《明史》外国贡麒麟者甚多,阿丹国麒麟,前足高九尺,后六尺,颈长丈六尺,有二短
角,
麟,麋身,牛尾,马蹄,在五彩,腹下黄,高丈二。《明史》所言颈长如此,未见古书,且
不言一角有肉,疑是别种,非真麒麟。
(炳章)按∶《野语》云∶顺治辛卯山西平定州,牛产麒麟,遍体肉麟,有光,四足有甲
。康熙十七年,江西袁州,牛前麒麟。康熙二十八年,余姚北乡胡氏,牛产麒麟。《居易录》云∶乌山胡氏,有牛产一麟,
野狼项马足,
麋身牛尾,遍体肉鳞,金紫相差云。
时宪书十一月,改麋角为麈角解,始于乾隆戊子年,高宗纯皇帝,以为木兰之鹿,吉林
之麋,有皆解于夏,惟麈角解于冬,曾于南苑验之,特正其讹。又命时宪书纪年,仍增注六十一
岁,至百二十岁,使花甲环周,益绵寿世之庆,盖始于乾隆辛卯年云。
(炳章)按∶麈产辽东宁古塔各地,头似鹿,脚似牛,尾似驴,背似骆驼,从全体观之,
无一所似,故北人俗呼“四不像”,体大如小牛,毛淡褐,背稍浓,腹渐淡,角质坚,扁平而阔
,莹洁有纹理,表面有凸凹,角基甚浓,从干分两叉,一向外,一向后,足颇大,蹄较小,
体长,除尾七尺二三寸,性似鹿,常慢走,食植物,驰驱时比马尤速,每年五月产子,孕期
八月,解角于长至节,长尾可为拂尘,此辨麈之形态也。
The *History of Ming* records that many foreign countries contributed Qilin (mythical chimeric animal). The Qilin from the Aden country had front legs nine chi tall, hind legs six chi tall, a neck one zhang and six chi long, with two short horns. Lin (a component of Qilin) has a body like a sika deer, a tail like an ox, hooves like a horse, five-colored patterns on its body, and a yellow belly, standing one zhang two chi high. The description in the *History of Ming* regarding such a long neck is not found in ancient texts, nor does it mention a single horn covered with flesh; thus, it is suspected to be another species, not the true Qilin.
(Bingzhang) notes: *Ye Yu* states: In the Xinmao year of Shunzhi (1651), an ox in Pingding Prefecture, Shanxi, gave birth to a Qilin, with fleshy scales all over its body, shining, and having claws on its four feet. In the 17th year of Kangxi (1678), in Yuanzhou, Jiangxi, an ox gave birth to a Qilin. In the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), in the northern township of Yuyao, the Hu family's ox gave birth to a Qilin. *Juyi Lu* states: The Hu family in Wushan had an ox give birth to a Lin, with a wolf's neck, horse's legs, sika deer's body, and ox's tail, covered in fleshy scales, appearing in gold and purple hues.
In November, the *Shixian Shu* (Imperial Calendar) changed "Mi Jiao" (Elk Antler) to "Zhu Jiao Jie" (Dust Deer Antler Shedding), starting in the Wuzi year of Qianlong (1768). Emperor Gaozong Chun believed that the deer in Mulan and the elk in Jilin shed their antlers in summer, whereas the Zhu sheds its antlers in winter. He verified this at the Southern Hunting Ground and specifically corrected the error. He also ordered the *Shixian Shu* to add annotations for ages sixty-one to one hundred twenty in the calendar years, allowing the sexagenary cycle to repeat continuously, thereby extending the celebration of longevity. This practice likely began in the Ximao year of Qianlong (1771).
(Bingzhang) notes: The Zhu (Dust Deer/Elk) is produced in various places in Ninguta, Liaodong. Its head resembles a deer, its feet resemble an ox, its tail resembles a donkey, and its back resembles a camel. From a holistic view, it shares no complete similarity with any single animal, hence commonly called "Si Bu Xiang" (Four Unlike) by northerners. It is as large as a young calf, with pale brown fur, slightly darker on the back, and gradually lighter on the belly. The antlers are hard, flat, and broad, crystal clear with texture, and uneven on the surface. The base of the antler is thick, branching into two from the main stem, one pointing outward and one backward. The feet are quite large, and the hooves are smaller. The body length, excluding the tail which is seven chi and two or three cun long, resembles a deer in temperament, walking slowly, eating plants, and running faster than horses when galloping. It gives birth in May each year, with a gestation period of eight months. It sheds its antlers at the Winter Solstice. Its long tail can be used as a whisk; this describes the morphology of the Zhu.