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4. Menstruation occurring every thirty days is normal; menstruation occurring once every two months is termed "Bingyue" (Combined Month); menstruation occurring once a year is termed "Bi Nian" (Avoiding Year); and the condition where menstruation never occurs throughout life yet pregnancy is still possible is termed "An Jing" (Hidden Menses).

【Note】Women belong to the Yin category, with blood as their primary substance. Their blood corresponds upward to the Taiyin (Lung meridian governing Qi and connecting to all vessels) and downward to the ocean tides. The moon has waxing and waning phases, and tides have morning and evening fluctuations. Menstruation occurring every thirty days aligns with these natural rhythms, hence it is also called "Yue Shui" (Monthly Water) or "Yue Xin" (Monthly Trust). For women, menstruation occurring once a month is the norm. If it arrives early or late, it indicates pathology. However, there are cases of menstruation occurring once every two months, termed "Bingyue"; once every three months, termed "Ju Jing" (Residing Menses); once a year, termed "Bi Nian"; and cases where menstruation never occurs throughout life yet conception remains possible, termed "An Jing". These variations arise from differences in innate constitution and are not diseases, requiring no treatment.

5. Hematemesis or epistaxis during menstruation, characterized by upward overflow and reckless flow, is termed "Ni Jing" (Rebellious Menses); menstruation continuing after conception is termed "Gou Tai" (Stained Fetus); bleeding after conception without fetal expulsion is termed "Lou Tai" (Leaking Fetus).

【Note】For women, menstruation occurring once a month is the norm. If hematemesis or epistaxis occurs during the menstrual period, with blood flowing recklessly downwards or upwards, this is called "Ni Jing". There are cases where, after conception, menstruation continues monthly until childbirth, termed "Gou Tai". There are cases where, several months after conception, sudden bleeding occurs but the fetus is not miscarried, termed "Lou Tai". All these represent deviations from normal menstruation.

6. When heaven and earth are mild and warm, the menses remain tranquil; cold causes coagulation, heat causes boiling, and wind causes turbulence; when pathogenic factors enter the uterus damaging the Chong and Ren meridians, the root cause of women's menstrual disorders is consistent with this principle.

【Note】The medical classics state: When heaven and earth are mild and warm, the menses remain tranquil. When the weather is cold and the earth frozen, the menses become stagnant and sluggish. When the weather is hot and the earth dry, the menses boil and overflow. When sudden storms arise, the menses surge like waves and rise up. When the Six Excesses (Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire) pathogenic factors enter the uterus, they damage the Chong and Ren meridians; thus, the fundamental basis for women's menstrual disorders lies in this same principle. For instance, cold causes blood coagulation, heat causes blood boiling, and wind causes blood turbulence resembling surging waves leading to massive hemorrhage, just as menses fail to remain calm when subjected to cold, heat, or wind influences.