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*The Xuan Cui* states: The general principle of treatment is indeed to distinguish between deficiency and excess based on whether blood is stagnant or lost, thereby applying tonification or purgation methods. However, one must also assess the severity of the injury. In mild cases, there is sprain or contusion, with stagnation of qi and blood causing pain; in such instances, it suffices to guide the qi and promote blood circulation. In severe cases involving tendon injury and bone fracture, if union is desired, recovery will not occur without several months. If blood stagnates internally, blocking the true qi from circulating, death is inevitable; urgently purging the blood and unblocking the qi are necessary before treatment can proceed. It further states: If excessive bleeding leads to dizziness and vertigo of the head and eyes, first administer Chuan Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Da Chuan Xiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong), decocted in water. Subsequently, add Bai Shao Yao (Radix Paeoniae Alba), Shu Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata), Xu Duan (Radix Dipsaci), Fang Feng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), Jing Jie (Herba Schizonepetae), Qiang Huo (Rhizoma Notopterygii), Du Huo (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis), and Nan Xing (Rhizoma Arisaematis). Decoct with Tong Bian (Child's Urine); wine should not be used. If bleeding is scant but blood stasis exists internally, use half the dosage of Sheng Liao Si Wu Tang (Raw Material Four Substances Decoction), combined with Du Sheng San (Single Hero Powder), decocted in water and administered. For injuries where the skin and flesh remain intact, add wine to the decoction before administration.

*The Ke Fa Liang Gui* states: In all cases of trauma, if cold water is mistakenly ingested, blood stasis will stagnate, the qi mechanism will become obstructed, or blood may rebel upward, often leading to death. If blood enters the heart, death occurs immediately; urgently drinking Tong Bian (Child's Urine) mixed with hot wine can harmonize the condition. If the condition is severe and blood stasis is difficult to dissipate, combine with acrid-warm formulas. When sleeping, elevate the upper body with pillows, wake the patient frequently, and prevent deep sleep, so that rebellious blood is less likely to ascend. Thus, patients with severe injuries often die because rebellious blood fills the chest cavity, or blocks the qi mechanism at the throat, mouth, and nose, preventing respiration.

*The Xuan Cui* states: For trauma, absolutely no cold-cooling herbs should be used, for blood coagulates when exposed to cold; consuming frozen drinks can cause blood to enter the heart, resulting in death. Only in cases of external trauma should internal and external treatments be combined. If there is no external injury but only internal dead blood (blood stasis), use herbs that treat blood, such as Su Mu (Lignum Sappan), and apply purgation if appropriate; Ji Ming San (Crowing Rooster Powder) is an example of such a formula.

*The Ke Fa Liang Gui* states: In all trauma cases, external application of substances like Xiao Shi (Natrii Sulfas) and Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) is generally contraindicated, as their cold nature may exacerbate the injury. If the patient is constitutionally deficient, even in midsummer, internal administration of salty-cold substances should be avoided. This is because stomach qi fails to generate when chilled, physiological functions weaken under cold, blood stasis cannot circulate due to cold, necrotic tissue does not ulcerate due to cold, and new tissue fails to grow due to cold. However, this rule does not apply if internal blood stasis requires unblocking agents.