《逆调论》曰∶阴气少而阳气胜，故热而烦满也。（言病有热而烦满者，阴气少而阳气多也。）阳气
少阴气多，故身寒如从水中出。（言病有寒从中生者，阳气少而阴气多也。）不得卧而息有音者，是阳
明之逆也。足三阳者，下行，今逆而上行，故息有音也。阳明者，胃脉也，六腑之海，（水谷之海。）其
气亦下行，阳明逆不得从其道，故不得卧也。胃不和则卧不安，此之谓也。夫起居如故，而息有音
者，此肺之络脉逆也。络脉不得随经上下，故留经而不行，络脉之病患也微，故起居如故，而息有音也。
夫不得卧，卧则喘者，是水气之客也。夫水者，循津液而流也。肾者，水脏，主津液，主卧于喘也。
《举痛论》曰∶百病生于气也。（气之为用，虚实逆顺缓急，皆能为病，故发此问。）怒则气上，喜
则气缓，悲则气消，恐则气下，寒则气收，炅则气泄，惊则气乱，劳则气耗，思则气结。九气不同，
何病之生？怒则气逆，甚则呕血及飧泄，故气上矣。（怒则阳气逆上，肝气乘脾，故甚则呕
血及飧泄也。）喜则气和志达，荣卫通利，故气缓矣。（气脉调和，故志达畅，荣卫通利，故气徐缓。）
悲则心系急，肺布叶举，而上焦不通，营卫不散，热气在中，故气消矣。（悲则损于心，心系急，则
动于肺，肺气系诸精经，逆则肺布叶举也。）恐则精却，却则上焦闭，闭则气还，还则下焦胀，故气
不行矣。（恐则阳粗却上而不下流。故却则上焦闭也。上焦闭，气不行流，下焦阴气亦还回不散而聚为胀。
然上焦固紧，下焦气还，故各守一处，故气不行也。）寒则腠理闭，气不行，故气收矣。（身寒则卫气
沉，故皮肤纹理及渗泻之处皆闭密而气不流行，卫气收敛于中而不发散也。）炅则腠理开，荣卫通，
汗大泄，故气泄矣。（热则肤腠开发，营卫大通，津液外渗，而汗大泄。）惊则心无所倚，神无所归，
虑无所定，故气乱矣。（气奔越故不调理。）劳则喘，且汗出，内外皆越，故气耗矣。（疲力役则
气奔速，故喘息。气奔速则阳外发，故汗出。喘且汗出。内外皆逾越于常纪，故气耗损也。）思则心
有存，神有所归，正气流而不行，故气结矣。系心不散，故气亦停留，以九气为问而言之也。）
The *Ni Tiao Lun* (Treatise on Rebellious Regulation) states: When Yin Qi is deficient and Yang Qi prevails, heat and vexation with fullness occur. (This explains that diseases presenting with heat, vexation, and fullness are due to deficiency of Yin Qi and excess of Yang Qi.) When Yang Qi is deficient and Yin Qi is abundant, the body feels cold, as if emerging from water. (This explains that diseases with cold arising from within are due to deficiency of Yang Qi and excess of Yin Qi.) Inability to lie down accompanied by noisy breathing indicates rebellion of the Yangming channel. The three Yang channels of the foot normally descend; now they rebel and ascend, causing noisy breathing. Yangming refers to the Stomach meridian, which is the sea of the six fu organs (and the sea of water and grain). Its Qi also normally descends; when Yangming Qi rebels and cannot follow its proper pathway, it results in inability to sleep. "When the Stomach is not harmonious, sleep is uneasy," this is what is meant. If daily activities remain normal but there is noisy breathing, this is due to rebellion of the collateral vessels of the Lung. Collateral vessels cannot move up and down with the main meridians, so they stagnate in the meridians and do not circulate. Since lesions of the collateral vessels are minor, daily activities remain normal, yet breathing is noisy. As for those who cannot lie down and pant when lying down, this is caused by invasion of Water Qi. Water follows the flow of Jin-Ye (Body Fluids). The Kidney is the Water Zang organ, governing Jin-Ye metabolism, and also governs sleep and panting.
The *Ju Tong Lun* (Treatise on Pain Caused by Pathogenic Factors) states: All diseases arise from Qi abnormalities. (The functions of Qi, whether in deficiency or excess, rebellion or smoothness, urgency or slowness, can all cause disease; hence this inquiry.) Anger causes Qi to ascend; joy causes Qi to slacken; grief causes Qi to dissipate; fear causes Qi to sink; cold causes Qi to contract; heat causes Qi to leak; shock causes Qi to become chaotic; labor causes Qi to be exhausted; contemplation causes Qi to knot. These nine types of Qi changes differ; what diseases arise? Anger causes Qi rebellion; severely, it leads to hematemesis and undigested food diarrhea, thus indicating Qi ascending. (Anger causes Yang Qi to rebel upward, and Liver Qi overacts on Spleen Earth, leading to severe hematemesis and undigested food diarrhea.) Joy brings harmony to Qi and openness of will, allowing Ying and Wei Qi to flow freely, thus Qi slackens. (Meridians and vessels are harmonized, so will is open and smooth, Ying and Wei Qi flow freely, thus Qi is slow and relaxed.) Grief makes the Heart system tense, lifts the Lung leaves, obstructs the Upper Jiao, prevents dispersion of Ying and Wei Qi, and traps heat in the center, thus Qi dissipates. (Grief damages the Heart; tension in the Heart system affects the Lung. Lung Qi connects to various meridians; rebellion causes Lung leaves to lift.) Fear causes Essence to retreat; retreat leads to closure of the Upper Jiao; closure causes Qi to return; returning Qi causes distension in the Lower Jiao, thus Qi does not move. (Fear causes coarse Yang Qi to retreat without flowing downward. Retreat closes the Upper Jiao. Closure stops Qi flow; Lower Jiao Yin Qi returns and gathers into distension. However, Upper Jiao is tight, Lower Jiao Qi returns, so each stays in place, thus Qi does not move.) Cold closes the Cou-Li (pores and interstices), stopping Qi movement, thus Qi contracts. (Cold body causes Wei Qi to sink; skin texture and sweat pores close tightly, Qi does not circulate, Wei Qi converges internally without dispersing.) Heat opens the Cou-Li, unblocks Ying and Wei Qi, causes profuse sweating, thus Qi leaks. (Heat develops skin and Cou-Li, Ying and Wei Qi flow freely, Body Fluids seep outward, causing profuse sweating.) Shock leaves the Heart mind unsupported, Spirit has no refuge, thoughts have no certainty, thus Qi becomes chaotic. (Qi rushes wildly, thus becoming disordered.) Labor causes panting and sweating; internal and external Qi both escape, thus Qi is exhausted. (Physical exhaustion causes Qi to rush rapidly, leading to panting. Rapid Qi rushing causes Yang to emit externally, leading to sweating. Panting and sweating mean internal and external Qi exceed normal limits, thus Qi is exhausted.) Contemplation keeps the Heart mind focused, Spirit has a destination, Zheng Qi flows but does not disperse, thus Qi knots. (Heart connection does not scatter, so Qi also lingers; this discusses the nine Qi changes as questions.)