎。颊车。本经穴名。客主人足少阳经穴名。发际。囟门以前也。发际前为额颅。
此言足阳明之脉。起于鼻之两旁。左右相交于 中。过足太阳经。睛明穴之分。故云旁约太阳之脉。下循鼻外。入上齿
中。还出挟两口吻。环绕唇下。左右相交于承浆穴。退循颐后下廉。出本经之大迎穴。循两颊车。上耳前。过足少阳之
客主人穴。更上而循发际。至额颅之前也。）其支者。从大迎前。下人迎。循喉咙。入缺盆。下膈。属胃。络脾。（人迎。
缺盆。本经穴名。此言支脉之别行者。即接前大迎穴前之脉。下人迎而行。循喉咙两旁。入缺盆穴中。下膈内。当上脘
中脘之分。属于胃而络于脾也。）其直者。从缺盆。下乳内廉。下挟脐。入气街中。（气街。本经穴名。一名气冲。此言
经脉之直行者。从缺盆穴。接上支脉下行。由两乳之内。挟脐而入于气街穴中。乃阳明正经之脉也。）其支者。起于胃口
下。循腹里。下至气街中而合。以下髀关。抵伏兔。下膝膑中。下循胫外廉。下足跗。入中指内间。（胃口下发挥中作胃
下口。内间内字当作外。股内为髀。髀前膝上起肉处为伏兔。伏兔后交纹处为髀关。膝盖为膑。足茎骨为胫。跗。足面
也。此又其支脉之从内而达外者。由属胃处。起胃下口。循腹之里。下至气街中。出而与前支脉之入气街者相合。复下
行而至髀关。伏兔。膝膑。胫外。足跗等处。入中指外间。至足大指次指之端而终也。）其支者。下廉三寸而别。下入中
指外间。（下廉。本经穴名。一名下巨虚。此言支脉之小者。由下廉穴三寸之下。别行循胫踝之外。下入中指外间。而与
前之支脉相合也。滑氏注下廉云。自膝下三寸。循三里穴之外。别行而下者。非马玄台灵枢注从之。其误甚矣。）其支者
别跗上。入大指间出其端。（此又言其支脉之小者。从足跗上别行。入大指间。循大指之下出其端。以交于足太阴经也。）
\r足阳明经脉之图\pt68a2.bmp\r
（琥）按足阳明之脉。上下左右分行。共十二道。其脉之起。自鼻交 （云云）。出大迎。还上至额颅者。二道。其
脉屈曲而行。此为正经。乃脉之根也。其别行者。从大迎前。下人迎（云云）。入缺盆。而内连胃与脾者。二道。此由外
而入内之第一大支脉。是虽支脉。其上下实接正经而行者也。其直行者。从缺盆（云云）。下入气街中者。二道。此为正
经。乃脉之本也。又其别行者。起于胃下口。下合气街而行于外。复下。而入中指内（当作外）间者。二道。此由内而
发外之第二大支脉。乃脉之枝也。又其支者。从大支之下廉穴。三寸而别。亦入于中指外间者。二道。又其支者。别跗
上。出大指端者。二道。此又二小支脉也。前热论中云。身热目疼。鼻干。不得卧。此亦仅言其略。愚谓凡阳明所过之
经。皆当受病。前云目疼者。当是绕目作痛。非目中疼也。盖阳明经络于目。滑氏以络字。作绕字解。愚意以阳明经起
于鼻。旁约太阳之脉。绕目而上下行。故云络于目也。凡经中字义。当活看。
胆足少阳之脉。起于目锐 。上抵头角。下耳后。循颈。行手少阳之前。至肩上。却交出手少阳之后。入缺盆。（目
锐。目外角也。一名小 。此言足少阳之脉。起于目外 。上抵头角。折下而行于耳后。复自耳后。折外上行至两眉
头。及目内 之分。复自眉目之分。上行侧头部。下折而循于颈。过手少阳经天牖穴之分。故云行手少阳之前。至肩上。
循肩非本经穴名。手足少阳阳维之会。故云。却交出手少阳之后。下肩。而入于缺盆穴之外。与前阳明脉之入缺盆者。
实相近而不相合也。按起于目云云。至循颈。发挥中云。自瞳子 至风池。凡二十穴。作三折而行。学人细考铜人等书。
侧头部。其经自明。）其支者。从耳后。入耳中。出走耳前。至目锐 后。（此其一小支脉之行于头者）其支者。别锐 。
下大迎。合手少阳。抵于 。下加颊车。下颈合缺盆。以下胸中。贯膈。络肝。属胆。循胁里。出气街。绕毛际。横入
髀厌中。（ 。目下也。手少阳脉下颊至 。故云合手少阳于 。胸中当两乳之间。膈。膜也。居心肺之下。胁。腋下也。
曲骨两旁为毛际。捷骨之下为髀厌。即髀枢中也。此又其一大支脉。从目锐 别行。下而与前脉之入缺盆者相合。入内
而联系肝胆。复出气街。而下入髀厌中也。）其直者。从缺盆。下腋。循胸。过季胁。下合髀厌中。以下循髀阳。出膝外
廉。下外辅骨之前。直下抵绝骨之端。下出外踝之前。循足跗上。入小指次指之间。（胁之上际为腋。胁下小肋为季胁。
俗名软肋是也。髀之外为髀阳。辅骨。膝下内外侧大骨也。外髁上尖骨曰绝骨。足面为跗。小指次指。即无名指。足之
第四指也。此言其直行之经脉。即从前入缺盆之脉而起。下行而与前支脉之入髀厌者相合。复下行。而入于足小指次指
之间也。）其支者。别跗上。入大指之间。循大指岐骨内出其端。还贯爪甲。出三毛。（足大指本节后为岐骨。爪甲后为
三毛。此又其一小支脉之行于足者。其脉从跗上别行。循岐骨。出大指之端。还贯入爪甲之后。以交于足厥阴经也。）
\r足少阳经脉之图\pt68a3.bmp\r
（琥）按足少阳之脉。上下左右分行。共十道。其脉之起。自目外 。上抵头角（云云）。循颈至肩上。而下入于缺
盆穴之外者。二道。此其脉行之最屈曲者。乃脉之根也。其别行者。从耳后入耳中（云云）。至目锐 后者。二道。此为
第一小支。又其别行者。从目锐 下大迎（云云）。合缺盆。而下胸贯膈。内连肝胆。复出气街（云云）。入髀厌中者。
又二道。此为第二大支。是虽支脉。实接正经。而并行者也。其直行者。从缺盆下腋（云云）。下合髀厌中（云云）。复
下而入小指次指之间者。二道。此为正经。乃脉之本也。又其支者。从跗上别行。入大指间（云云）。贯爪甲。出三毛者。
又二道。此为第三小支之脉也。前热论中云。胸胁痛而耳聋。此亦仅言其略。医者当以意会之。
脾足太阴之脉。起于大指之端。循指内侧白肉际。过HT 骨后。上内踝前廉。上 内。循胫骨后。交出厥阴之前。
上膝股内前廉。入腹。属脾。络胃。（考此处当有其支者三字。）上膈。挟咽。连舌本。散舌下。（HT 骨一作核骨。足大
指本
节后内侧圆骨。马注承滑氏之误。云是孤拐骨。谬矣。盖孤拐即是踝骨。下文又云。上内踝前廉。岂有重出之理。踝骨
注见前。骨在内。为内踝。 内。胫骨。注并见前。髀内为股。大腿是也。脐上为腹。咽。所以咽物者。居喉之前。舌
本。舌根也。此言足太阴之脉。起于足大指之端。循大指内侧白肉际。过大指本节内侧核骨之后。上内踝前廉。复上
