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(Continued from previous text) If the Qi returns, distension occurs in the lower Jiao (Lower Burner), thus the movement of Qi is obstructed. (This is because fear damages the Kidney, causing Essence to retreat; "retreat" means declining and failing to transport upwards. When the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner) is closed, the path for ascending is lost, and Qi returns and sinks downward. Since Qi moves normally by ascending, sinking prevents its proper movement). Cold causes the Cou Li (skin pores and interstitial spaces) to close and Qi movement to be hindered, thus Qi contracts. (Cold binds the exterior, making the Cou Li dense, preventing Yang Qi from unblocking, leading to freezing and contraction). Heat causes the Cou Li to open, Ying and Wei Qi (Nutritive and Defensive Qi) to flow freely, and sweat to pour out profusely, thus Qi leaks out. ("Jiong" means heat; like summer following summer's command, the Cou Li opens, and Qi scatters with sweat, hence called Qi leakage). Fright causes the Heart to have no support, Shen (Spirit) to have no return, and thoughts to have no stability, thus Qi becomes chaotic. (Sudden fright causes the Spirit to wander and move restlessly; if the ruler is unclear, chaos ensues in the world, which is the essence of chaotic Qi). Excessive labor causes panting and sweating, with Qi escaping both internally and externally, thus Qi is exhausted. (Overexertion leads to fatigue and agitated Qi; internally it rushes to the Lung causing panting, externally it reaches the surface causing sweating. Hence, Qi escapes internally and externally, and is naturally exhausted). Overthinking causes the Heart to retain focus and Shen to gather, causing Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) to stagnate and not move, thus Qi knots. (Thinking concentrates will and gathers spirit, causing Qi to stay and not disperse, hence named knotting).

The *Feng Lun* (Treatise on Wind) states: Wind is agile and changes frequently. When the Cou Li are open, one feels chilly; when closed, one feels feverish and stifled. (Wind belongs to Yang and is active, hence agile and changeable). Its cold manifestation reduces appetite; its heat manifestation consumes muscle, causing shivering and inability to eat. (Cold impairs Stomach Qi transportation, reducing food intake. Heat consumes fluids and nourishment, causing emaciation. "Li" refers to shivering).

When wind Qi enters the Stomach along the Yangming channel, traveling up to the inner canthus: if the person is obese, wind cannot dissipate outward, resulting in "Re Zhong" (Internal Heat) with yellow eyes; if thin, wind dissipates easily but brings cold, resulting in "Han Zhong" (Internal Cold) with tearing. (Wind enters the Stomach; the Stomach channel ascends to connect with the eyes. Obese people have dense Cou Li, trapping pathogens, causing internal heat and yellow eyes. Thin people have loose Cou Li, allowing pathogens to escape but bringing cold, causing internal cold and tearing). When wind enters with the Taiyang channel, circulating through various Shu points and dispersing between the muscles, interfering with Wei Qi, blocking its pathway, it causes muscle swelling and sores; if Wei Qi coagulates and fails to move, the flesh becomes insensible. (The Shu points of the Zang-Fu organs attach to the back. Wind entering via Taiyang travels through these points to the muscles. Muscles are where Wei Qi circulates. Wei Qi travels through Yang channels during the day, starting with Taiyang. Wind clashes with Wei Qi, causing obstruction. Wind coagulation leads to swelling and sores. Wei Qi blocked by wind causes numbness). Leprosy (Li Feng) involves hot Ying Qi and turbid Qi, causing collapse of the nasal bridge, sallow complexion, and skin ulcers. When wind-cold lodges in the vessels and does not depart, it is called Leprosy. (Wind-cold in blood vessels heats Ying Qi and causes ulceration. Qi is governed by the Lung; turbidity impairs Metal transformation. The nose and skin/hair are governed by the Lung; thus nasal collapse and sallow complexion indicate dry skin/hair. The *Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun* states wind in pulses can become leprosy. "Li" means evil).

