1.五积六聚本难经, 七症八瘕载千金, 肠覃石瘕辨月事,?? 癖之名
别浅深, 脏积发时有常处, 腑聚忽散无本根, 症类积?? 瘕聚癖, 肠
满汁溢外寒因.
【注】五积, 六聚之名, 本乎『难经』. 五积者, 肥气, 伏梁, 痞气
,息贲, 奔豚也. 六聚者, 积之着于孙络, 缓筋, 募原, 膂筋, 肠后
,输脉也. 七症, 八瘕之名, 载『千金方』. 七症者, 蛟, 蛇, 鳖,
肉,发, 虱, 米也. 八瘕者, 青, 黄, 燥, 血, 脂, 狐, 蛇, 鳖也.
肠覃者, 积在肠外, 状如怀子, 月事以时而下. 石瘕者, 积在胞中,
状如怀子, 月事不以时下, 故曰辨月事也.?? 者, 外结募原肌肉之间
.癖者, 内结隐僻膂脊肠胃之后, 故曰别浅深也. 然积者属脏阴也,
故发有常处, 不离其部. 聚者属腑, 阳也, 故发无根本, 忽聚忽散.
症不移, 而可见, 故类积, 类?? 也. 瘕能移, 有时隐, 故类聚, 类
癖也. 积聚, 症瘕, 肠覃, 石瘕,?? 癖之疾, 皆得之于喜怒不节则伤
脏,饮食过饱则伤腑, 肠胃填满, 汁液外溢, 为外寒所袭, 与内气血
,食物凝结相成也.
1. The terms "Wu Ji" (Five Accumulations) and "Liu Ju" (Six Gatherings) originate from the *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues), while "Qi Zheng" (Seven Symptoms/Masses) and "Ba Xia" (Eight Masses) are recorded in the *Qian Jin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold). Differentiating between Chang Tan (Intestinal Polyp/Tumor) and Shi Xia (Stone Mass) requires observing menstrual cycles; distinguishing the names of Fu Liang (Fouliang Accumulation), Pi Qi (Piqi Accumulation), and Pi (Hidden Mass) helps determine the depth of the pathology. Accumulations in Zang organs manifest at fixed locations, whereas Gatherings in Fu organs have no fixed root, appearing and disappearing suddenly. Zheng masses resemble Accumulations, while Xia masses resemble Gatherings and Hidden Masses; these conditions lead to abdominal fullness and overflow of fluids due to external cold invasion.
[Note] The names "Wu Ji" and "Liu Ju" are based on the *Nan Jing*. The "Wu Ji" refers to Fei Qi (Liver Accumulation), Fu Liang (Heart/Stomach Accumulation), Pi Qi (Spleen Accumulation), Xi Ben (Lung Accumulation), and Ben Tun (Kidney Accumulation). The "Liu Ju" refers to accumulations attaching to Sun Luo (Branch Collaterals), Huan Jin (Relaxing Tendons), Mu Yuan (Sea of Origin), Lv Jin (Back Tendons), Chang Hou (Behind Intestines), and Shu Mai (Transporting Vessels). The names "Qi Zheng" and "Ba Xia" are recorded in the *Qian Jin Fang*. The "Qi Zheng" refers to Jiao (Dragon-like mass), She (Snake-like mass), Bie (Turtle-like mass), Rou (Flesh-like mass), Fa (Hair-like mass), Shi (Lice-like mass), and Mi (Rice-like mass). The "Ba Xia" refers to Qing (Green), Huang (Yellow), Zao (Dry), Xue (Blood), Zhi (Fat), Hu (Fox), She (Snake), and Bie (Turtle) types of Xia masses. Chang Tan is an accumulation outside the intestines, resembling pregnancy, but menstruation occurs on time. Shi Xia is an accumulation within the uterus (Bao Zhong), also resembling pregnancy, but menstruation is irregular; hence, differentiation relies on menstrual status. The condition referred to as [Missing Character, likely Fu Liang/Pi Qi] involves結聚 (binding/knotting) between the Mu Yuan and muscles. Pi (Hidden Mass) involves binding in hidden or remote areas, such as behind the spinal muscles and intestines; thus, they are distinguished by their depth. However, Accumulations belong to Zang organs and Yin, so they manifest at fixed locations without leaving their respective regions. Gatherings belong to Fu organs and Yang, so they have no fixed root, gathering and scattering suddenly. Zheng masses do not move and are visible, so they are classified similarly to Accumulations and [Missing Character]. Xia masses can move and sometimes disappear, so they are classified similarly to Gatherings and Pi. Diseases such as Accumulation, Gathering, Zheng, Xia, Chang Tan, Shi Xia, [Missing Character], and Pi all arise from unregulated emotions injuring the Zang organs, overeating injuring the Fu organs, leading to fullness in the stomach and intestines, overflow of fluid juices, invasion by external cold, and coagulation with internal Qi, Blood, and food residues.