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1. Low back pain may be caused by Kidney deficiency (Shen Xu), invasion of Wind-Cold-Dampness pathogens, as well as Phlegm-Fluid retention (Tan Yin), Qi stagnation (Qi Zhi) and Blood stasis (Xue Yu). Combined with Damp-Heat (Shi Re) and sprain/trauma (Shan Cuo), there are nine types in total. If the patient's facial complexion suddenly turns red or black, it indicates a critical condition of Heart-Kidney conflict (Xin Shen Jiao Zheng), which is difficult to treat.

[Note] The syndrome of low back pain has different etiologies, including Kidney deficiency, Wind pathogen, Cold pathogen, Dampness pathogen, Phlegm-Fluid retention, Qi stagnation, Blood stasis, Damp-Heat, and sprain/trauma. In cases where low back pain is extremely severe and the facial complexion fluctuates between red and black, this represents a struggle between Heart and Kidney Qi, constituting a refractory syndrome.

An Shen Wan (Treatment Method for Low Back Pain)
2. For lingering low back pain accompanied by deficiency and weakness, Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis Decoction), Qing E Wan (Black Walnut Pill), or An Shen Wan can be used. An Shen Wan consists of Halobag Semen (Hulu Ba), Psoraleae Fructus (Buguzhi), Fructus Toosendanii (Chuan Lian Rou), Radix Dipsaci (Chuan Xuduan), Semen Persicae (Tao Ren), Semen Armeniacae Amarum (Xing Ren), Fructus Foeniculi (Xiao Hui Xiang), Poria (Fu Ling), and Rhizoma Dioscoreae (Shan Yao). It should be taken with Salt Water (Yan Tang) as a guiding vehicle.

[Note] "Jisheng" refers to Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang. "Qing E Wan" consists of Psoraleae Fructus, Cortex Eucommiae (Duzhong), and Semen Juglandis (Hetaoren). "An Shen Wan" consists of Halobag Semen, Psoraleae Fructus, Fructus Toosendanii, Radix Dipsaci, Semen Persicae, Semen Armeniacae Amarum, Fructus Foeniculi, Poria, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae. "Salt" refers to using Salt Water as a guiding vehicle.

Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang (Notopterygium Decoction for Overcoming Dampness), Tong Jing Wan (Meridian-Penetrating Pill)
3. For low back pain of Cold pattern, which alleviates with heat, Jia Wei Wu Ji San (Modified Five Accumulations Powder: Wu Ji San plus Radix Coptidis? No, Fructus Evodiae (Wu Zhu Yu), Semen Persicae, Cortex Eucommiae) can be used; for heavy and fixed Cold-Dampness, Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang plus Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Fuzi) can be used; for internal excess accumulation, Tong Jing Wan (Sulfur, Semen Sinapis Albae Nigrum Head Powder, Wheat Flour pills boiled until floating, taken when floating, from Ben Cao) can be used; for wind-induced pain that is irregular and radiates to the foot, if the meridians are deficient, Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang should be used to cure it; if the meridians are excess, sweating is required to resolve it, so Xiao Xu Ming Tang (Minor Continuation of Life Decoction) plus Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae (Niuxi), Cortex Eucommiae, and Stir-fried Squama Manis (Chuanshanjia) can be used.

[Note] Wu Ji San here refers to Wu Ji San plus Fructus Evodiae, Semen Persicae, and Cortex Eucommiae. Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang refers to Fang Feng Tong Qi Tang plus Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata. Tong Jing Wan consists of Sulfur, Semen Sinapis Albae Nigrum Head Powder, and Wheat Flour, made into pills, boiled, and taken when they float; this formula is cited from Ben Cao. Xiao Xu Ming Tang plus Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Cortex Eucommiae, and Stir-fried Squama Manis.

Tong Qi San (Ventilate Qi Powder), Huo Luo Dan (Unblock Collaterals Pill)
4. For low back pain due to Qi stagnation and sprain/trauma, Tong Qi San can be used, which consists of Radix Aucklandoniae (Muxiang), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chenpi), Squama Manis (Chuanshanjia), Radix Corydalis Yanhusuo (Yuanhusuo), Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao), Fructus Foeniculi, and Rhizoma Alismatis? No, Rhizoma Alismatis is Fangji, here Bai Qianniu (Semen Pharbitidis). For blood stasis that does not move, feeling like needle pricks, worse at night and better during the day, Huo Luo Dan can be used, which consists of Radix Aconiti Karakorum (Chuanwu), Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii (Caowu), Rhizoma Arisaematis (Nanxing), Pheretima (Dilong), Resina Draconis (Ruxiang), and Resina Myrrhae (Moyao).

[Note] Tong Qi San consists of Radix Aucklandoniae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Squama Manis, Radix Corydalis Yanhusuo, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Fructus Foeniculi, and Semen Pharbitidis. Huo Luo Dan consists of Radix Aconiti Karakorum, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Rhizoma Arisaematis, Pheretima, Resina Draconis, and Resina Myrrhae.

Cang Bai San (Atractylodes and Phellodendron Powder), Wei Shen San (Roasted Kidney Powder)
5. For low back pain due to Damp-Heat pouring downward, Cang Bai San can be used, consisting of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Cangzhu), Cortex Phellodendri (Huangbai), Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Cortex Eucommiae, Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae (Fangji), Pericarpium Quisqualis (Mugua), and Radix Chuanxiong. If the waist feels covered by an object, this is due to accumulation of Damp-Phlegm; Wei Shen San can be effective. This powder involves cutting open a pig kidney, inserting Zanthoxylum Pericarpium (Chuanjiao), Sodium Chloride (Yan), and Radix Kansui Powder (Gansui), wrapping it in wet paper, roasting it until cooked, and consuming it with wine.

[Note] Cang Bai San consists of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Cortex Eucommiae, Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae, Pericarpium Quisqualis, and Radix Chuanxiong. Wei Shen San involves cutting open a pig kidney, placing Zanthoxylum Pericarpium, Sodium Chloride, and Radix Kansui Powder inside, wrapping in wet paper, roasting until cooked, and eating with wine.