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Swallow droppings are most effective in treating chronic malaria (malaria that persists for a long time). On the day of an attack, stirring them in wine and fumigating the nostrils can stop the episode immediately. They are particularly effective in expelling Gu poison (diseases caused by parasites or turbid qi) and killing Gui Zhu (a contagious disease with lingering symptoms). When taken on an empty stomach, three he (a unit of volume) stir-fried with a single garlic clove to make pills, and administered with decoction, the Gu poison is excreted. They break through Wu Long (five types of urinary difficulty) and promote urination. A decoction made from the nest residue can be used to bathe infants, completely driving away Jing Xian (infantile convulsions) and eliminating chuang jie (skin sores and scabies).

Sparrows belong to Yang, have a sour taste, and warm temperature. Their nature is highly promiscuous, thus they can enter the Yin aspect of the Lower Jiao (Lower Burner) to tonify and warm both Kidneys. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states they direct Qi downward, treating male impotence (failure of erection). They strengthen erections, induce heat, increase semen volume, and facilitate procreation. This is because Sparrow Eggs (Que Luan) are warm in nature, tonifying the Yang Qi of Mingmen (Gate of Vitality, the source of life), causing the Yin to naturally become warm, semen to become strong and sufficient, thereby enabling conception. Warmth promotes circulation, and their action moves downward, hence they direct Qi downward. Mixed with powders of Tianxiong (Aconitum carmichaelii lateral root prepared) and Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) into pills, taken five pills with wine on an empty stomach, they treat male impotence, female leukorrhea (vaginal discharge), difficult urination, and eliminate Shan (hernia) and Jia (abdominal masses). These are all merits of warming the Mingmen. Sparrow meat has a sweet and warm flavor, but its warming effect is inferior to that of the eggs.

Male sparrow droppings are named Bai Dingxiang (White Waxberry). Those with one pointed end are from males, while those with two rounded ends are from females. For medicinal use, they should be ground fine, soaked overnight in Licorice water, dried by baking, and then used. They have a pungent taste and warm temperature, treating eye pain, resolving abscesses and boils, managing female leukorrhea, difficult urination, and eliminating hernias and abdominal masses. Because their nature is good at dispersing, they are used externally for eye pain and resolving abscesses and boils. For abscesses and boils that have formed pus but refuse to rupture, applying sparrow urine to the head of the sore causes immediate rupture. Internally, they treat leukorrhea, difficult urination, and hernias/masses. Additionally, mixing the milk of a first-born boy with ground sparrow droppings into a paste and applying it to the eyes instantly clears red vessels penetrating the pupil. This utilizes their pungent dispersing nature to draw out fire toxins.

Sparrow Eggs, when combined with Chuangzi (Cnidii Fructus) into pills, assist sexual techniques for verification. Taken with warm wine, they specifically benefit men, supporting impotence, facilitating firmness, tonifying Yin deficiency, maintaining closure, strengthening the penis, increasing heat, replenishing essence and marrow, and promoting the birth of sons. Sparrow meat is greatly warm and hot, benefiting Qi and strengthening Yang, effectively warming the waist and knees, but is contraindicated during pregnancy. Male sparrow feces, named Bai Dingxiang, cause soft boils to ulcerate when applied, cure eye conditions instantly when applied to the eyes, remove polyps and rotten masses, and treat toothaches.