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Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction): Treats various types of diarrhea as well as syndromes such as abdominal pain and swelling.
Fuling (Poria), Zhuling (Polyporus), Zexie (Alisma), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Cangzhu (Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome), Houpo (Magnolia Bark), Chenpi (Citrus Reticulata Pericarp) (each 1.5 qian), Zhi Cao (Prepared Licorice Root) (0.8 qian).
Add three slices of Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), decoct with water, and take orally.

Sishen Wan (Four Spirits Pill): Treats abdominal pain followed by diarrhea occurring from the fifth watch (11 PM - 1 AM) until dawn, with a fixed timing, known as Pi Shen Xie (Spleen-Kidney Diarrhea). It is also generally used for chronic diarrhea.
Buguzhi (Psoraleae Fructus) (4 liang, stir-fried with wine), Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen) (baked in flour, remove oil), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) (each 2 liang), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) (soaked in hot water, 1 liang).
Use 81 Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) and 4 liang of Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), boil together until soft, remove skin and seeds, mix and form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 4 qian with Rice Decoction before going to sleep. Removing Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen) and adding Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), and Ying Su Qiao (Papaveris Capsicum) makes the pill more effective when formed with Rice Decoction.

Shengji Fuzi Wan (Shengji Aconite Pill): Treats Dong Xie Han Zhong (severe cold-type diarrhea with internal cold), where watery undigested food passes directly through, or dysentery with red and white pus and blood, where food is expelled immediately after eating without digestion.
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Wumei Rou (Mume Semen Flesh) (each 3 liang), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) (processed, each 1.5 liang).
Form pills with refined honey. Take 3 qian per dose, with Rice Decoction, twice daily.

Commentary: The original note states: "If wind pathogen injures the body in spring, the pathogenic factor lingers; by summer it manifests as Sun Xie (diarrhea with undigested food); by late summer it manifests as Dong Xie (profuse watery diarrhea). Yin qi arises at Wu hour (11 AM-1 PM) and peaks at Wei hour (1 PM-3 PM). During late summer, Spleen Earth is prosperous. The Spleen is the 'extreme yin within yin'. Therefore, yin qi becomes abundant. Once yin qi is abundant, internal cold is generated, leading to Dong Xie."

Qianjin Wen Pi Tang (Thousand Golden Warm the Spleen Decoction): Treats long-standing heat dysentery with red and white discharge.
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (4 qian), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma) (each 2 qian), Shu Fuzi (Prepared Aconiti Lateralis Radix) (1 qian), Pao Gan Jiang (Processed Zingiberis Rhizoma) (2 qian).
Decoct with water and take warm.
For cold dysentery, remove Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma), add Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex) 3 qian, double the dosage of Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), and Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), and reduce Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) by 1 qian.

The *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot) states: "Internal heat damaging the spleen leads to cold stools; conditions belonging to internal cold lead to hot stools. Heat in the stomach digests food quickly, causing a hanging sensation in the heart and frequent hunger. Heat in the skin above the umbilicus indicates heat in the intestines, resulting in yellow, mushy stools. Cold in the skin below the umbilicus, combined with heat in the stomach, causes abdominal distension. Cold in the intestines causes borborygmus and Sun Xie (diarrhea with undigested food). Cold in the stomach and heat in the intestines cause both distension and diarrhea. Heat in the stomach causing distension, and cold in the intestines, lead to urgent hunger but small abdominal pain and distension."

Zhang Shiwan commented: Physicians of the world only know to treat heat with cold and cold with heat, ignoring everything else. Suppose a patient has internal heat damaging the spleen, presenting with a hanging sensation in the heart and frequent hunger; this is undoubtedly a heat syndrome. However, one must examine if the skin above the umbilicus is hot to confirm that stomach heat is accumulating and flourishing. If yellow, mushy stools are passed, it indicates not only stomach heat but also intestinal heat forcing the passage. If the skin below the umbilicus is cold yet abdominal distension occurs, it may appear like solidified excess heat, but it is actually a sign of deficiency-cold in the stomach. Or if borborygmus and Sun Xie occur, it is not just stomach cold, but cold has transferred to the large and small intestines. Generally, heat diarrhea presents with yellow-red turbid stool, while cold diarrhea presents with loose, clear, and cold stool; this is the most significant distinction in pathology, allowing for clear differentiation. Furthermore, cases of distension with diarrhea involve distension due to stomach cold preventing the distribution of yang qi, and diarrhea due to intestinal heat causing turbid discharge. Cases of digesting food easily with hunger and small abdominal pain/distension are indeed evidence of stomach heat and intestinal cold. In such various situations, unless one understands the methods of Zhang Zhongjing's Three Xi Xin Tangs, Huanglian Tang, Ganjiang Huangqin Huanglian Renshen Tang, Houpo Shengjiang Banxia Gancao Renshen Tang, and Ganjiang Renshen Banxia Wan, one cannot discuss supreme treatment.

Rudou Wan (Milky Bean Pill) (Formula details see this chapter)