脾为土脏，藏意与智，居心肺之下，故从卑。又脾者，裨也，裨助胃气以化谷也。经云
“纳谷者昌”，其在此乎。(其合肉也，其荣唇也，开窍于口)
肺，金脏，魄所藏也。肺者，沛也，中有二十四孔，分布清浊之气，以行于诸脏，使沛
然莫御也。《内经》曰∶肺恶寒。又曰∶形寒饮冷则伤肺。勿只守火克金之一说也。(其合
皮也，其荣毛也，开窍于鼻)
肾，水脏，藏精与志，华元化谓为性命之根也。又肾者，任也，主骨，而任周身之事，
故强弱系之。《甲乙经》曰∶肾者，引也，能引气通于骨髓。《卮言》曰∶肾者，神也，妙
万物而言也。(其合骨也，其荣发也，开窍于二阴)
胃，属土，脾之腑也，为仓廪之官，五谷之府，故从田。田乃五谷所出，以为五谷之市
也。又胃者、卫也，水谷入胃，游溢精气，上出于肺，畅达四肢，布护周身，足以卫外而为固也。
字从詹，不从旦。胆音檀，乃口脂泽也，与胆不同。今从胆者，乃传袭之讹也。
胆，属木，肝之腑也。为中正之官，中清之府，十一经皆取决于胆。人之勇怯邪正，于
此詹之，故字从詹。又，胆者，担也，有胆量方足以担天下之事。肝主仁，仁者不忍，故以
胆断；胆附于肝之短叶间，仁者必有勇也。
大肠，传道之官，变化出焉，属金，为肺之腑。小肠，受盛之官，化物出焉，属火，为
心之腑。人纳水谷，脾气化而上升，肠则化而下降。盖以肠者，畅也，所以畅达胃中之气也
，肠通畅则为平人，否则病矣。
The Spleen is an Earth Zang-organ, storing Yi (Intent) and Zhi (Wisdom). It resides below the Heart and Lung, hence its nature is humble. Furthermore, "Spleen" (Pi) implies "to assist"; it assists Stomach Qi to transform food. The Classics state: "When food intake is abundant, vitality prospers," which refers to this. (It corresponds to flesh, its luster manifests in the lips, and opens into the mouth.)
The Lung is a Metal Zang-organ, storing Po (Corporeal Soul). "Lung" (Fei) implies "abundant flow." It contains twenty-four pores, distributing clear and turbid Qi to circulate among all Zang-fu organs, making its flow vigorous and unstoppable. The *Neijing* states: "The Lung dislikes cold." It also states: "External cold on the body and cold drinks injure the Lung." One should not adhere solely to the theory that Fire overcomes Metal. (It corresponds to skin, its luster manifests in hair, and opens into the nose.)
The Kidney is a Water Zang-organ, storing Jing (Essence) and Zhi (Willpower). Hua Yuanhua considered it the root of life and destiny. Furthermore, "Kidney" (Shen) implies "to bear" or "to undertake"; it governs bones and undertakes the affairs of the whole body, so strength and weakness depend on it. The *Jiayi Jing* states: "The Kidney guides"; it can guide Qi to penetrate the bone marrow. The *Zhiyan* states: "The Kidney relates to Spirit"; it wondrously generates all things and speaks of them. (It corresponds to bones, its luster manifests in hair, and opens into the two yin orifices.)
The Stomach belongs to Earth and is the Fu-organ of the Spleen. It is called the Official of Granaries and the Repository of the Five Grains, hence its character includes the radical "Tian" (Field). The field is where grains are produced, serving as a market for them. Additionally, "Stomach" (Wei) implies "to guard." When water and grain enter the Stomach, their essence floats up and emerges into the Lung, spreading smoothly to the four limbs and protecting the entire body, sufficient to defend the exterior and maintain solidity.
(The character for Gallbladder) derives from "Zhan," not "Dan." "Dan" (檀) sounds like "Tan," meaning lip balm, which is different from the Gallbladder. The current use of "Dan" (胆) is an error passed down through transmission. The Gallbladder belongs to Wood and is the Fu-organ of the Liver. It is the Official of Uprightness and the Repository of Clarity; the Qi of the eleven meridians depends on it. Human courage or timidity, righteousness or pathogenic factors, are judged here, hence the character uses "Zhan." Furthermore, "Gallbladder" (Dan) implies "to bear" or "to shoulder"; only with courage can one bear the affairs of the world. The Liver governs Ren (Benevolence); a benevolent person cannot bear to harm others, thus requiring the Gallbladder to make decisions. The Gallbladder attaches between the short lobes of the Liver; a benevolent person must have courage.
The Large Intestine is the Official of Transmission, responsible for transformation and excretion; it belongs to Metal and is the Fu-organ of the Lung. The Small Intestine is the Official of Reception and Containment, responsible for transforming substances; it belongs to Fire and is the Fu-organ of the Heart. When humans ingest water and grain, Spleen Qi transforms it and sends it upward, while the intestines transform waste and send it downward. Essentially, "Intestine" (Chang) implies "smooth flow"; it serves to smooth the Qi of the Stomach. If the intestines are unobstructed, the person is healthy; otherwise, disease occurs.