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Fifty-seventh Difficulty asks: How many types of diarrhea are there in total, and do they all have names? The answer is: There are five types of diarrhea in total, and their names differ. They are Wei (Stomach) Diarrhea, Pi (Spleen) Diarrhea, Dachang (Large Intestine) Diarrhea, Xiaochang (Small Intestine) Diarrhea, and Dajia Xie (Major Mass Diarrhea), also known as Tenesmus.

The symptoms of Wei (Stomach) Diarrhea are: undigested food in stool, with yellow color.
The symptoms of Pi (Spleen) Diarrhea are: abdominal distension and fullness, watery diarrhea flowing like a stream, and vomiting or regurgitation immediately after eating.
The symptoms of Dachang (Large Intestine) Diarrhea are: urgency and distress after eating, white-colored stool, loud borborygmus, and severe cutting pain.
The symptoms of Xiaochang (Small Intestine) Diarrhea are: passing pus and blood in the stool during urination, and pain in the lower abdomen.
The symptoms of Dajia Xie (Major Mass Diarrhea) are: internal urgency with tenesmus, frequent trips to the toilet but inability to defecate, and pain in the urethra. These are the key characteristics of the five types of diarrhea.

Fifty-eighth Difficulty asks: How many categories of Shanghan (Cold Damage) are there? Do their pulse presentations change? The answer is: Shanghan (Cold Damage) comprises five categories: Zhongfeng (Wind Strike), Shanghan (Cold Damage - narrow sense), Shiwen (Damp-Warmth), Rebing (Heat Disease), and Wenbing (Warm Disease). Their respective symptomatic sufferings differ.

The pulse of Zhongfeng (Wind Strike) is floating and slippery at the Yang position (Cun/Inch), and soggy and weak at the Yin position (Chi/Cubit); the pulse of Shiwen (Damp-Warmth) is floating and weak at the Yang position, and small and rapid at the Yin position; the pulse of Shanghan (Cold Damage - narrow sense) is both abundant and tight-choppy at the Yin and Yang positions; the pulse of Rebing (Heat Disease) is floating at both Yin and Yang positions, slippery upon superficial palpation, and scattered-choppy upon deep palpation; the pulse of Wenbing (Warm Disease) circulates through various meridians, making it difficult to determine which meridian is affected; diagnosis should be based on the specific meridian involved.

In Shanghan (Cold Damage), some cases recover after sweating, while others die after purgation; some cases die after sweating, while others recover after purgation. Why is this so? The answer is: In cases of Yang deficiency and Yin excess, sweating leads to recovery, whereas purgation leads to death; in cases of Yang excess and Yin deficiency, sweating leads to death, whereas purgation leads to recovery.

How should cold-heat diseases be diagnosed? The answer is: For Pi Hanre (Skin Cold-Heat), the skin cannot tolerate contact with mats, hair becomes brittle, the nose dries up, and there is no sweat; for Ji Hanre (Muscle Cold-Heat), the skin is painful, lips and tongue become dry, and there is no sweat; for Gu Hanre (Bone Cold-Heat), the patient feels restless and unable to find comfort, sweats profusely without stopping, and the roots of the teeth become dry and painful.

Fifty-ninth Difficulty asks: How can Kuang (Mania) and Dian (Epilepsy/Melancholia) be distinguished? The answer is: At the onset of Kuang disease (Mania), the patient sleeps little, feels no hunger, considers themselves superior and virtuous, claims to be wise and intelligent, acts arrogantly, laughs foolishly, enjoys singing and music, and engages in incessant erratic behavior. At the onset of Dian disease (Epilepsy/Melancholia), the patient feels unhappy, suddenly collapses with fixed gaze, and the pulses at the three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi) and Yin-Yang levels are both abundant.