经曰∶胆者,中清之腑也,号曰将军,决断出焉。能喜怒刚柔,与肝为表里
也,足少阳是其经也。虚则伤寒,恐畏头眩,不能〔独〕卧;实则伤热,惊悸,精神
不守,卧起不定,玄水发,其根在胆。又肝咳不已,则传邪入胆,呕青汁也。又胆有
水,则从头肿至足也。胆病则善太息,口苦,吐宿汁,心中戚戚恐,如人将捕之,
咽仲介介然数〔唾〕。又睡卧则胁下痛,〔口〕苦,多太息。邪气客于胆,则梦斗
讼,脉在左关上浮而得之者,是〔其〕部也。胆实热,则精神不守。胆热则多肿,
胆冷则多眠。又左关上脉阳微者,胆虚;阳数者,胆实;阳虚者胆绝也。以上皆虚
实寒热,生死脉证之法也。
《主治备要》云∶是动则病口苦,善太息,胸胁痛,不能转侧,甚则面微有尘,体无
膏泽,足外反热,是为阳厥。是主胆所生病者,头痛颔肿,目锐 痛,缺盆中肿痛,腋
下肿,马刀挟瘿,汗出振寒,疟,胸、肋、胁、髀、膝,外至胫、绝骨、外踝前及诸节
皆痛。《脉诀》云∶左关,肝与胆脉之所生也。先以轻手得之,是胆,属表;后以重
手取之,是肝,属里也。肝合筋,肝脉循经而行。持脉指法,如十二菽之重,按至筋
平,脉道如筝弦者,为弦;脉道迢迢者,为长。此弦长,乃肝家不病之状也。肝脉本部
在筋,若出筋上,见于皮肤血脉之间者,是其浮也;入于筋下,见于骨上,是其沉也。
临病细推之,举一知十之道也。
The *Classic of Medicine* states: The Gallbladder is a middle-clear organ, known as the "General," from which decision-making arises. It can regulate joy, anger, rigidity, and softness, and stands in exterior-interior relationship with the Liver; the Foot-Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) Meridian is its channel. When deficient, it is susceptible to cold pathogens, manifesting as fear, aversion to cold, dizziness, and inability to lie down alone; when excess, it is susceptible to heat pathogens, manifesting as palpitations, mental restlessness, inability to maintain spiritual focus, restless sitting and lying, onset of edema (Xuan Shui), with the root of the disease in the Gallbladder. Furthermore, if Liver-cough persists, pathogenic factors transmit into the Gallbladder, causing vomiting of green bile. Additionally, if water retention exists in the Gallbladder, swelling occurs from head to foot. Disease of the Gallbladder manifests as frequent sighing, bitter taste in the mouth, vomiting of retained fluids, a sense of inner apprehension and fear as if being hunted, and a sensation of obstruction in the throat with frequent spitting. Moreover, pain may occur under the hypochondrium during sleep, accompanied by bitter taste and frequent sighing. When pathogenic factors lodge in the Gallbladder, dreams of fighting and litigation occur. The pulse located at the left Guan position, felt upon superficial palpation, indicates this region. Gallbladder excess-heat leads to loss of mental focus. Gallbladder heat tends to cause swelling, while Gallbladder cold tends to cause somnolence. Furthermore, a weak Yang pulse at the left Guan position indicates Gallbladder deficiency; a rapid Yang pulse indicates Gallbladder excess; a depleted Yang pulse indicates Gallbladder exhaustion. The above constitute the methods for determining pulse and symptom patterns regarding deficiency, excess, cold, heat, life, and death.
The *Zhu Zhi Bei Yao* states: When the meridian undergoes change, disease manifests as bitter taste, frequent sighing, chest and hypochondriac pain, inability to turn the body, and in severe cases, a dusty complexion, lack of luster in the body, and reversed heat in the lateral aspect of the foot, termed Yang Jue (Yang Reversal). Diseases primarily governed by the Gallbladder include headache, submandibular swelling, pain at the outer canthus of the eye, swelling in the supraclavicular fossa, axillary swelling, Hashimoto's neck (Ma Dao Jia Ying - referring to scrofula or lymphadenopathy associated with thyroid enlargement), sweating with chills, malaria, and pain in the chest, ribs, hypochondrium, thigh, knee, extending outward to the tibia, Juegu point, anterior to the lateral malleolus, and all joints. The *Mai Jue* states: The left Guan position is where the pulses of the Liver and Gallbladder originate. First, using light pressure reveals the Gallbladder pulse, belonging to the Exterior; subsequently, using heavy pressure reveals the Liver pulse, belonging to the Interior. The Liver governs tendons, and the Liver meridian circulates along the channels. In pulse diagnosis, applying pressure equivalent to twelve beans, pressing until level with the tendons, if the vessel feels tight like a zither string, it is a Xian (Wiry) pulse; if the vessel feels long and continuous, it is a Chang (Long) pulse. This Wiry and Long quality represents the state of a healthy Liver. The primary location of the Liver pulse is at the tendons; if the pulse appears above the tendons, visible between the skin and blood vessels, it is Fu (Superficial); if it sinks below the tendons, visible above the bone, it is Chen (Deep). One must carefully deduce these principles when treating patients, which is the way to infer ten things from one example.