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**Soushu (Desmodium styracifolium)** resembles Gouqi (Lycii Fructus), but has thorns, tastes bitter and pungent, is cold in nature, and non-toxic. It primarily treats heat in the skin, eliminates pathogenic factors, stops qi-stagnation-induced urinary difficulty, unblocks water passages, clears heat from the stomach, and directs rebellious qi downward. Used with Loulu (Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba) as an enhancer.

**Zibai pi (Catalpae Cortex)** is the bark of the Catalpa tree. It grows everywhere, resembling Paulownia but with smaller leaves and purple flowers; its texture is loose, the bark is white, and it bears seeds. It tastes bitter, is cold in nature, and non-toxic. It treats heat, expels three types of intestinal parasites, cures eye diseases, vomiting, regurgitation, pediatric heat sores, fever and irritability of the body and head, and corrosive ulcers; it can be used for bathing in decoction. Crushed leaves applied externally treat burns and烂 sores on hands and feet; feeding it to pigs triples their weight. Another method: collect leaves before sunrise on the Start of Autumn, decoct into a paste, and apply to sores and scrofula. Once, a patient with a severe back carbuncle exposing intestines failed to heal with hundreds of prescriptions. A physician applied this paste externally and administered small pills made of Yunmu gao (Cloud Mother Ointment). After consuming four liang, the pills were expelled through the skin adhering to the plaster, and the sore healed within days. Do not confuse with Yipi (Pruni Cortex); Yipi and Zishi are contraindicated together.

**Tongye (Paulowniae Folium)** grows everywhere. Use the White Paulownia which blooms pale red flowers in the second lunar month and produces seeds for oil. Leaves taste bitter, are cold in nature, and non-toxic. They treat malignant erosive ulcers on genital skin, five types of hemorrhoids, kill three types of parasites, and treat Bentun Qi disease (a condition characterized by gas rising from the lower abdomen). Bark treats five types of strangury, washing hair removes wind affecting the head, promotes hair growth and nourishment, and treats abscesses, ulcers, hemorrhoids, malignant sores, and pediatric erysipelas; decoct into a paste for application. Flowers fed to pigs triple their weight. Tongyou (Paulowniae Oleum) is cold and slightly toxic. It treats edema, applies to malignant sores, scabies, and rat bites. Another type of Wutong (Firmiana simplex) blooms pale yellow flowers like ziziphus in April and fruits in May-June; this is the "Tong" mentioned in the Monthly Ordinances. Consuming too many seeds induces wind patterns. Baipi (Catalpae Cortex or Paulowniae Cortex depending on context, here likely referring to Paulownia or similar local variety for internal use) treats intestinal hemorrhoids and nodules at the anus; it can also be applied to sores and taken with wine.

**Lishi (Gypsum Fibrosum variant or specific mineral stone, distinct from standard Gypsum)** grows between two stones, has yellow-red bark, white flesh, and diagonal grain, unlike Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum). It tastes sweet and pungent, is extremely cold in nature, and non-toxic. It treats body heat, benefits the stomach, relieves irritability, and clears excessive heat and stagnation in Ying and Wei levels. It resolves irritability and toxicity, treats Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst), and Wind-Stroke with flaccidity and obstruction. It breaks up accumulations, expels parasites, benefits essence and brightens eyes. Used with Huashi (Talcum) as an enhancer; incompatible with Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba).

**Changshi (Long Stone/Mineral)** grows in Changzi County. Its grain resembles horse teeth, is square and moist, resembling Shigao but denser, larger, and with longitudinal grain. It tastes bitter and pungent, is cold in nature, and non-toxic. It treats body heat and qi stagnation in the stomach, stops Xiao Ke and directs qi downward, eliminates pathogenic factors in the hypochondrium and lungs, treats cold reversal of limbs, benefits urination, unblocks blood vessels, brightens eyes, removes nebula and sand, expels parasites, and kills gu poison.

