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In Taiyang disease (Taiyang syndrome), with a floating pulse, this indicates heat at the exterior and cold at the interior; Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is the primary treatment.

In Shaoyin disease (Shaoyin syndrome), with diarrhea containing undigested food (clearing of uncooked grains), this indicates cold in the interior and false heat at the exterior, accompanied by cold extremities (Jue Ni), a faint pulse nearly imperceptible, yet the body does not feel aversion to cold, and the person's face appears red. Alternatively, there may be abdominal pain, dry retching, sore throat, or cessation of diarrhea with an unpalpable pulse. Tongmai Sini Tang (Pulse-Returning Four Reversals Decoction) is indicated. (Cheng Wuji notes: Vomiting and diarrhea deplete fluids, so urination should decrease. If urination becomes frequent and profuse sweating occurs, it indicates that fluids are uncontrolled and Yang Qi is severely deficient. A faint pulse signifies the impending extinction of Yang. Without the false heat at the exterior, only the internal cold of clearing uncooked grains would constitute a pure Yin syndrome. Because there is false heat at the exterior, it indicates that Yang has not completely perished, and Tongmai Sini Tang can still be used to rescue it.)

When there is simultaneous vomiting and diarrhea, frequent urination, profuse sweating, diarrhea with undigested food, internal cold with external false heat, and a faint pulse nearly imperceptible, Sini Tang (Four Reversals Decoction) is the primary treatment. (Cheng Wuji notes: Diarrhea with undigested food is due to internal cold; persistent body heat is false heat at the exterior. Sweating allows Yang Qi to circulate outward, so cold extremities should not occur. However, if sweating is accompanied by cold extremities, it indicates severe deficiency of Yang Qi, and Tongmai Sini Tang should be used to consolidate Yang Qi.)

With a floating and slow pulse, indicating heat at the exterior and cold at the interior, accompanied by diarrhea with undigested food, Tongmai Sini Tang (Pulse-Returning Four Reversals Decoction) is the primary treatment. (Cheng Wuji notes: A floating pulse indicates external heat; a slow pulse indicates internal cold. Diarrhea with undigested food indicates severe internal cold, so Sini Tang (Four Reversals Decoction) should be used to warm the interior and dispel cold.)

In cases of external heat and internal cold, although the pulse is deep and slow, with slightly cold extremities and diarrhea with undigested food, this is internal cold. Therefore, Yin syndromes can also present with fever; this is external heat. (Sini Tang (Four Reversals Decoction) or Tongmai Sini Tang (Pulse-Returning Four Reversals Decoction) may be used.)

In cases of external cold and internal heat, the pulse must be slippery, accompanied by cold extremities and a dry tongue. Therefore, in Shaoyin disease (Shaoyin syndrome), aversion to cold and curling up indicate external cold; frequent spontaneous irritability and dislike for heavy clothing indicate internal heat. (Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated.)

In Taiyang disease (Taiyang syndrome), with fever and aversion to cold, where heat predominates over cold, and the pulse is weak, this indicates "Wu Yang" (absence/deficiency of Yang). Sweating methods are contraindicated; Guizhi Er Yuebi Yi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Twice, Pueraria and Gypsum Decoction One Part) is appropriate. (Liu Shi states: If the pulse is slow, Xiaojianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction) with Huangqi (Astragalus Root) or warming methods should be used.)

After eight or nine days of Taiyang disease (Taiyang syndrome), resembling malaria with fever and aversion to cold, where heat predominates over cold, if the patient does not vomit, bowel movements and urination are relatively normal, and episodes occur two or three times a day with a slightly rapid pulse, this indicates the disease is about to resolve. If the pulse is faint and there is aversion to cold, this indicates deficiency of both Yin and Yang; sweating, purging, or emetic methods are contraindicated. If the face abnormally appears flushed, the disease has not yet resolved because slight sweating has not occurred to expel pathogens, leading to itching of the skin; Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang (Half Cinnamon Twig and Half Ephedra Decoction) is the primary treatment.

Zhao Yide carefully analyzed Zhang Zhongjing's treatise, noting that "heat predominates over cold" appears in only two patterns. In the aforementioned pattern, Zhang Zhongjing's intent was likely to use the sixteen characters "onset seven or eight days, resembling malaria, fever, aversion to cold, heat predominates over cold" as the description of symptoms from onset to the present, while the following text describes preventive measures for potential future changes. It should be divided into three sections. If the patient does not vomit, bowel movements and urination are normal, episodes occur two or three times a day, and the pulse is slightly rapid, this is a sign of impending resolution. This section describes a harmonious interior without pathology; a faint pulse indicates weak pathogens, and a rapid pulse indicates balanced Yin and Yang, signaling recovery without the need for sweating. If the pulse is faint and there is aversion to cold, this indicates deficiency of both Yin and Yang; sweating, purging, or emetic methods are contraindicated, and warming methods are appropriate. If the face abnormally appears flushed, the disease has not resolved because slight sweating has not occurred, causing itching; Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang (Half Cinnamon Twig and Half Ephedra Decoction) is required, and resolution depends on sweating. *Huo Ren Shu* (Book of Vitality) failed to understand the textual context, treating the nine characters "the patient does not vomit, bowel movements and urination are normal"—which belong to the resolving pattern—as another condition, and incorrectly applied Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang (Half Cinnamon Twig and Half Ephedra Decoction) to induce sweating. It omitted statements regarding contraindications for sweating, purging, and emesis, and the use of Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang (Half Cinnamon Twig and Half Ephedra Decoction), instead using diaphoretic drugs on a resolving pattern, which is erroneous. Regarding the second pattern, Zhang Zhongjing stated: "Taiyang disease, fever, aversion to cold, heat predominates over cold, weak pulse, loss of Yang, sweating is contraindicated, Guizhi Er Yuebi Yi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Twice, Pueraria and Gypsum Decoction One Part) is appropriate." *Huo Ren Shu* added the characters "du da" (very/severely) to "weak pulse," questioning whether Zhang Zhongjing's pulse description was deemed insufficient. Regarding the third pattern, "slow chi pulse," Zhang Zhongjing's original text did not mention "heat predominates over cold," but rather: "Floating-tight pulse suggests body pain, suitable for sweating. If the chi pulse is slow, sweating is contraindicated due to insufficient Ying Qi and blood deficiency." *Huo Ren Shu* merely cited "slow chi pulse, blood deficiency," arbitrarily added "cold less, heat more," and incorporated it into this discussion, which is incorrect. The case of a slow chi pulse should have been included in the chapter on contraindications for sweating.

Liu Shi pointed out that Zhang Zhongjing's work contains only the clause "heat predominates over cold," with no syndrome of "cold predominates over heat." Furthermore, if there is no irritability and no cold extremities, but the pulse is surprisingly floating and relaxed, this is Wind Injury (Shang Feng); Da Qinglong Tang (Major Green Dragon Decoction) or Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang (Half Cinnamon Twig and Half Ephedra Decoction) may be used.