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The syndromes of convulsions and tremors have been fully discussed previously. Furthermore, there are convulsions occurring within the first hundred days after birth. For true convulsions, death will occur if they manifest only two or three times; for false convulsions, although frequent, they are not severe. True convulsions arise from internal wind-phlegm epilepsy (Fengxian), while false convulsions result from external contraction of wind-cold. This is because the infant's Qi and Blood are not yet substantial and cannot withstand the pathogen, leading to convulsions. To identify false convulsions, look for signs such as hot breath from the mouth, a surging pulse that is neither deep nor fine, and a red complexion rather than a cyanotic or dark one. Treatment may employ dispersing methods.

Manpi Feng (Slow Spleen Wind) occurs when acute fright-convulsion transmits to slow fright-convulsion, which then develops into spleen wind. Thus, spleen wind is a syndrome of pure Yin deficiency. It often arises because, during slow fright-convulsion, there may be deficient heat causing constipation, with phlegm obstruction and Qi stagnation. If mistakenly diagnosed as excess heat, harsh purgatives like Radix Euphorbiae Humifusae (Badozi) and Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang) might be used to promote defecation and resolve phlegm, or aromatic opening agents like Moschus (Shexiang) and Calculus Bovis (Niuhuang) might be administered to clear orifices and cool the viscera. This causes Yin to become even more excessive and Yang to become even more deficient. Fortunately, the patient does not die immediately but instead falls into this condition. Another name for this is "Deficient Wind," caused by prolonged vomiting and diarrhea allowing wind pathogens to enter the intestines and stomach, resulting in fecal incontinence, a sallow complexion, exhaustion of Spleen Qi, and depletion of True Yuan. Subsequent fever indicates slow spleen wind. Therefore, it does not necessarily always transmit from acute fright-convulsion. In males, obtaining this via diarrhea is heavier; in females, obtaining it via vomiting is heavier. Symptoms include a cyanotic face, short tongue, head drooping with eyes closed, protruding tongue and grinding teeth, low voice, head shaking during sleep, slight tremors in the four limbs that are cold and flaccid, alternating cold and hot sensations in the body, stagnant saliva and phlegm, coma, aimless hand movements, heavy drowsiness. At this stage, expelling wind finds no wind to expel, and treating fright finds no fright to treat. This is an extremely critical condition, with fewer than one in ten recoveries. The pulse is deep, faint, and slow. If the fingerprint on the Wind Gate shows red-purple threads, the condition is mild. If green, purple, and black threads are indistinctly mixed at the Wind Gate, it is severe; if at the Qi Gate, it is even more severe. The general treatment principle is to generate Stomach Qi and nourish the Spleen, restore Yang and benefit Willpower, settle the Heart and stabilize the Spirit, resolve phlegm, and regulate Qi. If the eyes are half-open and half-closed, hands and feet are not cold, and both urination and defecation are difficult, there is still a Yang syndrome. One must gently resolve phlegm and regulate Qi, without immediately using Yang-restoring methods. However, one should not use cooling agents just because there appears to be a Yang syndrome; this is merely fluctuating deficient fire mimicking a Yang syndrome. If sweating on the forehead is profuse, frequent vomiting of foul-smelling contents occurs, black stool is passed, and breathing is extremely rapid, this indicates the exhaustion of Spleen and Stomach Qi. If the Life Gate shows indistinctly mixed green-black-purple threads, or if the thread extends to the nail bed and is purely black, these are all incurable.