**Gantai (Dry Moss/Terricolous Moss)** growing on rocks is named Gantai. It tastes salty, is cold in nature. It treats heart and abdominal irritability; grind with cold water and drink. It treats hemorrhoids, kills parasites, and persistent vomiting/diarrhea due to Huoluan; decoct and drink. It also induces sores and scabies, expels residual Dan Shi (mineral drugs), kills drug toxins, but should not be eaten excessively as it causes sallow complexion and blood deficiency. Those growing in water are named Zhili. Southerners use them to make paper called Taizhi, which is green-yellow, astringent, tastes sweet, and is warm in nature. It treats severe cold in heart and abdomen, warms the middle, aids digestion, strengthens stomach qi, stops dysentery and bleeding, and is used in herbal processing.

**Wuyou (Roof Moss)** refers to the green moss on the north side of old tiled roofs. Harvest in August, remove mud, and dry in shade. It tastes sweet, is cold in nature, and non-toxic. It treats floating heat in the skin, alternating chills and fever, benefits Small Intestine and Bladder qi, and treats pediatric epilepsy heat and seasonal febrile diseases with irritability and thirst. Green moss on the north side of old walls is called Yuanyi. Harvest in March, dry in shade. It tastes sour, is non-toxic. It treats jaundice, irritability, cough, sudden heat in blood/qi in the gut, and internal blockage from sword wounds. Long-term use tonifies the middle, boosts qi, nourishes muscles, and beautifies the face. Moss growing on walls is called Tuma Zong (Soil Horse Mane); it thrives in rainy years and is longer than Yuanyi. It treats bone heat, irritability, toxicity, nasal congestion, and epistaxis. Well moss tastes bitter and cold, is non-toxic. It treats heat sores, lacquer dermatitis, edema, kills wild gecko and croton toxins, and treats scalds/burns.

**Haijinsha (Lygodii Spora)** tastes sweet, is neutral in nature, and non-toxic. It benefits urination. Combined with Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus) and Yayamingxiao (Natrii Sulfas), it treats Shaoyang/Shanghan heat mania. Collect whole material, line with paper, sun-dry, and beat with a stick so spores fall off.

**Zhugen (Broussonetiae Radix/Rhizoma)** is the root of modern ramie used for weaving cloth. It tastes sweet, is slippery and cold, and non-toxic. It treats epidemic febrile diseases with extreme thirst and mania, chest heat from ingesting mineral metals, calms the fetus, and treats pediatric erysipelas. Soaking ramie juice effectively treats extreme thirst. Danxi stated: Ramie belongs to Water but contains Earth and Metal properties; it greatly tonifies Lung Metal and moves stagnant blood, thus resolving blood stasis, stopping bleeding/syncope, and treating postpartum abdominal pain. It also treats five types of strangury; decoct thick liquid and drink to promote flow. For all abscesses, back carbuncles, early-stage breast abscesses, heat erysipelas, swelling/toxins, arrow/snake/insect bites, crush roots and apply, changing day and night until swelling subsides and healing occurs.

**Gugen (Zizania Latifolia Rhizome)** grows in water. Leaves resemble cattails; cutting them fattens horses. Spring shoots are edible. Old rhizomes develop a white core like a child's arm, called Gushou, known in the South as Jiaocao. It tastes sweet, is extremely cold, and non-toxic. It treats stubborn gastrointestinal heat and thirst, stops frequent urination, removes floating wind-heat from the chest, benefits five zang organs by clearing pathogenic factors, treats facial redness after drinking, white leprosy, scrofula, fire sores, jaundice, and hot dysentery. Mixed with crucian carp soup, it opens appetite, resolves alcohol toxicity, and suppresses heat from mineral drugs. Excessive consumption induces cold qi, nourishes teeth, damages yang function, causes lower jiao cold, and triggers chronic diseases. Avoidance is best.

**Ganjiaogen (Phyllanthi Fructus Root? Context suggests a specific regional herb, possibly Phyllanthus urinaria or similar, referred to as Bajiao)** Also known as Bajiao. In Lingnan, it has flowers and fruit, tasting very sweet; in the North, only flowers; elsewhere, flowering is rare. It treats epidemic heat mania, irritability, wasting-thirst, and jaundice. For carbuncles/toxins, mineral heat, irritability, and dry mouth, squeeze juice and drink. For hot swelling, wandering wind, and wind-rashes, crush and apply. Oil is non-toxic. Treats hidden wind epilepsy and syncope; inducing vomiting leads to recovery. Applied to beard/hair to darken and prevent falling; also for burns/scalds. Extraction method: insert bamboo tube into bark, similar to tapping lacquer.

