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Zhou Shenzhai stated: The method for treating malaria (Malaria) is to raise the Yang Qi (Yang energy) so that it does not merge with Yin, then the chills will cease; and to lower the Yin so that it does not merge with Yang, then the fever will subside. "Raising the Yang" refers to dispersing the cold pathogenic factors in the Yang aspect, using herbs such as Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), and Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), which are cold-dispersing agents. "Lowering the Yin" refers to purging the heat pathogenic factors in the Ying (Nutritive) level, using herbs such as Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), and Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), which are heat-purging agents. Generally, when Yin and Yang merge, disease occurs; when they separate, recovery ensues. This approach is likely based on the medical case records of Wang Kentang. Wang's maternal grandmother, over eighty years old, suffered from malaria in summer. Her sons-in-law, concerned that her advanced age could not withstand another attack, proposed forcibly arresting the malaria (stopping the paroxysms). Wang said, "It is very easy to cure this with a single dose; why must we forcibly arrest it?" He therefore used Xinhuan (Bupleuri Radix), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), and Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix)—herbs with acrid-sweet flavors and clear aromas—to raise the Yang Qi, causing it to separate from Yin, thereby stopping the chills spontaneously. He used Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), and Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix)—herbs with bitter-sweet-cold properties—to guide the Yin downward, causing it to separate from Yang, thereby stopping the fever spontaneously. He used Zhuling (Polypori Umbellati Sclerotium), a bland-draining herb, to differentiate and drain Yin and Yang, preventing their merging. He used Shanjiapia (Manis Squama) as a guiding agent and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) to harmonize the formula. Indeed, one dose stopped the malaria. Yu Xingzhai commented: Reading *Linglan Yaolan*, this formula was recorded to be frequently effective for malaria, with additional methods for modification according to symptoms, making it most precise. It is considered Wang Kentang's masterpiece. It is also said that Li Shicai treated Cheng Wuxiu based on this formula, substituting Baidoukou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus) for Shanjiapia, which demonstrates his skill in herbal usage. I note: In recent times, popular treatment of malaria often follows Ni Hanchu's theories, which seems inferior to this formula. However, even using this formula cannot guarantee complete efficacy for all cases, as diseases vary infinitely; one cannot adhere rigidly to a single method. Recently, I saw Wang Mengying's discussion in *Gujin Yi'an Anxuan* regarding this case, which he deemed most appropriate. He stated: "This case only mentions summer-onset malaria without detailing pulse and symptoms. Five ascending/dispersing herbs and three bitter-cold herbs were used. Although this is Wang Kentang's prized work, I am somewhat skeptical. Later generations, failing to examine the context carefully, blindly copy these texts, causing much harm." Zou Run'an said: According to Wang Kentang, the goal is to make Yin and Yang separate, not to separate the pathogen from Yin and Yang. If it meant separating the pathogen from Yin and Yang, that would be acceptable, but can human Yin and Yang be made to separate? This statement resonates with my own views. I treated the younger brother of my disciple Zhang Hushan, who suffered from severe chest and epigastric stuffiness and near-death distress during malaria attacks. I used Zhijie Tang (Bitter Orange and Magnolia Bud Decoction) added with Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum), and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma). One dose cured him. This illustrates regulating Yin and Yang to restore their separation (balance).

The *Zuo Zhuan* records that the Duke of Qi had scabies which turned into malaria. The *Yanshi Jiaxun* changes "scabies" to "dan" (feverish malaria), explaining that in the *Shuowen Jiezi*, "dan" refers to every-other-day malaria, and "dan" implies hot malaria. The Duke of Qi's illness was originally every-other-day onset, gradually worsening, causing concern among the feudal lords. In northern China today, "dan" is still called malaria. Some vulgar scholars claim that scabies causes aversion to cold, leading to malaria; this is speculative. Scabies and tinea are minor ailments; how could scabies transform into malaria? I argue that human diseases are unpredictable. While initial scabies or tinea occurs, if one equates "scabies" with "dan," then "dan" is hot malaria, and "dan" is every-other-day malaria. Does every-other-day malaria lack heat?

Some argue that Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) must be used for malaria because malaria involves the Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) channel, and only Chaihu can arrest it. Others argue against universal use of Chaihu, stating it is suitable for regular malaria caused by wind-cold, but inappropriate for malaria caused by wind-warmth, damp-warmth, or summer-heat. I believe: If the malaria pathogen has not entered the Shaoyang channel, or if there is cold without heat, heat without cold, or irregular alternating chills and fever, Chaihu should originally not be used. However, if Shaoyang symptoms have appeared, Chaihu must be used to ascend and clear the heat of the Liver and Gallbladder. Even if caused by warmth, heat, or dampness, what harm would there be?