For children over three years old, diagnosis requires examining the Tiger's Mouth Three Gates (fingerprint) on the left for males and right for females. The left hand's pattern corresponds to the Heart and Liver, while the right hand's corresponds to the Spleen and Lungs. Green indicates Fright. Purple indicates Wind Pathogen at the Exterior. Pale red indicates Cold-Heat at the Exterior. Deep red indicates Cold Damage or Smallpox/Rubella. Green combined with red indicates Fright-Heat. A chaotic pattern suggests a long-standing disease. A fine pattern indicates frequent crying due to abdominal pain and undigested milk/food. A thick pattern extending straight to the nail indicates a malignant state of Fright-Wind. A black pattern indicates incurability. Appearance at the Wind Gate is mild; at the Qi Gate, it is severe; exceeding the Life Gate makes it difficult to treat. However, Jiebin stated: The Three Gates are merely superficial collaterals of the Hand-Yangming Meridian and are insufficient to observe Zang-Fu Qi. Moreover, the presence and color of patterns are common regardless of health status, making it hard to distinguish between Thunder Fright, Water Fright, Wind, or Food Stagnation accurately. Recently, people have taken this as routine, completely ignoring pulse diagnosis. Examining the *Neijing* reveals no mention of the Three Gates; only the *Maijing* mentions observing the color of the Thenar Eminence (Hand Fish), which is a general diagnostic method applicable to all, not just children. Therefore, diagnosing children requires observing the Qi Kou pulse, facial color, respiration sounds, and optionally the Thenar Eminence. However, children under three are of Pure Yang constitution. Their pulses move rapidly around the circumference and respond quickly to touch; seven beats per respiration cycle is the norm. More than seven is a Rapid Pulse, less than seven is a Slow Pulse. Since children are prone to both Deficiency and Excess, and pulses change with movement and rest, relying solely on pulse rate is unreliable. One must combine observation of color and the Thenar Eminence. (The Cun Kou is the great convergence of pulses, but since children's Qi and Blood are unsettled, their pulses are often large or small, constant or slippery, making the Cun Kou difficult to rely upon. Hence, the Three Gates are used for assessment, considered here as residual Qi dispersed from the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian.)

Trembling during sleep in infants is due to delicate Zang-Fu organs, unconsolidated Qi and Blood, floating Shen (Spirit), and often stems from Heart and Kidney deficiency. Heaven's Shen resides in the sun and moon (eyes); human Shen resides in the eyes. When awake, Shen resides in the Heart; when asleep, it returns to the Stomach. With Heart and Kidney deficiency, Shen has no foundation, Qi has no return, and cannot be stabilized, causing trembling during sleep. If startle-jerking occurs upon hearing noise, or crying out in fear during sleep, it is due to Liver and Lung deficiency, injury to Hun and Po spirits, and loss of spiritual control. Treatment should tonify the Liver and Lung, avoiding Fright-Wind medicines. Even though Fright-Wind is often a Heat syndrome, it arises because Heart Heat and Liver Wind interact. These two organs are Yang within Yang. When two Yangs stimulate each other, Wind and Fire clash, causing Liver Hun and Heart Shen to float. One should guide away Heart meridian pathogenic heat, and the fright will dissipate. Each Zang has Yin and Yang. For example, Liver Qi is Yang/Fire, Liver Blood is Yin/Water. When Liver Qi is hyperactive, Liver Blood declines further; wild Fire boils Water excessively. Fire flourishing and Yin consuming is inevitable. Moreover, infants often have congenital Kidney Yin deficiency, causing internal movement of deficient fire. Extreme heat generates wind; wind emerges from fire. This is not an external syndrome. Therefore, nourishing Water (Kidney Yin) is especially appropriate. This is why Wind-dispersing herbs are strictly contraindicated: Pungent flavors assist Heat, and Wind dries Blood. Pungent drugs are avoided because they scatter True Yin. Fright-settling drugs (often heavy/cold minerals) are avoided because Cold damages Stomach Qi. Lung-draining drugs are avoided because if the "Son" (Metal/Lung) is deficient, the "Mother" (Earth/Spleen) becomes even weaker (or vice versa depending on interpretation, generally implying mutual damage). Liver-suppressing drugs are avoided because if the Liver is not pacified, the Spleen suffers first. Medicines that are too warm consume Yang; medicines that are too cold damage True Qi. Attempting to stop fright and convulsions without addressing the root cause, or using mild attacking/purging methods, is inferior to fundamental strengthening formulas. "Excess" refers to pathogenic Qi; "Deficiency" refers to Healthy Qi. When pathogenic Qi is abundant, it is Excess; when Healthy Qi is depleted, it is Deficiency. Thus, one must recognize the condition and prevent deterioration to minimize errors. If blood issues from the mouth, or black bloody stool is passed, accompanied by two or three cries of distress, this is Heart Exhaustion. Eyes rolling back and cyanotic/black nails indicate Liver Exhaustion. Unstopping diarrhea indicates Spleen Exhaustion. Vomiting that stops and resumes indicates Stomach Exhaustion. Eyes unable to open or close, suddenly making crow-like sounds, indicates Lung Exhaustion. Foaming at the mouth indicates Kidney Exhaustion. Combined with flaccid limbs, coma, shortness of breath, and failure to sneeze after stimulating the Tongue-Gate acupoint, all are incurable.