Wind entering the Shu points of the Zang-Fu organs becomes Wind of the Zang-Fu. Entering through their respective gates, it causes Pi Feng (Hemiplegia/Asymmetrical Wind). (Wind enters Zang-Fu Shu points, striking asymmetrically, causing hemiplegia). Wind ascending along the Fengfu point causes Nao Feng (Brain Wind). (Fengfu is an acupoint of the Du Meridian). Wind entering the head meridians causes Mu Feng (Eye Wind) and cold eyes. (Taiyang meridian starts at the inner canthus, hence eye wind and cold). Wind after drinking alcohol causes Lou Feng (Leaking Wind). (Alcohol is warm and dispersing, opening Xuan Fu [pores]; drunkenness makes one susceptible to wind. "Lou" implies leaking sweat with wind lodging). Wind after sexual activity with sweating causes Nei Feng (Internal Wind). (Internal depletion of Essence and external opening of Cou Li allow wind to invade vacuity, named Internal Wind). Wind after washing hair causes Shou Feng (Head Wind). Long-standing wind entering inward causes Chang Feng (Intestinal Wind) and Sun Xie (Undigested Food Diarrhea). (Wind lingers and enters intestines/stomach. Heat causes intestinal bleeding; cold causes diarrhea with undigested food). Wind lodging in the Cou Li causes Xie Feng (Escaping Wind). (Occasional sweating allows wind to lodge in Cou Li, named Escaping Wind). Thus, wind is the leader of wind diseases; its variations become other diseases without fixed forms, yet all originate from wind. ("Zhang" means beginning. The *Gu Kong Lun* says wind is the start of hundred diseases. Wind enters shallowly then deeply, varying into other diseases, hence leader. "Wu Chang Fang" means wind disease changes without fixed form, but originates from wind).

The *Ping Re Bing Lun* (Treatise on Evaluating Heat Diseases) states: Wherever evil gathers, Qi must be deficient. (If Yuan Qi is abundant, disease cannot enter. Qi deficiency fails to defend the exterior and secure Xuan Fu, allowing wind evil to lodge).

The *Jue Lun* (Treatise on Jue) states: Yang Qi deficiency in the lower part causes Han Jue (Cold Jue); Yin Qi deficiency in the lower part causes Re Jue (Heat Jue). ("Jue" sounds like "Ni", meaning counterflow. Lower Qi counters upward, causing sudden dizziness, collapse, and unconsciousness. Mild cases recover gradually; severe cases die instantly. Deficiency of Yin/Yang Qi below generates cold/heat Jue). The anterior yin is the gathering place of Zong Jin (Major Sinews), where Taiyin and Yangming merge. (Zong Jin gathers many sinews; foot Three Yin, Yangming, Shaoyang, plus Chong, Ren, Du, Qiao meridians converge here. Mentioning Taiyin/Yangming emphasizes Water-Grain organs. Stomach is the Sea of Water-Grain, moistening Zong Jin. It is the meeting of Yin/Yang Zong Jin, converging at Qichuang, led by Yangming). In Spring/Summer, Yang Qi is abundant and Yin scarce; in Autumn/Winter, Yin is abundant and Yang scarce. A robust person who overuses themselves (sexual excess) in Autumn/Winter violates the seasonal storage. Lower Qi contends upward but cannot recover; Essence overflows downward, and evil Qi follows upward. (Autumn/Winter is time of storage. Relying on robustness for sex violates this, depleting resources. Essence depleted below forces upward contention to seek Mother Qi. Kidney loss is excessive, Lung production insufficient, hence no recovery. Insufficiency leads to further Essence loss, Yang deficiency, Yin evil dominance, and counterflow of Cold Qi). Qi originates from the Middle (Upper Lung governs Qi, Lower Kidney grasps Qi; both derive from Grain Qi. Water-Grain in Stomach, Earth in Center, hence Qi originates from Middle). Yang Qi deficiency cannot permeate and nourish collaterals; Yang declines daily, Yin remains alone, causing cold hands and feet. (Limbs receive Qi from Stomach. Stomach Yang deficiency fails to fill collaterals; Yang defeat leads to Yin dominance, causing cold extremities).

