近世治儿科医学人,莫不以落地之始为起点,故论证述治,恒始于初生以迄于童年,其调护养育之
法亦然,抑若保婴之道,能就生后加以注意,则婴孩无不茁壮,比长亦无不坚强者。虽然,
婴孩生活之起点,非起于出生之后,乃起于成胎之时也,当其胚胞始萌,即为灵气已种,逐日长大,无时
不受母气之感应,感应良好者,其胎必良,感应恶劣者,其胎必劣。当其种胎之时,父
母体气之是否适合,父母身体之有无缺陷,亦均传之于胎儿,甚而至于声音笑貌之微,亦莫不寄焉。凡兹影
响所及,感之深者或为一成而不变,感之浅者或可潜移而默化。由此观之,生后之性
情,生后之健康以及生后之模型,殆莫不出于胎中之时期,茁壮坚强,亦非仅生后尽力所能致也。故欲求保
婴之法,追本寻源,必以胚胞之期为始,则治儿科医学人,固当进一步为起点也,本
书所述胎中教养之法,悉本于实验及真理,以此为起点,亦即以此为造成良好婴孩之基础。至于培养体
力,弥补缺陷,养精蓄锐,善求佳种,是则属于优生学之范围,本书不复赘矣。
一、戒淫欲
天地之大德曰生,生生不息,以成斯世界,故春情之萌动,男女之好逑,根于天赋,本诸有生也,
是谓之生殖性,亦属之性欲。惟此种性欲,既为蕃衍计而不可无,然亦不可不节,不节则
非但足以戕自己之生,抑且足以害儿女之生,天既赋人以性欲而不能预为之限,是故圣人体天之心,制成
礼教,谆谆言夫妇之别,男女之防,固不仅为风俗计,亦所以为生殖计也。查妇人受胎
以后,最好与夫分寝,独眠寡欲,则所生子女,必聪慧易育。至于不戒淫欲之害,举其荦荦大者,约有数端∶
一曰易于流产,孕妇身体有强有弱,胎元有固有不固,若恣情放纵,则初成之胎,
弱者恒因受冲刺而流产,强者或亦有孕后漏红之患,胎元一经受伤,即能生子,亦非十全十美矣。二曰易于
多病,孕妇多欲,非但有害于己身,抑且使子女多生胎毒,多生疮疖,而痧痘等症,
亦易较寻常为甚。三曰害其性情,孕妇若能寡欲,胎儿禀赋既良,将来性情必能温和,否则性情恒易流于
暴躁,欲念恒易炽于常人。至于戒淫欲一端,就表面观之,似仅对淫欲之事实言,然
意淫之害,虽无事实,亦正相同,盖子母之间,感应之力最大,
母有妄念,儿即感之,是以妇女孕期,须重胎教,节欲之法,首当正其理念,毋使心有妄动,是为最善也。
二、养性情
阳刚阴柔,妇女之性情,贵乎温和柔婉,矧当受胎之时,其性情之感应于胎儿者尤大,可不慎哉!然
考妇女受胎以后,常因胎气之影响,较平时易于动怒,或任情已惯者,以为身怀六甲,乃
妇女大事,公婆丈夫,皆应以另眼相看,因之每每使性多怒者亦有之。不知怒易伤肝,直接有害于己身,间
接有害于胎儿。故因胎气易怒者,虽不克涵养,亦宜强自抑制,必要时更宜延医服
药。至于使性则万万不可,须知妇女生产,乃妇女之义务,亦世间之常事也。妇女固莫不望其所生子女,
个个良好,则怡养性情,乃可操券,否则得有恶劣之遗传性,将来改变为难矣。是以妇女
孕期,须重胎教,不但动怒宜戒,他如哀乐之发,亦不可失之过度。总之,七情虽有不能免,然必求
其中乎节,则子女将来,当能性情温良,聪慧易育也。
三、慎起居
起居饮食,人人所宜谨慎,妇女怀有身孕,尤不可不特加注意。盖二者对于孕妇及胎儿之康健,关系亦
殊巨也。夫母病则子亦病,母健则子亦健,孕妇患大热之证,往往因热而胎元损坏,以
致流产;孕妇患虚寒之证,往往因寒而胎元不固,以致流产。且所食之物,更宜和平而其中富有滋养者方
合,否则炙爆煎炒,腥鲜异味,久尝皆足使胎儿血分不洁,热毒蕴结,生后多病。昔贤
言孕妇所宜注意者,有夏不居楼,宜着地气,夜不露坐,宜暖背腹,不可升高,恐其倾跌,不可举物,恐其
伤胎,戒食生冷,恐伤其脾,戒食煎炙,恐伤其胃,茶酒之类,亦不宜过饮。至于饮食之宜以时而进,动定
之宜劳逸均平,皆足以养成胎儿良好之习惯。是以妇女孕期,须重胎教,谨慎起居,亦一要事也。
《大生要旨》言孕妇不可洗头,不可浴身,一切宰杀凶恶之事不宜看,龟蛇怪异诸物不可见,总言以确
守礼记,非礼勿视,非礼勿听,非礼勿言,非礼勿动,此胎教之上乘也。至于孕妇宜
食之物,青菜鲜果最相宜,其他有莲心、松子、熟藕、山药、芡实、鲫鱼、童鸡、童鸭、鲈鱼、海参、猪脂
、猪腰、猪肺、麻油、淡菜、笋之类,昔人亦谓其颇适于孕妇。若谓不可食蛙,生
子令哑,不可食蟹,横生倒产,不可食雀,令子多淫,虽未可尽信,要亦不可不信,盖诸物总有不宜之处也。
四、新胎教
妇女怀孕之后,不可过于安逸,宜为轻便之习劳,常常散步,常常操作,即可养成子女将来耐劳之天性。
于春秋佳日,可旅行山水优秀之地,以开拓其胸襟而涤除其俗意,则子女将来,多可秀外慧中,此外,交结
益友,多看有益书籍,谈正当之事业,生高超之思想,则子女将来自当恶居下流而时时习上。闺房
之中,最好有美术之布置,室中悬挂历代英雄肖像,或美女图画,使孕妇眼光所触无非英雄美人,心中所念
亦无非英雄美人,
则子女将来自可头角峥嵘,别具英爽之风。而此期夫妇,更宜融融和好而不流于淫,能如是者,将来子女天
性之纯洁,容貌之清秀,必有胜人一筹者可以预期也。
Modern practitioners of pediatrics invariably take the moment of birth as the starting point. Therefore, discussions on pathology and treatment always begin from infancy through childhood, and methods of care and nurturing follow the same pattern. It seems to imply that if attention is paid to the infant after birth, there will be no child who does not grow robust, and none who does not become strong upon reaching adulthood. Nevertheless, the starting point of an infant's life does not begin after birth, but rather at the time of conception. When the embryo first begins to sprout, spiritual potential is already implanted. As it grows day by day, it is constantly receiving influences from the mother's Qi (vital energy). If these influences are favorable, the fetus will be excellent; if unfavorable, the fetus will be inferior. At the time of conception, whether the parents' bodily Qi is suitable, and whether the parents have physical defects, are all transmitted to the fetus. Even subtle aspects such as voice and facial expressions are entrusted to the offspring. All these influences, whether deeply felt or lightly perceived, can either become permanent traits or subtly transform the individual. From this perspective, postnatal temperament, health, and