Slow Fright belongs to Wood, Fire, and Earth deficiency. Before full deficiency, tremors are weak, appearing as tremors but not severe. The *Classic* states: "Wood is insufficient." It describes symptoms as wobbling, diarrhea, and fear—meaning hand-foot tremors, abdominal diarrhea, and mental fear. Fire deficiency leads to cold body and breath; Earth deficiency leads to vomiting, diarrhea, and loose stools. Therefore, treatment should suit warming and tonifying. As for Manpi Feng, Yin is extremely excessive, Stomach Qi is extremely deficient, the disease has progressed to its extreme, returning to deficiency. Pushing this to what the Spleen receives, it is called Spleen Wind. It is simply the extreme deficiency state resulting from the transmission of Slow Fright, not originally a separate name.

When Acute Fright causes hand and foot convulsions, one must absolutely avoid pressing down or restraining them. Wait for them to settle naturally. Wind power travels through the meridians and will cease naturally without injury. Tendons are the alliance of the Liver. If forced restraint is applied, the meridians become blocked by Wind Pathogens, Phlegm, and Qi. Qi and Blood become imbalanced, leading to chronic stubborn diseases that are difficult to cure until old age.

Fright, Gan Syndrome (Infantile Malnutrition), Vomiting, and Diarrhea present four different syndromes but share one underlying principle. Fright is Fire overcoming Liver Wood. Gan is Heat overcoming Spleen Wet Earth. Vomiting is Fire overcoming the Stomach/Diaphragm and moving upward. Diarrhea is Fire overcoming the Spleen and Large Intestine and flowing downward. Milk transforms from Metal (Lung Qi) and is very cold. Infants eating it gain muscle mass, but its nature is Water. Overconsumption leads to transformation into Dampness. Hot soup and cold milk mix, causing vomiting and diarrhea. Physicians who overuse drying-hot and harsh attacking drugs remove Dampness but retain Heat, generating Heat diseases. Some say infants are Pure Yang bodies and should mostly be treated with cooling agents; this view is also mistaken. Girls reach menarche at 14 (2x7), boys at 16 (2x8), when Tian Gui arrives. Tian Gui is Yin Qi. Since Yin Qi has not yet arrived, they are called "Pure Yang." This originally did not mean Yang Qi is in excess, but rather that they possess "Young/Tender Yang." How much Yang can Tender Yang have? If Yang is inherently not solid, and Cold/Cooling agents are mistakenly used, Yin is already insufficient, and Yang is further attacked. This often leads to the failure of both Yin and Yang, damaging Spleen and Kidneys. What can they rely on to grow? Therefore, it is crucial to assess constitutional endowment, balance Yin and Yang excesses, and achieve equilibrium to avoid弊端.

Acute Fright usually occurs early in the disease and is an Excess syndrome. It may be caused by Fright shock, Wind-Heat, Phlegm-Heat, or Food Stagnation. Treatment follows the cause, assisted by Fright-category medicines, clearing from the branch level. As for Slow Fright and Slow Spleen, improper treatment allows the exogenous disease to affect the root disease. The departure of exogenous pathogens is uncertain, and the remaining Healthy Qi is scant. If one ignores the root to attack the pathogen, it is like abandoning one's body to save a house. At this time, Fright-category medicines must absolutely not be used. For Spleen Deficiency, strongly tonify Spleen Yuan; for Yin Deficiency, strongly nourish True Water; for Hyperactive Deficient Fire, use Sweet-Warm to retreat it; for Severe Deficient Cold, use Warm Tonification to protect it. When Healthy Qi gains strength, minor pathogens resolve themselves. Treating the exogenous disease assumes Healthy Qi is not severely deficient, so one need not hesitate to eliminate disease to preserve life. Supporting Healthy Qi assumes Healthy Qi is already severely deficient, allowing no delay that could lead to death. Treating disease while ignoring Human Healthy Qi preserves only the name of treating disease, lacking the reality of preserving life. Alas!

For infantile Fright-Wind and diarrhea, Wuling San (Five-Ling Powder) is suitable to drain Bing Fire (Gallbladder/San Jiao Fire) and leach out Earth Dampness, containing Rougui (Cinnamon Bark) which suppresses Liver Wind and supports Spleen Earth.