内。过三阴交。本经穴名。足太阴厥阴少阴之交会。正当足胫骨之内侧。腿肚之下。故云循胫骨之后。上行而交出于足
厥阴之前也。复自胫骨之上而行。循膝股内前廉。迤逦入腹。上行至本经之腹哀穴。内行以属脾络胃也。盖足之三阴。
其正经之脉。止从足走腹。下文云。上膈挟咽至舌者。乃支脉也。愚今考。正其支者。复自腹哀穴上膈。至乳外上侧之
周荣穴。由周荣穴外。曲折向下。至大包穴。皆本经穴名。复自大包而内。发挥中作外误。曲折向上。行人迎之里。挟
咽。连舌本。散舌下而终也。）其支者。复从胃。别上膈。注心中。（此又其支脉之行。复从络胃处。别正经而上膈。内
注于心之分。以交于手少阴经也。滑氏注云。由腹哀穴别行。再从胃部上膈者非。）
\r足太阴经脉之图\pt68a4.bmp\r
（琥）按足太阴之脉。上下左右分行。共六道。其脉之起。自足大指之端（云云）。入腹。屈曲上行。至腹哀穴。内
行而属脾。络胃者。二道。此为正经。乃脉之本也。其支者。由腹哀穴。接正经。而上行至膈（云云）。散舌下者。又二
道。此其二大支脉也。内经中系缺文。诸家亦无明注。遂混入正经之中。又其支者。复从胃别上膈。注心中者。二道此
其二小支脉也。前热论中云。腹满而嗌干。此亦仅举其病热之略耳。
〔肾〕足少阴之脉。起于小指之下。邪趋足心。出于然谷之下。循内踝之后。别入跟中。以上 内。出 内廉。上
股内后
廉。贯脊。属肾。络膀胱。（趋。走也。跟。足跟也。然谷。本经穴名。此言足少阴经之脉。起足小指之下。斜走足心之
涌泉穴。转出足内踝前。至本经然谷穴之下。循内踝后。别入足跟中。按别入跟中。活人书。竟作别行之一小支脉者非。
还上而循内踝。上出 之内。再上股内后廉。贯脊。会督脉之长强穴。还出于前。循横骨穴而上。至肓俞之所。皆本
经穴名。内行而分属两肾。更下脐。过任脉之关元。中极二穴。而络于膀胱也。）其直者。从肾上贯肝膈。入肺中。循喉
咙。挟舌本。（此言其直行之脉。从肓俞穴属肾处。上行历诸穴。至本经之通谷穴。入内贯肝与膈。更入肺中。再上而循
喉咙。并足阳明经之人迎穴。挟舌本而终也。）其支者。从肺出络心。注胸中。（按心字。当作心包。若系真心。藏肺之
(From Chapter 10 of the *Ling Shu*)
To study Zhang Zhongjing's *Shang Han Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage), one must also understand the meridians described in the *Nei Jing* (Inner Canon). Without understanding the meridians, it is impossible to comprehend the transmission and transformation patterns of the Six Meridian diseases. Therefore, Zhu Fengyi, in his work *Huo Ren Shu* (Book for Saving Lives), discusses the Foot Six Meridians first in Volume One, but regrettably omits the Hand Six Meridians. I now place the diagrams and annotations of the Foot Meridians at the forefront, following popular custom, and subsequently annotate the Hand Meridians to elaborate on meridian theory. By honoring Xuanyuan (Yellow Emperor) and Qibo before Zhang Zhongjing, we can see that Zhang Zhongjing's theoretical framework is entirely based on the *Nei Jing*.
The Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian originates from the medial canthus of the eye (Nei Zi), ascends to the forehead, and intersects at the vertex (Dian). [The inner corner of the eye is called Nei Zi, also known as Da Zi; the area anterior to the hairline is the forehead; Dian refers to the top of the head.] Its branch ascends from the vertex to the upper angle of the ear. [“Zhi Zhe” (branch) is like a branch on a tree; *Jing Luo Fa Hui* calls it “Zhi Bie.” This refers to the lateral pathway of the meridian, distinct from the main channel. The upper angle of the ear is the pathway of the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian; here, the Taiyang branch intersects with the Shaoyang meridian.] Its main trunk enters the brain from the vertex, emerges, descends through the nape, runs along