physical model almost all originate from the prenatal period. Robust growth and strength cannot be achieved solely through efforts made after birth. Thus, to seek methods for protecting infants, one must trace back to the source and start with the embryonic period. Practitioners of pediatrics should indeed advance their starting point further. The prenatal education and nurturing methods described in this book are based entirely on experiments and truth. Using this as a starting point is also using it as the foundation for creating good infants. Aspects such as cultivating physical strength,弥补ing defects, conserving essence and accumulating vitality, and seeking good genetic stock belong to the realm of eugenics and will not be elaborated here.
1. Abstain from Sexual Indulgence
The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is life. Life continues endlessly, thereby creating this world. Thus, the stirring of spring emotions and the union of men and women are rooted in natural endowment and the instinct of life. This is called reproductive nature, which also belongs to sexual desire. Although this sexual desire is indispensable for procreation, it must not be unregulated. Unregulated desire not only harms one's own life but also endangers the lives of children. Since Heaven endowed humans with sexual desire without setting pre-defined limits, sages, embodying the heart of Heaven, established rituals and ethics. They earnestly taught the distinction between husband and wife and the precautions between men and women. This was not merely for the sake of social customs but also for the sake of reproduction. It is noted that after a woman conceives, it is best for her to sleep separately from her husband, maintaining solitude and abstinence. In this way, the children born will surely be intelligent and easy to raise. Regarding the harms of not abstaining from sexual indulgence, the major points include: First, susceptibility to miscarriage. Pregnant women vary in physical strength, and fetal roots vary in stability. If desires are indulged freely, newly formed fetuses may miscarry due to stimulation, or even strong fetuses may suffer from spotting during pregnancy. Once the fetal root is injured, even if the child is born, it will not be perfect. Second, susceptibility to illness. Excessive desire in pregnant women harms not only themselves but also causes children to develop fetal toxins, boils, and sores, making diseases like smallpox more severe than usual. Third, damage to temperament. If a pregnant woman maintains abstinence, the fetus receives good endowments, and its future temperament will likely be gentle. Otherwise, the temperament may tend toward irritability, and desires may burn more fiercely than in ordinary people. Regarding the abstention from sexual indulgence, superficially it seems to refer only to factual acts of lust. However, the harm of mental lust, though lacking factual behavior, is exactly the same. This is because the power of resonance between mother and child is greatest; if the mother has delusional thoughts, the child senses them. Therefore, during pregnancy, women must emphasize prenatal education. The method of restraining desire begins with correcting one's mindset, ensuring the mind does not wander into delusion, which is the best approach.
