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Yaoshan said: The diagrams of human bone dimensions are recorded in the texts of *Neijing* (Inner Canon) and *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot), which represent established standard lengths. However, since human bodies vary in height and build, the method of using the middle segment of the patient's own middle finger as one *cun* (inch) is adopted to ensure accurate measurement. Furthermore, for those with a long upper body and short lower body, or a large head and small feet, how should they be measured? For the upper body, measure the upper dimensions; for the lower body, measure the lower dimensions; straight parts are measured straight, and horizontal parts horizontally, ensuring no deviation from standards. Regarding the names of bones and their corresponding acupoints, there seem to be discrepancies among different sources. Now, by collating the records from various books, we have unified them into diagrams, with detailed annotations below each bone diagram, to facilitate reference and unify understanding. (Bone diagrams omitted)

Yaoshan said: According to the diagrams of Tongmu (a splint), Yaozhu (lumbar support), Shanli (cedar fence), Zhulian (bamboo curtain), and Baoxi (knee-hugging device), these are instruments for bone setting, assisting in successful treatment, and their diagrams are indispensable. As for Guolian (wrapping curtain), Pijian (shoulder cape), Pan suo (climbing rope), and Diezhuan (stacked bricks), their principles have been explained in detail later, so no diagrams are provided. The instruments for the upper limbs and their usage are all depicted within the diagrams of upper limb reduction techniques. Those who are wise will naturally integrate and master these methods, without need for tedious elaboration.

(Diagrams of Tongmu, its back and front usage, Yaozhu, its usage, Zhulian, Shanli, combined usage, Baoxi, and its usage are omitted)

Yaoshan said: Tracing the origin of medical practice, the ancients used acupuncture and herbal medicine to prevent internal pathogens from lingering and external pathogens from entering. In cases of trauma and fractures, reduction techniques are employed. While diagrams and theories for bone-setting instruments exist, descriptions of manual reduction techniques by specialists are rare, and never before have there been diagrams illustrating these methods in detail. I believe that in ancient times, images and texts were used side by side. Generally, describing objects and events requires evidence; relying on images helps clarify meaning. The importance of diagrams has long been recognized. Therefore, I commissioned skilled artists to draw fourteen diagrams of reduction techniques, capturing both form and spirit. Learners who study these carefully will naturally develop skills beyond the basic rules.

(Diagrams for treating chin dislocation, neck retraction, back protrusion, lumbar depression, shoulder dislocation, elbow dislocation, wrist dislocation, hip dislocation, knee dislocation, and ankle dislocation are omitted)

**Technique for Chin Dislocation using Hand Support:**
Double jaw dislocation makes speech difficult; unilateral dislocation causes uneven mouth corners. Have someone hold the head upright, preventing the face from drooping. Start by pressing with the thumb, then squeeze upwards. Distinguish between subluxation and dislocation, and use supporting methods to determine left or right direction.

**Technique for Neck Bone Retraction using Sweat Towel Lifting:**
When the cervical vertebrae retract inward, movement may still be possible on both sides. First, untie the hair braid. Use a cloth towel to lift from below. Ensure both shoulders are firmly grounded. Lift gently with both hands together. Do not rush; remain calm and composed.

**Technique for Back Bone Protrusion using Hand Lifting:**
Protruding dorsal vertebrae cause hunchback posture resembling a shrimp. The vertebral joints must be misaligned, and spinal muscles likely swollen. Place hands high above, while the patient's feet are lifted off the ground. Press the bones and tendons flat. Proper bandaging is essential for success.

**Technique for Lumbar Bone Depression using Pillow Cushioning:**
Depressed lumbar vertebrae result from torn ligaments. The patient lies prone on a bench, with the spine convex. Position the cushioning device properly. Apply manual pressure and kneading. Treat the waist and back uniformly, avoiding critical vital segments.

**Shoulder Reduction using Bilateral Pulling:**
For scapular joint dislocation where beard stroking is impossible, embrace the chest firmly. Pull both sides simultaneously. The bone returns to the glenoid cavity. Arm movement becomes flexible up and down. No splints or bindings are needed; rely entirely on applying medicated plaster.

**Shoulder Reduction using Shoulder Bracing:**
A clever and swift method for shoulder dislocation allows a single person to perform it. Grasp the arm first, fill the axilla with the shoulder. Rise slowly. The bone is restored and healed. Do not underestimate this ease; the secret technique is not shared lightly.

**Elbow Reduction using Manual Flipping and Supporting:**
The olecranon process, commonly called the "hand prop," is displaced due to strain. Ligaments are lax, and bones misaligned. Following blows or falls, bones and tendons lean askew. Pull, push, flip, and support. Tendons relax, and bones level out.

**Elbow Reduction using Foot Bracing:**
Displaced elbow joint causes distress. Step with the foot under the armpit, guiding the hand towards the arm. Pull with hands while bracing with feet. Bones level, tendons extend. Massage without pain, ensuring symmetry with the other elbow.

**Wrist Reduction using Pinching and Insertion:**
The carpal bones are flexed and curved, resembling dragons swallowing tigers. Palm faces forward, then lifts upward with supination. Finger backs turn posteriorly, palms press downward. All movements require traction. This subtle method comes from secret knowledge.

**Hip Reduction using Manual Traction:**
The major joint of the body is the Huantiao point area. The hip socket resembles a bowl, the femur like a thumb segment. Horse-riding falls cause limping. Hold firmly to prevent movement. Traction reduces the dislocation; prevent further injury.

**Hip Reduction using Rope Suspension:**
For femoral dislocation, suspension is the best method. Hang the leg high. Adjust manually. Upon hearing a click, the joint is reduced. Leg alignment eliminates symptoms. Apply plaster and take herbs. Avoid overexertion during recovery.

**Hip Reduction using Foot Bracing:**
How to brace with feet? Two people lie facing each other with feet touching. One steps on the buttocks, holding the shin and tarsus. Hands leverage body weight for speed; feet utilize leg strength. Listen quietly for an internal click; the injury is then resolved safely.

**Kneecap Reduction using Pushing and Grasping:**
The patella is a mobile bone. Sun Bin suffered amputation of his knees. Displacement from its nest causes trouble; exiting the socket creates a cavity. It can deviate left, right, up, or down. Push and grasp to return it to place. Proceed slowly, do not rush.

**Ankle Reduction using Manipulation:**
Above the tarsus, known as the malleolus. If medially convex and laterally twisted, pull laterally inward. Ensure no lateral deviation. Avoid vertical displacement. Use pulling, dragging, and pinching. This method is called "Nuo" (shifting).