the medial aspect of the shoulder blade, flanks the spine, reaches the middle of the waist, internally connects to the Kidneys, and belongs to the Bladder. [The character “Bie” may be erroneous. This refers to the direct pathway, which is the main channel of Taiyang. “Luo” means to encircle or wrap around. “Huan” means to return. “Xun” means to follow or patrol. “Xia” means to clasp or flank. “Di” means to reach. “Shu” means to belong to or connect. The Brain is the marrow of the head. The posterior part of the head is the nape. The large flat bone posterior to the shoulder is Jian Yu. The vertebral column is Ji. The transverse bone above the coccyx is Yao. The tissue flanking the spine is Lv. Essentially, the direct pathway of the Foot-Taiyang main channel enters the brain from the vertex, emerges to descend the nape, follows the medial aspect of Jian Yu, flanks the spine downwards to the waist, re-enters to connect with Lv, internally links the two Kidneys, and descends to connect with the Bladder.] Another branch descends from the middle of the waist, flanks the spine, penetrates the buttocks, and enters the popliteal fossa (Yan). [The large flesh of the buttock is Tun. The curved area behind the knee is Yan. This is the alternative pathway of its branch, connecting downward from the previously mentioned direct channel. While the direct channel enters internally from the waist to connect with the Kidneys via Lv, this branch continues from the waist, flanks the spine, penetrates the buttocks, and enters Yan.] Another branch separates from the medial aspect of Yan, descends laterally to penetrate the scapula, flanks the spine internally, passes through the hip joint (Bi Shu), follows the lateral aspect of the thigh, descends along the posterior margin, converges into Yan, then descends through the calf muscle (Fei Chang), emerges posterior to the lateral malleolus, follows the Jinggu acupoint, and terminates at the lateral side of the little toe. [Jia sounds like 'jia'; *Fa Hui* changes it to "Shen" (sounds like 'shen'), meaning the muscle inside Lv, i.e., the paraspinal muscle. Bi refers to the thigh. Some say the lateral thigh is Bi. Above Bi, below the greater trochanter, is Bi Shu. Lian means edge or margin. Hou Lian means the posterior edge. Yan and Chan are synonymous, also called Fei Chang, referring to the calf. The round bone on both sides posterior to the dorsum pedis is the ankle; the outer one is the lateral malleolus. Jinggu is an acupoint of this meridian. This describes another major branch of the Foot-Taiyang meridian running