小儿肌肤最柔脆，偶触风寒病荣卫，轻为感冒病易痊，重为伤寒证难退，
夹食夹热或夹惊，疏散和解宜体会。
[注]
小儿气血末充，肌肤柔脆，风寒所触，邪气入于腠理，荣卫受病，
轻者为感冒，易痊，重者为伤寒，难治，
又有夹食夹热夹惊等证或宜疏散，或宜和解，临证时细为体察焉。
%
感冒门
肺主皮毛感邪风，发热憎寒头痛疼，有汗嚏涕脉浮缓，鼻塞声重咳嗽频，
杏苏饮同金沸散，疏风解表莫从容。
[注]
伤风者，风邪伤卫也，卫主皮毛，内合于肺，
故令身体发热憎寒，头疼有汗，嚏涕鼻塞声重，不时咳嗽也，
脉浮缓宜杏苏饮解散外邪，继用金沸草散开通气逆则愈。
(杏苏饮) 杏仁炒去皮尖 紫苏 前胡 桔梗 枳壳麸炒 桑皮炒
黄芩 甘草生 麦冬去心 浙贝母去心 橘红 引用生姜水煎服。
(方歌)
杏苏饮治风伤肺，杏仁，紫苏前桔同，枳壳桑皮黄芩草，麦冬贝母合橘红。
(金沸草散)
细辛 荆芥 半夏姜制 旋覆花 前胡 甘草 赤苓 引用姜枣水煎服。
(方歌)
金沸草散微伤风，细辛荆芥半夏同，旋覆前胡生甘草，生姜红枣赤茯苓。
%
感冒门
小儿伤寒表感寒，发热无汗而恶寒，头痛身痛脉浮紧，呕逆烦渴病邪传，
初用羌活热通盛，邪传柴葛大柴煎。
[注]
伤寒者，乃寒邪伤表荣分也，
其证身体发热，恶寒无汗，头痛身痛，而脉浮紧，
若呕逆烦渴者，则为邪盛欲传经也，
此证初宜九味羌活汤，
如热盛者，以双解通圣汤治之，
服此药后已，汗下不解而传经者，用柴葛解肌汤
兼裹证者，用大柴胡汤以解表通里，因证施治，庶不致误。
(九味羌活汤) 苍术炒 白芷 川芎 细辛 羌活 防风 生地 黄芩
甘草生 引用生姜葱白水煎服，大便秘者，加大黄。
(方歌)
伤寒初起羌活汤，苍芷芎细合羌防，生地芩草姜葱入，便秘之时加大黄。
(双解通圣汤) 麻黄 朴硝 大黄 当归 赤芍 川芎 白术土炒 石膏
滑石 桔梗 栀子 连翘去心 黄芩 薄荷 甘草生 荆芥 防风
引用生姜葱白水煎服。
(方歌)
伤寒热盛通圣汤，表裹两解麻硝黄，归芍芎术膏滑桔，栀翘芩薄草荆防。
(柴葛解肌汤) 葛根 柴胡 白芷 羌活 桔梗 石膏 黄芩 赤芍药 甘草生
引用生姜红枣 水煎服。
(方歌)
柴葛解肌解三阳，葛根柴胡白芷羌，桔梗石膏芩赤芍，甘草煎服自安康。
(大柴胡汤)
柴胡 黄芩 赤芍药 半夏姜制 枳实麸炒 大黄 引用生姜大枣水煎服。
(方歌)
大柴胡治邪传经，少阳阳明表裹通，柴胡黄芩赤芍药，半夏枳实大黄同。
%
感冒门
The skin and flesh of infants are the most tender and fragile; a slight exposure to wind-cold pathogenic factors damages Ying (Nutritive Qi) and Wei (Defensive Qi). Mild cases are termed "Ganmao" (Common Cold) and recover easily, while severe cases are termed "Shanghan" (Cold Damage) with stubborn symptoms.
If complicated by food retention, heat pathogens, or fright, treatment should employ dispersing or harmonizing methods, requiring careful comprehension.
[Note]
Infants' Qi and Blood are not yet fully developed, and their skin and flesh are tender and fragile. When touched by wind-cold, pathogenic factors enter the Couli (pores and interstices), causing disease in Ying and Wei.
Mild cases constitute Ganmao (Common Cold), which is easy to cure; severe cases constitute Shanghan (Cold Damage), which is difficult to treat.
There are also syndromes complicated by food retention, heat, or fright. Some are suitable for dispersing methods, others for harmonizing methods. Clinicians must carefully observe these during practice.
%
Department of Common Cold
The Lung governs the skin and hair. Upon contracting wind pathogens, symptoms include fever, aversion to cold, and headache/pain.
With sweating, sneezing, rhinorrhea, and a floating-slow pulse, accompanied by nasal congestion, heavy voice, and frequent coughing,
Xingsu Yin (Apricot Kernel Decoction) combined with Jinfei San (Golden Whorlwort Powder) should be used to disperse wind and release the exterior; do not delay.