Wine enters the Stomach, filling Luo Mai (Collateral Vessels) while emptying Jing Mai (Main Vessels). (Jing Mai are deep/internal/Yin. Luo Mai are superficial/external/Yang. Wine is fermented grain liquid, fierce Qi, Yang nature, thus fills Luo first. Wine heat injures Yin, so Yang vessels full, Yin vessels empty). Spleen transports fluids for Stomach. Yin deficiency allows Yang to enter; Yang entry causes Stomach disharmony; Stomach disharmony exhausts Jing Qi; Jing Qi exhaustion fails to nourish four limbs. (Stomach receives food, Spleen transports fluids. Damp-heat injures Spleen, causing Yin deficiency/Yang hyperactivity, Stomach disharmony, exhaustion of Grain Essence, unable to nourish limbs). Such persons often drink heavily or eat full before sex. Qi gathers in Spleen, unable to disperse. Wine and Grain Qi clash, heat surges in Middle, spreading heat throughout body, internal heat, and red urine. Wine Qi is strong and fierce, daily declining Kidney Qi, leaving Yang dominant, causing hot hands and feet. (Drunk/full then sex injures Spleen/Kidney. Yin depletes, Yang hyperacts, causing hot extremities. Note: Jue has cold/heat types, rooted in wine/sex. Prudent diet and avoiding sex prevent Jue).

The *Ci Re Pian* (Chapter on Acupuncture for Heat) states: Liver Heat Disease shows redness on left cheek first; Heart Heat Disease on forehead first; Spleen Heat Disease on nose first; Lung Heat Disease on right cheek first; Kidney Heat Disease on chin/jaw first. (Liver corresponds East/left cheek; Heart South/forehead; Spleen Center/nose; Lung West/right cheek; Kidney North/chin).

In *Re Lun* (Treatise on Heat), Emperor asked: Why do heat diseases, all types of Shang Han (Cold Damage), die within 6-7 days and recover after 10+ days? (Shang Han is winter cold. Winter is Zheng Shang Han; Spring becomes Wen Bing (Warm Disease); Summer becomes Re Bing (Heat Disease). No Autumn "Liang Bing" because Taiyang Cold Water is overcome by Changxia Earth). Qibo answered: Ju Yang (Great Yang/Taiyang) belongs to all Yang. Its pulse connects to Fengfu, making it master of Yang Qi. Injury by cold causes heat disease; even high heat doesn't kill (Cold trapped internally closes skin, causing heat; cold dispersal cures it). However, Liang Gan Yu Han (Dual Sensation by Cold) is fatal. (Dual sensation: Day 1 Taiyang/Shaoyin - Bladder headache, Kidney dry mouth/fullness; Day 2 Yangming/Taiyin - Stomach fever/delirium, Spleen limb fullness/anorexia; Day 3 Shaoyang/Jueyin - Shaoyang deafness, Jueyin scrotal contraction. Transmission completes in 3 days; death follows in next 3).

