〔《难》〕肝外证，面青，善洁，善怒。（十六难）
运气 面尘有二∶
一曰燥金制肝。经云∶阳明司天，燥淫所胜，民病嗌干面尘。又云∶阳明在泉，燥淫所胜，病嗌干面尘。
又云∶金郁之发，嗌干面尘，宜治以湿剂是也。
二曰火。经云∶少阳之复，厥气上行，面如浮尘，目乃 ，治以寒剂是也。
针灸 面尘皆取肝胆二经。经云∶肝足厥阴之脉是动，病甚则嗌干面尘脱色。又云∶胆足少阳之脉是动，
病甚则面微有尘，皆视盛虚热寒陷下取之也。
〔《难》〕心外证，面赤，口干，善笑。（十六难）
〔垣〕面赤为邪气怫郁在经，宜表不宜下。
仲景云∶下利脉沉而迟，其人面赤，身有微热，下利清谷者，以郁冒汗出而解，此面赤亦表而解也。
运气 面赤皆属寒。经云∶太阳司天，寒淫所胜，民病面赤目黄，治以热剂是也。
针灸 面赤皆取心主。经云∶心主手厥阴之脉是动，则病面赤目黄，视盛虚热寒陷下取之也。
（治法见黄胆门）
〔《难》〕脾外证，面黄，善噫，善思，善味。（十六难）
〔《素》〕阳明经终者，口目动作，善惊，妄言，色黄。（诊要经终篇）
〔《难》〕肺外证，面白，善嚏，悲愁不乐，欲哭。（十六难）
血脱者色白，夭然不泽，其脉空虚。（全文见治虚实法。）
〔垣〕巴戟丸 治肺病，面白不悦，则为脱气脱血，脱津脱液，脱精脱神。（方见梦遗。）
脉紧者，寒也。或面白善嚏，或面色恶，皆寒也。以羌活、防风、甘草、 本四味泻足太阳，少加附子以
通其脉，面色恶悲恐者，更加桂、附。
太阳终者戴眼，反折螈 ，其色白，绝汗出。
少阳终者耳聋，百节皆纵，目HT 绝系，其色青白。（以上全文见诊生死法。）
[From *Nan Jing*] The external manifestations of the Liver include a bluish complexion, fastidiousness, and irritability. (Chapter 16)
Regarding Yunqi (Five Movements and Six Qi) theory, a dusty-looking complexion arises from two causes:
First, Dryness Metal restraining Liver Wood. The classics state: When Yangming governs the year, excessive Dryness causes the people to suffer from dry throat and a dusty-looking complexion. It also states: When Yangming is in the lower position, excessive Dryness leads to dry throat and a dusty-looking complexion.
Furthermore, it states: When Metal Qi stagnates and erupts, symptoms include dry throat and a dusty-looking complexion; treatment should employ moistening agents.
Second, Fire. The classics state: When Shaoyang (Ministerial Fire) returns with excess, Jue (rebellious) Qi ascends upward, causing the face to appear as if covered by floating dust, and vision becomes blurred; treatment should employ cold agents.
In acupuncture therapy, a dusty-looking complexion involves selecting points from the Liver and Gallbladder meridians. The classics state: When the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian is disturbed, severe cases manifest as dry throat, dusty-looking complexion, and loss of luster. It also states: When the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian is disturbed, severe cases manifest as a slightly dusty-looking complexion. Treatment should be based on observing excess or deficiency, heat or cold, and sinking or depression to select points.
[From *Nan Jing*] The external manifestations of the Heart include a reddish complexion, dry mouth, and propensity to laugh. (Chapter 16)
[Li Dongyuan] A reddish complexion indicates pathogenic factors constrained within the meridians; surface-releasing methods are indicated, while purgative methods are contraindicated.
Zhang Zhongjing stated: In cases of diarrhea with deep and slow pulse, where the patient has a red face, slight body heat, and passes undigested food, recovery occurs through sweating due to Qi stagnation and dizziness. This type of red face is also resolved via surface-releasing methods.
In Yunqi theory, a reddish complexion belongs to Cold patterns. The classics state: When Taiyang (Cold Water) governs the year, excessive Cold causes the people to suffer from reddish complexion and yellow eyes; treatment should employ hot agents.
In acupuncture therapy, a reddish complexion involves selecting points from the Pericardium (Heart Master). The classics state: When the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian is disturbed, symptoms include reddish complexion and yellow eyes. Treatment should be based on observing excess or deficiency, heat or cold, and sinking or depression to select points.
(Treatment methods are detailed in the Jaundice section.)
[From *Nan Jing*] The external manifestations of the Spleen include a sallow complexion, frequent belching, excessive thinking, and heightened sense of taste. (Chapter 16)
[From *Su Wen*] When the Yangming Meridian Qi terminates, there is twitching of the mouth and eyes, frightfulness, delirious speech, and a sallow complexion. (From *Zhen Yao Jing Zhong Pian*)
[From *Nan Jing*] The external manifestations of the Lung include a pale complexion, frequent sneezing, sadness and sorrow, unhappiness, and a desire to cry. (Chapter 16)
In Blood depletion, the complexion is white, withered, and lacks luster, and the pulse is empty. (The full text is found in the chapter on treating Deficiency and Excess.)
[Li Dongyuan] Bajie Wan treats Lung disease characterized by a pale and unhappy complexion, which indicates depletion of Qi, Blood, Jin-Ye (Body Fluids), Essence, and Shen (Spirit). (Formula found in the Seminal Emission section.)
A tight pulse indicates Cold. Whether one has a pale complexion with frequent sneezing or a dull and ugly complexion, these are all signs of Cold. Use Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), and Gaoben (Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix) to drain the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian; add a small amount of Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) to unblock the pulse. If the complexion is dull accompanied by fear and dread, add Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) and Fuzi.
When Taiyang Meridian Qi terminates, there is retroversion of the eyes, opisthotonos with convulsions, a pale complexion, and profuse sweat of exhaustion.
When Shaoyang Meridian Qi terminates, there is deafness, flaccidity of all joints, severance of the visual axis, and a cyan-white complexion. (The full text for the above is found in the chapter on diagnosing life and death.)