（此方自原论中第七卷采附于此）
人参 甘草（炙） 白术 干姜（以上各三两）
上四味。捣筛为末。蜜和丸。如鸡子黄大。以沸汤数合。和一丸研碎。温服之。日三服。夜二服。
成氏明理论云。心肺在膈上为阳。肾肝在膈下为阴。此上下藏也。脾胃应土。处在中州。在五脏曰孤脏。属三焦
曰中焦。自三焦独治在中。一有不调。此丸专治。故名曰理中丸。人参味甘温内经曰。脾欲缓。急食甘以缓之。缓中益
脾。必以甘为主。是以人参为君。白术味甘温。内经曰脾恶湿。甘胜湿。温中胜湿。必以甘为助。是以白术为臣。甘草
味甘平。内经曰。五味所入。甘先入脾。脾不足者。以甘补之。补中助脾。必先甘剂。是以甘草为佐。干姜味辛热。喜
温而恶寒者。胃也。胃寒。则中焦不治。内经曰。寒淫所胜。平以辛热。散寒温胃。必先辛剂。是以干姜为使云云。内
经曰。热者寒之寒者热之。此之谓也。
琥按上成氏注理中丸。乃治脾胃虚寒药也。使脾胃虚而不至于寒。则干姜在所当减。况敢加桂附等药乎。使脾胃寒
而不至于虚。则参术又在所当减矣。医者不可不知。又上证言喜唾得。乃吐涎沫也。倘其人恶心欲作呕吐之状。方中宜
去甘草。又用干姜。不若多用生姜之为妥矣。
伤寒解后。虚羸少气。气逆欲吐者。竹叶石膏汤主之。（伤寒本是热病。热邪所耗。则精液销烁。元气亏损。故其人
必虚羸少气。气逆欲吐者。气虚不能消饮。胸中停蓄。故上逆而欲作吐也。与竹叶石膏汤。以调胃气。散热逆。愚按前
条是胃中虚寒证。此条是胃中虚热证。）
(This prescription is extracted from Volume 7 of the original *Shanghan Lun* and attached here.)
Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Zhigancao (Prepared Licorice Root), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Dried Zingiberis Rhizoma) (each above three liang).
The above four herbs. Pound and sieve into powder. Mix with honey to form pills, size equivalent to a chicken egg yolk. Take several he of boiling water, crush one pill and dissolve it in the water, take warm. Three doses per day, two doses at night.
Cheng Wuji stated in his *Minglun*: The Heart and Lung are located above the diaphragm and belong to Yang; the Kidney and Liver are located below the diaphragm and belong to Yin. These are the upper and lower zang organs. The Spleen and Stomach correspond to the Earth element and reside in the Central Region (Zhongzhou). Among the five zang organs, they are called the "Lone Organ"; within the Sanjiao, they belong to the Middle Jiao. Since the Middle Jiao governs independently within the Sanjiao, once dysfunction occurs, this pill treats it specifically, hence named Lizhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill). Renshen has a sweet taste and warm nature. The *Neijing* states: "The Spleen desires relaxation; urgently feed it with sweet substances to relax it." To soothe and benefit the Spleen, sweet substances must be primary; therefore, Renshen serves as the Sovereign herb. Baizhu has a sweet taste and warm nature. The *Neijing* states: "The Spleen dislikes dampness; sweetness overcomes dampness." To overcome dampness through sweetness and warm the middle through warmth, sweet substances must assist; therefore, Baizhu serves as the Minister herb. Gancao has a sweet taste and neutral nature. The *Neijing* states: "Of the five flavors, sweetness enters the Spleen first." When the Spleen is deficient, tonify it with sweet substances. To tonify the center and assist the Spleen, sweet agents must be used first; therefore, Gancao serves as the Assistant herb. Ganjiang has a pungent taste and hot nature. The Stomach prefers warmth and dislikes cold. If the Stomach is cold, the Middle Jiao fails to regulate itself. The *Neijing* states: "When cold prevails, level it with pungent and hot substances." To disperse cold and warm the Stomach, pungent agents must be used; therefore, Ganjiang serves as the Envoy herb. And so on. The *Neijing* states: "Heat is treated with cold; cold is treated with heat." This is what is meant.
Hu notes: The aforementioned commentary by Cheng Wuji on Lizhong Wan indicates it is a medicine for treating deficiency-cold of the Spleen and Stomach. If the Spleen and Stomach are deficient but not yet cold, then Ganjiang should be reduced; how much more so would one dare to add herbs like Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) or Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root)? If the Spleen and Stomach are cold but not yet deficient, then Renshen and Baizhu should be reduced. Physicians must understand this. Furthermore, regarding the aforementioned symptom of "frequent spitting," this refers to the expectoration of saliva/phlegm. If the patient exhibits nausea and a tendency to vomit, Gancao should be removed from the formula. Additionally, instead of using Ganjiang, it would be more appropriate to use Shengjiang (Fresh Zingiberis Rhizoma) in larger quantities.
After the resolution of Shanghan (Cold Damage), if there is emaciation, shortness of breath, and rebellious Qi leading to a desire to vomit, Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) is the primary treatment. (Shanghan is originally a heat disease. Heat pathogens consume fluids, causing the depletion of essence and fluids and the loss of Yuan Qi. Therefore, the patient inevitably suffers from emaciation and shortness of breath. Rebellious Qi and a desire to vomit occur because Qi deficiency prevents the transformation of fluids, leading to stagnation in the chest, which rebels upward causing a desire to vomit. Administer Zhuye Shigao Tang to regulate Stomach Qi, dissipate heat, and descend rebellious Qi. I note: The previous clause describes a deficiency-cold syndrome of the Stomach; this clause describes a deficiency-heat syndrome of the Stomach.)