Day 1 Shang Han affects Taiyang: head/neck pain, stiff waist/spine. (Taiyang is exterior of Three Yang, connects Fengfu. Path starts here. Channel runs head/neck, down shoulder, spine, waist). Day 2 affects Yangming: Yangming governs flesh, channel circles nose/connects eyes. Fever, eye pain, dry nose, insomnia. (Stomach disharmony causes restless sleep). Day 3 affects Shaoyang: Shaoyang governs Gallbladder, channel follows costal region/connects ears. Hypochondriac pain, deafness. (Path transmitted to Shaoyang completes Three Yang, heading to Taiyin. Half-exterior/Half-interior: Yin=cold, Yang=heat, thus alternating chills/fever). If Three Yang channels are diseased but not entered Zang, sweating can cure. (Three Yang are exterior/Fu, treatable by sweating. Not entering Zang means deep invasion precludes simple sweating). Day 4 affects Taiyin: Taiyin channel spreads in Stomach/connects throat. Abdominal fullness, dry throat. (Path missed sweating in Three Yang transmits to Three Yin, starting Taiyin). Day 5 affects Shaoyin: Shaoyin channel pierces Kidney, connects Lung, ties tongue root. Dry mouth/tongue, thirst. (Kidney is Water, heat consumes it, causing dryness/thirst). Day 6 affects Jueyin: Jueyin channel circles genitalia, connects Liver. Irritability, fullness, scrotal retraction. (Transmission to Jueyin completes Six Channels; extreme heat causes irritability). If Three Yin/Yang, Five Zang/Six Fu are diseased, Ying/Wei stop, Five Zang block, death ensues. (Six Channels complete, pathogen unresolved, Zang-Fu diseased. Qi/Blood exhausted, Ying/Wei stagnant, Zang meridians blocked, death inevitable).

If less than 3 days, sweat to cure. If more than 3 days, purge to cure. ("Yi" means cured. <3 days, pathogen in exterior, sweat cures. >3 days, pathogen in interior, purge cures. General rule. Many days + floating pulse/Taiyang signs = sweat. Few days + deep pulse/Taiyin signs = purge. Crucial method).

*Mai Lun*: Emperor asked: Dan Mai (Crimson Malaria) arises from wind; why timed attacks? (Autumn malaria called Dan Mai, arising from wind, general term). Qibo answered: Malaria starts with goosebumps, yawning, then chills/shivering jaw quivering, waist/spine pain. Cold passes, internal/external heat, splitting headache, thirst for cold drinks. ... Yin/Yang contend above/below, emptiness/fullness alternate, Yin/Yang shift. (Yang ascends, Yin descends. Evil triggers contention. Yang def=exterior cold, Yin def=internal heat, Yang excess=exterior heat, Yin excess=interior cold. Evil in Yin=Yin full/Yang def; Evil in Yang=Yang full/Yin def. Hence alternation/shift). Yang merging into Yin makes Yin full/Yang def. Yangming def causes chills/jaw quivering. (Yangming def leads to Yin full/cold. Pulse goes to cheeks, hence quivering). Ju Yang def causes waist/back/head/neck pain. Three Yang def leads to Yin dominance, bone cold/pain. (*Zhong Shi* chapter: Pain is Yin, Yin excess causes head/bone pain). Cold generated internally causes internal/external cold. Yang excess causes exterior heat, Yin def causes internal heat. Both hot causes panting/thirst, desire for cold drinks. (Evil in Yang = internal/external heat. Panting/thirst/cold drink desire). These result from Summer heat injury. Heat was vigorous, stored in skin interior/gut exterior, where Ying Qi resides. (Summer sweat release. If chilled by water/wind/cooling, heat cannot vent, evil lodges in Ying). This causes sparse sweat, open Cou Li. (Shows wind evil easily lodges). Then Autumn Qi arrives, sweat meets wind, or bathing, water qi lodges in skin with Wei Qi. (Summer evil latent, Autumn wind collects it, bath water triggers malaria). Wei Qi travels Yang by day, Yin by night. This Qi exits with Yang, penetrates with Yin. External/internal clash causes daily attacks. (Wei Qi circles body once daily. Evil shares Wei Qi location/movement, hence daily malaria. Shallow Wei evil, easy to treat).

If evil lodges deep, penetrates Yin, Yang Qi alone erupts, Yin evil stays inside, Yin/Yang contend but cannot exit, hence every-other-day attacks. (Evil deep in Zang, penetrating Yin. Yang eruption is normal Wei Yang movement, but Yin-penetrating evil is slow/hard to exit, hence intermittent).