**Mabo (Lasiosphaera/Fuscoporia spore)** Also known as Malongjun. Grows in wetlands and on rotting wood, soft like purple cotton; powder emerges when flicked. It treats throat closure and sore throat. Remove membrane, mix with honey water, and take. Excellent for applying to various malignant sores and animal mange.

**Haiercha (Child's Tea/Kidney Tea)** Tastes bitter and sweet, is cold in nature, and non-toxic. Resolves blood stasis, treats all sores/toxins. Ancient formula: Haiercha, Boheye (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), and Xicha (Fine Tea) ground to powder, formed into honey pills. Swallow 3-5 pills after meals to resolve phlegm.

**Zibeitiankui (Semiaquilegiae Radix)** Commonly named Yexiahong. Leaves resemble Coriander, roots resemble Cyperi Rhizoma. Harvest in March, dry in shade. Treats breast abscesses: grind with wine for internal and external use. Treats throat bi (obstruction) and swelling/pain: grind juice and swallow for immediate relief. When decocting Yunmu (Mica), Shizhongru (Stalactitum), or Cengqing (Atacamite), processing this herb with Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix) is excellent.

**Quanshui (Spring Water)** Tastes sweet, is neutral, and non-toxic. Treats wasting-thirst, regurgitation, hot dysentery, hot strangury, and dark/scanty urination. Also washes lacquer dermatitis and abscesses. Long-term consumption dispels warmth, harmonizes the middle, and directs heat downward.

**Xinji Shui (Freshly Drawn Well Water)** Treats cold diseases of the heart and abdomen, resolves Capsicum poisoning, and helps dislodge fish bones. Have the patient face the water, open mouth to inhale vapor; the bone will descend. For any water therapy, use fresh clear spring water, not stagnant, turbid, or warm water, as it lacks efficacy and harms the body. Drinking flowing spring water from shady places may induce malaria and weak legs.

**Jinghua Shui (First Drawing of the Well)** The first draw at dawn. Tastes sweet, is neutral, and non-toxic. Washes eye nebula and post-alcohol hot dysentery. Treats fright and bleeding from nine orifices: wash face with it without letting the patient know. Hold in mouth at dawn to remove bad breath; mixed with Zhusha (Cinnabaris) improves complexion. Suitable for refining minerals/drugs; adding vinegar prevents spoilage.

**Bantian He Shui (Heavenly River Water)** Water collected from bamboo fences and high trees (rainwater). Slightly cold, non-toxic. Treats Gui Zhu (ghostly attachment) mania and evil qi, kills gu poison and ghost essences, addresses confusion and delirious speech. Give to drink without revealing source. Warm wash treats various qi disorders, malignant sores, and itching. Analysis: Heavenly rainwater treats heart-related mania and evil toxins; Winter Solstice snow (cold) resolves all heat toxins; Well water (clear) unblocks nine orifices. Later generations used East-flowing water for its swift, smooth nature; Reverse-flowing water for its swirling, retaining nature (moving up not down).

**Jiangshui (Fermented Rice Water)** Tastes sweet and sour, is cool, and moves readily. Non-toxic. Harmonizes the middle, guides qi, promotes harmony, strongly unblocks orifices, opens appetite, stops wasting-thirst, Huoluan, and dysentery. Resolves leftover food, transforms stagnation. Best consumed as thin porridge at dusk. Relieves irritability and sleepiness, regulates zang-fu. Fresh millet with white flowers is best. Decoct until sour to stop vomiting/hiccups, whitens skin/body. However, if Jiangshui is too cold, pregnant women eating it may cause miscarriage or result in underdeveloped children. Do not eat with plums, as it causes vomiting and diarrhea.

**Dijiang (Earth Slurry)** Dig a pit, pour water, stir until turbid, and collect after a short while. Cold in nature, non-toxic. Treats heat-thirst and irritability, resolves various poisons including fungal toxins and raw meat poisoning.

The above are miscellaneous treatments for heat.