[Note]
Shangfeng (Wind Injury) refers to wind pathogens injuring Wei Qi. Wei Qi governs the skin and hair and internally connects with the Lung.
Thus, it causes body fever, aversion to cold, headache, sweating, sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, heavy voice, and intermittent coughing.
A floating-slow pulse indicates suitability for Xingsu Yin (Apricot Kernel Decoction) to dissipate external pathogens, followed by Jinfei Cao San (Golden Whorlwort Decoction) to open rebellious Qi, leading to recovery.
(Xingsu Yin) Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed, stir-fried, peel and tips removed), Zisu (Perilla Leaf), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, bran-stir-fried), Sangpi (Morus Alba Bark, stir-fried), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Sheng Gancao (Licorice Root, raw), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Tuber, heart removed), Zhe Beimu (Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, heart removed), Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum). Decoct with fresh ginger water.
(Prescription Song)
Xingsu Yin treats wind injuring the Lung, Apricot kernel, Perilla, Peucedanum, and Platycodon together; Aurantium, Mulberry bark, Scutellaria, and Licorice, Ophiopogon, Fritillaria, and Citrus reticulata peel combine.
(Jinfei San) Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Jiang Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber, ginger-processed), Xuanfu Hua (Inulae Flos), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Gancao (Licorice Root), Chiling (Poria Cocos with Red Mycelium). Decoct with fresh ginger and jujube water.
(Prescription Song)
Jinfei San for mild wind injury, Asari, Schizonepeta, and Pinellia together; Inula, Peucedanum, and raw Licorice, fresh ginger, red jujube, and Poria with red mycelium.
%
Department of Common Cold
Pediatric Shanghan involves exterior cold contraction, presenting with fever, anhidrosis, and aversion to cold, headache, body pain, and a floating-tight pulse. If vomiting, rebellious Qi, irritability, and thirst occur, the pathogen is transmitting.
Initially use Qianghuo Tang (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix Decoction); if heat is vigorous and the pathogen transmits, use Da Chai Hu Jian (Major Bupleurum Decoction).
[Note]
Shanghan refers to cold pathogens injuring the exterior Ying level.
Symptoms include body fever, aversion to cold, anhidrosis, headache, body pain, and a floating-tight pulse.
If vomiting, rebellious Qi, irritability, and thirst appear, it indicates excessive pathogenic strength attempting to transmit through meridians.
This syndrome initially suits Jiwei Qianghuo Tang (Nine-Ingredient Notopterygii Decoction).
If heat is vigorous, Shuangjie Tongsheng Tang (Double-Resolving Universal Salvation Decoction) is used.
After taking these medicines, if sweating or purging fails to resolve the condition and transmission occurs, Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang (Bupleurum and Kudzu Muscle-Releasing Decoction) is used.
For simultaneous exterior and interior involvement, Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is used to release the exterior and unblock the interior. Treatment must be adapted to the syndrome to avoid error.
(Jiwei Qianghuo Tang) Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, stir-fried), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Sheng Gancao (Licorice Root, raw). Decoct with fresh ginger and scallion white water. For constipation, add Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma).
(Prescription Song)
Shanghan initial stage uses Qianghuo Tang, Atractylodes, Angelica, Ligusticum, Asari, Notopterygium, and Saposhnikovia; Rehmannia, Scutellaria, Licorice, ginger, and scallion enter; when constipated, add Rheum.
(Shuangjie Tongsheng Tang) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Poxiao (Natri Sulfas), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, earth-stir-fried), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Huashi (Talcum), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus, heart removed), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Sheng Gancao (Licorice Root, raw), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix). Decoct with fresh ginger and scallion white water.
(Prescription Song)
Shanghan with intense heat uses Tongsheng Tang, releasing exterior and interior with Ephedra, Glauber salt, and Rheum; Angelica, Paeonia, Ligusticum, Atractylodes, Gypsum, Talc, Platycodon, Gardenia, Forsythia, Scutellaria, Mentha, Licorice, Schizonepeta, and Saposhnikovia.
(Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang) Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Chishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Sheng Gancao (Licorice Root, raw). Decoct with fresh ginger and red jujube water.
(Prescription Song)
Chai Ge Jie Ji releases the Three Yang meridians: Pueraria, Bupleurum, Angelica, and Notopterygium; Platycodon, Gypsum, Scutellaria, and Red Paeonia; decocted with Licorice for natural health.
(Da Chai Hu Tang) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Chishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Jiang Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber, ginger-processed), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, bran-stir-fried), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma). Decoct with fresh ginger and large jujube water.
(Prescription Song)
Da Chai Hu treats pathogen transmission, unblocking Shaoyang and Yangming exterior and interior; Bupleurum, Scutellaria, Red Paeonia, Pinellia, Aurantium immature fruit, and Rheum together.
%
Department of Common Cold