2. Nurture Temperament
Yang is firm, Yin is soft. A woman's temperament should value gentleness and flexibility. Especially at the time of conception, the influence of her temperament on the fetus is particularly significant; how can one not be cautious? Upon investigation, after conception, women often become more prone to anger due to the influence of fetal Qi compared to normal times. Those accustomed to acting on impulse may believe that being pregnant is a major event for women, deserving special treatment from parents-in-law and husbands, leading some to frequently fly into rages. One must know that anger easily damages the Liver, directly harming oneself and indirectly harming the fetus. Therefore, those prone to anger due to pregnancy should strive to suppress it, even if they lack self-cultivation, and should consult a doctor for medication when necessary. Throwing tantrums is absolutely unacceptable. Childbirth is a woman's duty and a common occurrence in the world. Women naturally hope their children are excellent. Nurturing one's temperament ensures success; otherwise, inheriting bad temperaments makes future correction difficult. Thus, during pregnancy, women must emphasize prenatal education. Not only anger should be avoided, but also excessive expressions of sorrow or joy. In short, although the Seven Emotions cannot be completely eliminated, they must be kept within moderation. Then, the children will likely have gentle and kind temperaments, be intelligent, and be easy to raise.
3. Be Cautious in Daily Life
Daily routine and diet require caution for everyone, especially for pregnant women. These two factors have a significant relationship with the health of both the mother and the fetus. If the mother is ill, the child is ill; if the mother is healthy, the child is healthy. If a pregnant woman suffers from high fever syndromes, the heat may damage the fetal root, leading to miscarriage. If she suffers from deficiency-cold syndromes, the cold may destabilize the fetal root, also leading to miscarriage. Furthermore, food should be mild and nutritious. Otherwise, frequent consumption of roasted, fried, greasy, or strongly flavored foods can make the fetal blood impure, causing heat and toxins to accumulate, resulting in frequent illnesses after birth. Ancient sages advised pregnant women to avoid living on upper floors in summer to better connect with earth Qi, avoid sitting outdoors at night to keep the back and abdomen warm, avoid climbing heights for fear of falling, avoid lifting heavy objects for fear of injuring the fetus, avoid raw and cold foods for fear of damaging the Spleen, avoid fried foods for fear of damaging the Stomach, and limit the intake of tea and alcohol. Eating according to proper timing and balancing work and rest sufficiently cultivate good habits in the fetus. Therefore, emphasizing prenatal education, cautious daily living is a key matter. *Da Sheng Yao Zhi* states that pregnant women should not wash their hair or bathe, should not watch scenes of slaughter or violence, and should not see strange creatures like turtles or snakes. Ultimately, one must strictly observe the *Book of Rites*: do not look at what is contrary to propriety, do not listen to what is contrary to propriety, do not speak what is contrary to propriety, and do not act contrary to propriety. This is the highest level of prenatal education. Foods suitable for pregnant women include fresh vegetables and fruits. Others include lotus seeds, pine nuts, cooked lotus root, Chinese yam, Euryale seed, crucian carp, young chicken, young duck, perch, sea cucumber, pork lard, pork kidney, pig lung, sesame oil, dried mussels, and bamboo shoots, which ancient people also considered suitable. While claims such as "eating frog makes the child mute," "eating crab causes breech presentation," and "eating sparrow leads to promiscuity" may not be entirely credible, they should not be dismissed outright, as these foods do have unsuitable aspects.
4. Modern Prenatal Education
After pregnancy, women should not be too idle. Light labor, such as regular walking and handling light tasks, can cultivate the child's innate ability to endure hardship later in life. On beautiful days in spring and autumn, traveling to scenic areas can broaden the mind and cleanse worldly thoughts, leading to children who are elegant outside and wise inside. Additionally, associating with beneficial friends, reading useful books, discussing proper careers, and fostering lofty thoughts will cause children to naturally reject lowliness and aspire to excellence. The home should ideally be decorated artistically, with portraits of historical heroes or beautiful women hanging in the room. If the pregnant woman sees nothing but heroes and beauties, and thinks nothing but heroes and beauties, her children will naturally stand out with distinctive heroic spirits. During this period, the couple should live in harmony without falling into licentiousness. Those who can achieve this can expect their children to have pure natures and exquisite appearances, surpassing others.