审儿之病贵详参，要在安烦苦欲间，能食不食渴不渴，二便调和通秘勘，
发热无汗为表病，内热便□作里看，安烦昼夜阴阳证，若欲冷暖定热寒，
能食不食胃壮弱，渴与不渴胃热干，便稠粘秽为滞热，尿清不赤乃寒占，
耳尻肢凉知痘疹，指梢发冷主惊痫，肚腹热闷乃内热，四肢厥冷是中寒，
眉皱曲啼腹作痛，风热来临耳热缠，腹痛须按软与□，喜按不喜虚实参，
欲保赤子诚心辨，对证施方治不难。
[注]
小儿有病，贵乎详审，先问起居安烦苦欲何知，
次问饮食能食不食，渴与不渴，
又次问二便或通或柲，而后病源可识矣，
如发热无汗，此邪在表也，
内热便□，此邪在里也，
安烦者，谓昼若烦热而夜安静，是阳旺于阳分，其病在阳，
若夜烦热而昼安静，是阳陷于阴分，其病在阴，
若欲者，喜冷恶热皆属阳病，故为热也，
喜热恶冷皆属阴病，故为寒也，
胃壮者能食，胃弱者不能食，
胃干燥者口渴，胃湿盛者口不渴，
至于大使稠粘，秽气难闻者，是内有滞热，从热化也，
小便清白不赤为虚寒，从寒化也，
若耳梢冷，尻骨冷，四肢发冷者，此痘疹欲发之候，
如单指梢发冷者，此惊痫将作之征，
肚腹热闷主内热，手足厥冷主中寒，
小儿无故皱眉，曲腰啼叫者，主内因腹痛也，
两耳常常发热者，主外因风热也，
然腹痛又当按其或软与□，若喜接者为虚，不喜接者为实，
保赤者须诚心勘问，对证施治，庶随手奏效矣。
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The examination of a child's illness requires detailed investigation, focusing primarily on observing their state of agitation or calmness, discomfort, and desires. One must carefully assess whether the child can eat or not, whether they are thirsty or not, and whether their bowel movements and urination are unobstructed or constipated.
Fever accompanied by an absence of sweating indicates a Exterior syndrome (Biao Bing). Internal heat coupled with abnormal bowel movements indicates an Interior syndrome (Li Bing). Agitation during the day but calmness at night signifies a Yang syndrome; agitation at night but calmness during the day signifies a Yin syndrome. Preference for cold over heat determines a Heat pattern; preference for warmth over cold determines a Cold pattern.
The ability to eat suggests strong Stomach Qi; inability to eat suggests weak Stomach Qi. Thirst indicates Stomach Heat and dryness; lack of thirst indicates excess Dampness in the Stomach. Thick, sticky, and foul-smelling stools indicate internal stagnation-heat, transforming from heat. Clear, non-red urine indicates deficiency-cold, transforming from cold.
Coldness at the earlobes, sacrum, and limbs heralds the eruption of smallpox/variolous rash. Coldness specifically at the fingertips signals impending convulsions or epilepsy. A hot and stuffy abdomen indicates internal heat; cold extremities (Jue Leng) indicate central cold.
Frowning and crying while bending the waist indicate abdominal pain. Heat and entanglement in the ears indicate the approach of Wind-Heat. Abdominal pain should be assessed by palpation regarding softness or hardness: preference for pressure indicates a Deficiency pattern; aversion to pressure indicates an Excess pattern.
To preserve the health of infants, one must sincerely and thoroughly differentiate the condition. Prescribing formulas according to the syndrome makes treatment straightforward.
[Annotation]
In pediatric diseases, meticulous examination is paramount. First, inquire about daily life routines, as well as states of agitation/calmness and discomfort/desires, to infer the cause. Second, ask about diet: whether the child eats or refuses food, and whether they are thirsty or not. Third, ask about excretion: whether bowel movements and urination are free-flowing or obstructed. Only then can the source of the disease be identified.
For instance, fever without sweating indicates pathogenic factors in the Exterior. Internal heat with abnormal stool indicates pathogenic factors in the Interior.
"Agitation/Calmness" refers to daytime agitation/heat with nighttime calmness, indicating Yang Qi flourishing in the Yang aspect, thus the disease is in the Yang. Conversely, nighttime agitation/heat with daytime calmness indicates Yang Qi sinking into the Yin aspect, thus the disease is in the Yin.
"Desire" refers to preferences: liking cold and disliking heat belongs to Yang diseases, hence it is a Heat pattern; liking heat and disliking cold belongs to Yin diseases, hence it is a Cold pattern.
Those with strong Stomach function can eat; those with weak Stomach function cannot eat. Those with dry Stomach fluids feel thirsty; those with abundant Stomach Dampness do not feel thirsty.
Regarding large stools that are thick, sticky, and foul-smelling, this indicates internal stagnation-heat, transforming via heat. Clear, white, non-red urine indicates deficiency-cold, transforming via cold.
If the ear tips, sacrum, and limbs are cold, this is a sign that the rash (smallpox/chickenpox) is about to erupt. If only the fingertips are cold, this is a sign that convulsions or epilepsy are about to manifest.
A hot and stuffy abdomen indicates internal heat; cold hands and feet indicate central cold.
Children who frown and cry while bending their waists without apparent cause typically suffer from internal abdominal pain. Children whose ears are frequently hot typically suffer from external Wind-Heat.
However, abdominal pain must also be evaluated by palpation for softness or hardness. Preference for being pressed indicates a Deficiency pattern; aversion to being pressed indicates an Excess pattern.
Those seeking to protect infants must sincerely inquire and investigate, prescribing treatments based on the specific syndrome, thereby ensuring immediate efficacy.