Evil lodges at Fengfu, descending along Lv (spine flanks). (Fengfu is Du point. Lv is spine sides. Descending to coccyx). Wei Qi gathers at Fengfu daily/nightly. Next day descends one segment, hence attack is late. (Wei Qi meets at Fengfu daily. If evil at Fengfu descends Lv, Qi deepens, descends one segment daily, moving Yang to Yin, meeting delays, attack later).

From Fengfu, descending one segment daily, 25 days to sacrum, 26th day enters spine interior, notes into Fu Lv Mai. (Neck 3 segments, spine 21, total 24. Evil descends 1/day from Fengfu, 25 days to coccyx, then front-to-back, 26th day enters spine interior, Fu Lv Mai). Qi ascends, 9 days emerges at Quepen. Qi rises daily, hence attack earlier daily. (Evil in Fu Lv climbs spine, no joint obstruction, emerges Quepen in 9 days. Qi rises daily, Yin to Yang, evil recedes, attack earlier).

Cold is Yin, Wind is Yang. Cold first, Wind second = Cold then Heat = Han Malaria (Cold Malaria). Wind first, Cold second = Heat then Cold = Wen Malaria (Warm Malaria). (Timed: daily or every other day, punctual). Only heat, no cold = Yin Qi exhausted, Yang alone erupts. Shortness of breath, oppression, hot hands/feet, nausea = Dan Malaria (Crimson Malaria).

Evil/Wei Qi in Six Fu miss each other, cannot interact, hence rest days before attack. (This is Triennial Malaria. Deep evil, Three Yin, cannot exit with Wei, rests 3 days. "Shu" should be "San").

Wen Malaria: Winter wind-cold, stored in marrow. Spring Yang erupts, evil cannot exit. Summer heat melts marrow, consumes muscle, opens Cou Li, or exertion releases evil with sweat. Disease roots in Kidney, Qi moves internal to external. (Kidney governs Winter/bones. Winter cold/lodges marrow. Spring/Summer trigger, internal to external). Thus Yin def/Yang excess = heat. Decline = Qi re-enters = Yang def = cold. Heat then cold = Wen Malaria. (Winter cold, Spring Wen Malaria, i.e., Shang Han. *Shang Han Lun* has Wen Malaria symptom, based on this).

Dan Malaria: Lung has prior heat, body heat surges, counterflow upward, Middle Qi full/no external venting. Exertion opens Cou Li, wind-cold lodges skin/muscle. Eruption = Yang excess. Unabated Yang = disease. Qi does not reach Yin, hence only heat/no cold. Qi stores in Heart, lodges muscles, causes emaciation = Dan Malaria. (Lung prior heat, Qi in Heart. Fire attacks Metal, Yin def/Yang hyperactivity. Deficiency with external evil. Wen/Dan Malaria not true Malaria).

*Ke Lun* (Treatise on Cough): Skin/Hair are Lung's exterior. Exterior first receives evil, evil enters via exterior. Cold food/drinks enter Stomach, travel Lung channel to Lung, causing Lung cold. Internal/External combined evil lodges, causing Lung Cough. Five Zang receive disease in their season; off-season, transmission gives cough.
Humans correspond to Heaven/Earth; Five Zang receive disease in their governing season. Cold injury causes disease: mild=Cough, severe=Diarrhea/Pain. Autumn=Lung first; Spring=Liver first; Summer=Heart first; Late Summer=Spleen first; Winter=Kidney first. (All Zang/Fu can cause cough, but Lung must receive first and transmit. Evil is Cold. "Form cold, drink cold injures Lung". Seasonal Zang disease: mild/superficial (skin), severe/deep (gut). Cough is exterior sign, Diarrhea interior. Cold exterior=body pain, Cold interior=abdominal pain. "First received" implies subsequent Lung involvement/Cough).

Lung Cough: Cough with wheezing/noise, severe = spitting blood. (Lung governs Qi/respiration, hence wheezing). Heart Cough: Cough with Heart pain, throat feels obstructed...