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5. Stiffness and rigidity of the neck and back, resembling the posture of a bird stretching its neck (Ji Ji), indicates Taiyang disease (disease of the Taiyang channel). If the pulse is floating and there is no sweating, Gegen Tang (Kudzu Root Decoction) should be used; if there is sweating, Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) with added Gegen (Kudzu Root) should be used. If the pulse is deep, Gualou Guizhi Tang (Trichosanthes Root and Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is indicated. In Jie Xiong (Chest Binding) syndrome presenting with neck stiffness resembling Rou Jing (Soft Spasm, characterized by sweating and stiffness), Daxiexiong Wan (Major Draining the Chest Pill) for purging will lead to recovery. If Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) symptoms are present, sweating or purging methods must not be used; instead, Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) with Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome) removed and Gualou Gen (Trichosanthes Root) added is appropriate.

[Annotation] Neck stiffness is a manifestation of Taiyang disease. Stiffness of the neck and back involves both Taiyang and Yangming diseases. "Ji Ji" describes a state of severe stiffness and rigidity. A floating pulse belongs to the exterior patterns of the two Yang channels (Taiyang and Yangming). If there is no sweating, it indicates transmission from Shang Han (Cold Damage), and Gegen Tang is suitable. If there is sweating, it indicates transmission from Feng Zhong (Wind Strike), and Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang (Guizhi Tang plus Kudzu Root) is suitable. A deep pulse indicates that the pathogen has entered the chest interior, and Gualou Guizhi Tang is indicated. Jie Xiong refers to Chest Binding syndrome; neck stiffness resembling Rou Jing implies neck stiffness with opisthotonos (back arching) and sweating, similar to the presentation of Rou Jing, for which Daxiexiong Wan is indicated. "Only seeing Shaoyang" refers to neck stiffness caused by concurrent Taiyang and Shaoyang disease. "Do not sweat or purge" means that once the pathogen enters Shaoyang, sweating and purging methods are contraindicated; Xiaochaihu Tang with Banxia removed and Gualou Gen added is the primary treatment. "Liang" means good or effective. The formula Gualou Guizhi Tang is recorded in Jin Gui Yao Lue (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet).

6. Body pain without prior sweating indicates an Exterior Excess pattern; body pain after sweating indicates an Exterior Deficiency pattern. For the latter, Guizhi Xinjia Tang (Guizhi Decoction with Added Ingredients) is used, which consists of Guizhi Tang with doubled Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) and Shaoyao (Peony Root), plus Renshen (Ginseng Root). If the Chi position of the pulse is slow indicating blood deficiency, Jianzhong Tang (Establish the Middle Decoction) with Huangqi (Astragalus Root) should be used. Shaoyin disease presenting with cold limbs is treated with Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction). Jueyin disease presenting with incessant sweating and diarrhea of undigested food is treated with Sini Tang (Recover the Pulse Decoction). Rheumatism causing generalized body pain and difficulty in turning the body, accompanied by pulling pain and restlessness, is treated with Guizhi Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction).

[Annotation] Body pain without prior sweating belongs to an Exterior Excess pattern, for which Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is suitable. Body pain after sweating belongs to an Exterior Deficiency pattern, for which Guizhi Xinjia Tang is suitable. This formula is Guizhi Tang with increased amounts of Shengjiang and Shaoyao, plus Renshen. "Gui Jia" refers to adding these ingredients to Guizhi Tang. "Chi chi xue shao Jianzhong Qi" means that body pain with a slow pulse at the Chi position indicates insufficient blood and Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi); even without prior sweating, diaphoresis is contraindicated, and one should directly use Jianzhong Tang with Huangqi to tonify Ying and Blood. "Shaoyin" refers to body pain accompanied by a deep pulse and cold limbs characteristic of Shaoyin disease. "Fuzi Zhi" means treating with Fuzi Tang. "Jueyin" refers to body pain accompanied by Jue Ni (cold extremities), incessant sweating, and diarrhea of undigested food characteristic of Jueyin disease. "Sini Yi" means treating with Sini Tang. "Feng Shi" refers to body pain caused by Wind-Dampness. "Jin tong nan zhuan ce" means that Dampness causes generalized body pain making it difficult to turn the body. "Che yin fan teng" means that Wind causes pulling sensations in the sinews and vessels, resulting in painful restlessness. "Gui Fu Yi" means using Guizhi Fuzi Tang is appropriate.