parallel to the main channel. It diverges from the medial aspect of Jian Yu, runs down through Shen, flanks the spine internally, passes through the buttocks, crosses the thigh and Bi Shu, follows the posterior lateral margin, converges with the branch entering Yan, descends through the calf, emerges posterior to the lateral malleolus, follows Jinggu, and reaches the lateral end of the little toe to intersect with the Foot-Shaoyin meridian.]
(Details of acupoint measurements can be found in texts such as *Tong Ren Shu* and *Zi Sheng Zhen Jiu*; they are not detailed here. Subsequent meridians follow this pattern.)
[Diagram of the Foot-Taiyang Meridian] pt68a1.bmp
These are the Shushu and Pangguangshu acupoints. Since the main channel must enter through the waist to internally connect the Kidneys and Bladder, the diagram order appears inverted compared to the text. In reality, the two Kidneys are located above the waist, while the Bladder is situated in the anterior lower abdomen.
(Hu) Note: The Foot-Taiyang meridian divides into ten pathways superiorly/inferiorly and left/right. The origin from the medial canthus, ascending to the forehead and intersecting at the vertex constitutes two pathways; these are the main channels, like the roots of a tree. The direct pathway from the vertex entering the brain, emerging to descend the nape, flanking the spine to the waist constitutes two pathways; these are also main channels, like the trunk of a tree. The branch from the vertex to the upper ear angle constitutes two pathways; this is the first minor branch. The branch descending from the waist, connecting to the main channel, penetrating the buttocks and entering Yan constitutes two pathways; this is the second major branch. The branch separating from the medial aspect, penetrating Shen, flanking the spine, passing the thigh, converging into Yan, descending through the calf, emerging posterior to the lateral malleolus, and reaching the lateral little toe constitutes two pathways; this is the third major branch, like the branches of a tree. All these are pathways traversed by Taiyang. However, when branches merge back into the main channel leading to the foot, they become part of the main channel. The earlier *Re Lun* (Treatise on Heat) only mentions "head and neck pain, stiffness of the lumbar spine." This refers only to the main channel descending from the head through the nape, flanking the spine to the waist. I believe that when Taiyang is affected, all meridians it traverses should exhibit pain and dysfunction; this is a key method for verification.
The Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian originates from the bridge of the nose (Shan Gen), adjacent to and constraining the Taiyang meridian, descends along the lateral nose, enters the upper teeth, emerges, flanks the mouth, circles the lips, intersects at Chengjiang, then retreats along the inferior margin of the cheek after Yi, emerges at Daying, follows Jiache, ascends anterior to the ear, passes Keyuzhuren, follows the hairline, and reaches the frontal skull. [The character "Zhi" is likely erroneous. Shan Gen is the nasal bridge. Chengjiang is an acupoint of the Ren Mai, located in the depression below the lower lip. Que means to retreat. Yi refers to the chin/cheek area. Daying and Jiache are acupoints of this meridian. Keyuzhuren is an acupoint of the Foot-Shaoyang meridian. The hairline is anterior to the fontanelle; the area anterior to the hairline is the frontal skull. This describes the Foot-Yangming meridian originating from both sides of the nose, intersecting at Shan Gen, crossing the Foot-Taiyang Jingming acupoint region, hence "constraining the Taiyang meridian." It descends along the lateral nose, enters the upper teeth, emerges flanking the mouth corners, circles the lower lip, intersects at Chengjiang, retreats along the inferior margin of Yi, emerges at Daying, follows Jiache, ascends anterior to the ear, passes Keyuzhuren of the Foot-Shaoyang, ascends further along the hairline to the frontal skull.] Its branch descends from anterior to Daying, enters Yingchang, follows the throat, enters Quepen, descends through the diaphragm, belongs to the Stomach, and connects to the Spleen. [Yingchang and Quepen are acupoints of this meridian. This branch connects from anterior to Daying, descends through Yingchang, follows the lateral throat, enters Quepen, descends through the diaphragm (at the level of Shangwan and Zhongwan), belongs to the Stomach, and connects to the Spleen.] Its main trunk descends from Quepen, along the medial aspect of the breast, flanks the umbilicus, and enters Qijie. [Qijie, also known as Qichong, is an acupoint of this meridian. This direct pathway descends from Quepen, following the previous branch, between the breasts, flanking the umbilicus, into Qijie; this is the main Yangming channel.] Its branch originates below the stomach opening, follows the interior of the abdomen, descends to converge with Qijie, then descends through Biguan, reaches Futu, passes below the kneecap (Bin), follows the lateral aspect of the tibia, descends to the dorsum pedis, and enters the space between the toes. [In *Fa Hui*, "below stomach opening" is written as "lower mouth of stomach." The character "nei" (inner) in "neijian" should be "wai" (outer). The medial thigh is Bi; the fleshy prominence anterior to the knee is Futu. The crease posterior to Futu is Biguan. The kneecap is Bin. The shin bone is Xia. Fu is the dorsum pedis. This branch originates from the Stomach connection, starts at the lower stomach opening, follows the abdominal interior to Qijie, merges with the branch entering Qijie, descends to Biguan, Futu, Bin, lateral tibia, and dorsum pedis, enters the lateral space between the toes, and terminates at the tip of the second toe.] A smaller branch diverges three cun below Xiajiao (Xiajiao, also known as Xiajuxu, is an acupoint), descends laterally to the ankle, and enters the lateral space between the toes, merging with the previous branch. [Slip's commentary states: "Three cun below the knee, diverging laterally from Sanli," which contradicts Ma Xuantai's *Ling Shu* annotation and is considered erroneous.] Another small branch diverges from the dorsum pedis, enters the space between the big toe, and emerges at its tip to intersect with the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian.
[Diagram of the Foot-Yangming Meridian] pt68a2.bmp
(Hu) Note: The Foot-Yangming meridian divides into twelve pathways. The origin from the nose, intersecting at Shan Gen, emerging at Daying, and ascending to the frontal skull constitutes two pathways. These curve and constitute the main channel, the root of the meridian. The branch from anterior to Daying, descending through Yingchang, entering Quepen, and internally connecting to the Stomach and Spleen constitutes two pathways. This is the first major branch entering internally from externally, actually connecting with the main channel. The direct pathway from Quepen descending to Qijie constitutes two pathways; this is the main channel, the trunk of the meridian. The branch originating below the stomach opening, converging with Qijie, and descending to the lateral space between the toes constitutes two pathways. This is the second major branch extending externally from internally, representing the branches of the meridian. Another branch diverging three cun below Xiajiao into the lateral toe space constitutes two pathways. Another branch diverging from the dorsum pedis to the big toe tip constitutes two pathways. These are two minor branches. The earlier *Re Lun* mentions "fever, eye pain, dry nose, inability to sleep," which is only a brief summary. I believe any disease affecting the Yangming pathway involves these meridians. The earlier mention of "eye pain" likely refers to pain surrounding the eye, not within it, as the Yangming meridian loops around the eyes. The term "luo" (connect) in the classics should be interpreted flexibly; here it implies looping around.
The Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian originates from the lateral canthus of the eye (Rui Zi), ascends to the head angle, descends posterior to the ear, follows the neck, passes anterior to the Hand-Shaoyang meridian, reaches the shoulder, crosses posterior to the Hand-Shaoyang, and enters Quepen. [Rui Zi is the lateral canthus, also known as Xiao Zi. This meridian originates from the lateral canthus, ascends to the head angle, descends posterior to the ear, ascends laterally to the glabella and medial canthus, then ascends to the temporal region, descends to follow the neck, passes anterior to Tianyou of the Hand-Shaoyang, hence "passing anterior to Hand-Shaoyang." At the shoulder, it crosses posterior to the Hand-Shaoyang (the intersection of Foot-Shaoyang, Hand-Shaoyang, and Yang Wei vessels), descends, and enters Quepen, close to but not merging with the Yangming entry. According to *Fa Hui*, from Tongziliao to Fengchi, there are twenty acupoints arranged in three bends; students should consult *Tong Ren* for details.] Its branch enters the ear from posterior to the ear, exits anterior to the ear, and reaches posterior to the lateral canthus. [This is a minor branch in the head.] Another branch diverges from the lateral canthus, descends to Daying, merges with the Hand-Shaoyang, reaches Bian, descends to Jiache, joins Quepen in the neck, descends into the chest, pierces the diaphragm, connects to the Liver, belongs to the Gallbladder, follows the hypochondrium, emerges at Qijie, circles the pubic hair line, and transversely enters Biyan. [Bian is below the eye. The Hand-Shaoyang descends to Bian, hence "merging with Hand-Shaoyang at Bian." The chest is between the breasts. Diaphragm is the membrane below the Heart and Lung. Hypochondrium is the axillary region. The pubic hair line is on both sides of the pubic bone. Biyan is below the greater trochanter, i.e., Bi Shu. This major branch diverges from the lateral canthus, merges with the branch entering Quepen, internally connects the Liver and Gallbladder, emerges at Qijie, and enters Biyan.] Its main trunk descends from Quepen, under the axilla, follows the chest, passes the costal margin (Ji Xie), converges with Biyan, follows the lateral thigh (Bi Yang), emerges at the lateral knee margin, descends anterior to the lateral fibular head, reaches the end of Juegu, emerges anterior to the lateral malleolus, follows the dorsum pedis, and enters the space between the fourth and fifth toes. [The upper boundary of the hypochondrium is the axilla. The lower small ribs are Ji Xie, commonly called soft ribs. The lateral thigh is Bi Yang. Fu Gu is the large bone on the medial/lateral sides below the knee. Juegu is the pointed bone above the lateral malleolus. Fu is the dorsum pedis. The fourth and fifth toes are the ring and little toes. This direct pathway originates from the entry into Quepen, converges with the branch entering Biyan, descends, and enters the space between the fourth and fifth toes.] Another branch diverges from the dorsum pedis, enters the space between the big toe, follows the bifurcation bone internally, emerges at the tip, loops through the nail bed, and emerges at the trichoma (San Mao). [The bone after the proximal phalanx of the big toe is Qi Gu. The area posterior to the nail is San Mao. This minor branch diverges from the dorsum pedis, follows Qi Gu, emerges at the big toe tip, loops through the nail bed, and intersects with the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian.]
[Diagram of the Foot-Shaoyang Meridian] pt68a3.bmp
(Hu) Note: The Foot-Shaoyang meridian divides into ten pathways. The origin from the lateral canthus, ascending to the head angle, following the neck to the shoulder, and entering Quepen constitutes two pathways. These are the most tortuous pathways, representing the root of the meridian. The branch entering the ear from posterior, exiting anterior, and reaching posterior to the lateral canthus constitutes two pathways; this is the first minor branch. The branch diverging from the lateral canthus to Daying, merging at Quepen, descending through the chest/diaphragm, connecting Liver/Gallbladder, emerging at Qijie, and entering Biyan constitutes two pathways; this is the second major branch, actually running parallel to the main channel. The direct pathway from Quepen under the axilla, converging with Biyan, and descending to the fourth/fifth toes constitutes two pathways; this is the main channel, the trunk of the meridian. The branch diverging from the dorsum pedis, entering the big toe space, looping through the nail, and emerging at San Mao constitutes two pathways; this is the third minor branch. The earlier *Re Lun* mentions "hypochondriac pain and deafness," which is only a brief summary. Physicians should interpret this mentally.
The Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian originates from the tip of the big toe, follows the medial white flesh margin, passes posterior to the He Gu bone, ascends anterior to the medial malleolus, ascends the medial tibia, follows the posterior tibia, crosses anterior to the Jueyin, ascends the anterior medial knee/thigh, enters the abdomen, belongs to the Spleen, and connects to the Stomach. [Textual research suggests "Qi Zhi Zhe" (Its branch) should appear here.] It ascends through the diaphragm, flanks the pharynx, connects to the root of the tongue, and spreads under the tongue. [He Gu bone, also called He Gu, is the round bone on the medial side posterior to the proximal phalanx of the big toe. Ma's commentary erroneously follows Slip's claim that it is the talus (Gu Gua); however, Gu Gua is the ankle bone, and the text later mentions "anterior to the medial malleolus," making duplication unlikely. The medial malleolus is noted earlier. The tibia is Neixi Gu. The medial thigh is Gu. The abdomen is above the umbilicus. The pharynx is anterior to the larynx. The root of the tongue is She Ben. This meridian originates from the big toe tip, follows the medial white flesh margin, passes posterior to the medial He Gu, ascends anterior to the medial malleolus, ascends the medial tibia, passes Sanyinjiao (intersection of Taiyin, Jueyin, Shaoyin), follows the posterior tibia, crosses anterior to the Jueyin, ascends the anterior medial knee/thigh, enters the abdomen, ascends to Fuaiai, internally belongs to the Spleen and connects to the Stomach. The main channels of the Three Yin meridians run from foot to abdomen. The subsequent description of ascending through the diaphragm to the tongue is a branch. Research indicates this branch ascends from Fuaiai through the diaphragm to Zhou Rong (lateral upper breast), curves down to Dabao, then internally (not externally as in *Fa Hui*), curves up, passes medial to Yingchang, flanks the pharynx, connects to the tongue root, and spreads under the tongue.] Its branch diverges from the Stomach, ascends through the diaphragm, and pours into the Heart. [This branch diverges from the Stomach connection, ascends through the diaphragm, internally pours into the Heart region, and intersects with the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Slip's commentary claiming divergence from Fuaiai and ascent from the Stomach is incorrect.]
[Diagram of the Foot-Taiyin Meridian] pt68a4.bmp
(Hu) Note: The Foot-Taiyin meridian divides into six pathways. The origin from the big toe tip, entering the abdomen, ascending curving to Fuaiai, internally belonging to the Spleen and connecting to the Stomach constitutes two pathways; this is the main channel, the trunk of the meridian. The branch from Fuaiai ascending through the diaphragm to spread under the tongue constitutes two pathways; these are the two major branches. The *Nei Jing* has missing text here, and commentators have not clarified, often mixing them with the main channel. The branch diverging from the Stomach, ascending through the diaphragm, and pouring into the Heart constitutes two pathways; these are the two minor branches. The earlier *Re Lun* mentions "abdominal fullness and dry throat," which is only a brief mention of heat pathologies.
[Kidney] The Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian originates below the little toe,斜 (xie) trends toward the sole, emerges below Ran Gu, follows posterior to the medial malleolus, diverges into the heel, ascends the medial tibia, emerges at the medial tibial margin, ascends the posterior medial thigh, pierces the spine, belongs to the Kidney, and connects to the Bladder. [Qu means to walk. Gen is the heel. Ran Gu is an acupoint of this meridian. This meridian originates below the little toe,斜 walks to Yongquan in the sole, emerges anterior to the medial malleolus, to below Ran Gu, follows posterior to the medial malleolus, diverges into the heel. Contrary to *Huo Ren Shu* which treats "diverging into the heel" as a separate minor branch, it is part of the main course. It ascends along the medial malleolus, emerges medial to the tibia, ascends the posterior medial thigh, pierces the spine, meets Changqiang of the Du Mai, emerges anteriorly, follows Henggu, ascends to Huangshu (all acupoints of this meridian). Internally, it distributes to the two Kidneys, descends past the umbilicus, crosses Guanyuan and Zhongji of the Ren Mai, and connects to the Bladder.] Its main trunk ascends from the Kidney, pierces the Liver and diaphragm, enters the Lung, follows the throat, and flanks the root of the tongue. [This direct pathway ascends from Huangshu/Kidney connection, passes various acupoints to Tonggu, internally pierces the Liver and diaphragm, enters the Lung, ascends to follow the throat, alongside Yingchang of the Foot-Yangming, and flanks the tongue root.] Its branch emerges from the Lung, connects to the Pericardium (note: "Heart" should be "Pericardium"; if it were the true Heart, it would be hidden by the Lung...