《本草经》云∶古秤唯有铢两而无分名，今则以十黍为一铢，六铢为一分，四分成一两，
十
又云∶凡方有云分等者，非分两之分，谓诸药斤两多少皆同耳。
又云∶凡散药有云刀圭、十分、方寸匕∶（必履反，匙也）之一准如梧子大也。方寸匕
者，作
此为方
又云∶钱五匕者，今五铢钱边五字者。（今按∶《葛氏方》云∶五铢钱重五铢也。）
又云∶一撮（粗活反）者，四刀圭也。十撮为一夕（之药反），十夕为一合，（今按∶《千
金方
为一
又云∶药升方作上径一寸，下径六分，深八分。
又云∶凡丸药有云如细麻者，即胡麻也。又以十六黍为一大豆也。如大麻者，即大麻子
准三
以
如梧子十丸为度。如弹丸及鸡子黄者，以十梧子准之。（今按∶方寸匕散为丸如梧子，得十
六丸，如弹丸一枚。若鸡子黄者准四十丸，今以弹丸同鸡子黄，此甚不等也。）
又云∶巴豆如干枚者，粒有大小，当先去心皮竟，称之，以一分准十六枚。又云∶附子
乌头
重
又云∶枳实如干枚者，去核竟，以一分准二枚。橘皮一分准三枚。枣有大小，以三枚准
一两。干姜一累者以一两为正。（今按∶《千金方》∶干姜一累以半两为正。《录验方》云∶干
姜、生姜一累数者，其一支为累，取肥大者。《范汪方》云∶凡无生姜，可用干姜一两当二
两。）
又云∶桂一尺者，削去皮竟，重半两为正。（今按∶《范汪方》云∶桂一尺若五寸者，以
广六分，浓三分为正。《录验方》∶桂一尺若数寸是，以浓二分、广六分为准。）
又云∶甘草一尺者，重二两为正。（今按∶《范汪方》∶甘草一尺若五寸者大小，以径一
寸为正。《录验方》∶甘草一尺若数寸者，以径半寸为准，去赤皮炙之，令不吐。《短剧方》
云∶以径头一寸为准。）
又方∶凡方云半夏一升者，洗竟称五两为正。（今按∶苏敬云∶半夏一升以八两为正。）
又云∶凡椒一升三两为正，吴茱萸一升，五两为正；蛇床子一升，三两半；地肤子一升，
四两；菟丝子一升，重有九两； （于炎反） （力鱼反）子一升四两。（今按∶苏敬云∶
三
又云∶凡方云某草一束者，以重三两为正；云一把者，重二两为正。（今按∶《范汪方》∶
麻黄若他草一者，以重三两为正。《录验方》∶麻黄一把一握者，并以重三两为准。）
又云∶蜜一斤者，有七合；猪膏一斤者，一升二合。《范汪方》云∶胶一廷如三指大，
长三
一KT ，长一尺，径三寸是也。《经心方》云∶胡粉十二棋。（博棋者，大小方寸是也。按∶
棋者，牙棋子。）《短剧方》云∶凡黄柏一斤者，以重二两为准。人参一枚者以重二分为准。
又云∶凡浓朴一尺及数寸者，以浓三分、广一寸半为准。又云∶服汤云一杯者，以三合酒杯
子
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) states: In ancient times, the scale only had units of zhu (铢) and liang (两), without the name "fen" (分). Currently, it is defined that ten grains of millet weigh one zhu, six zhus make one fen, and four fens make one liang.
It also states: Whenever a prescription mentions "fen," it does not refer to the weight unit fen, but rather indicates that the proportions of jin (斤) and liang for all herbs are consistent.
Furthermore, it states: For powdered medicines mentioned as daogui (刀圭), shifen (十分), or fangcunbi (方寸匕): (pronounced 'bi lv', meaning spoon) their size is equivalent to that of a sophora seed (wuzi, 梧子). A fangcunbi refers to a measure... [text missing] ...this is for prescriptions... [text missing].
It also states: Qianwubi (钱五匕) refers to the five-zhu coins with the character "five" on the edge in current circulation. (Note: The *Ge Shi Fang* states: Five-zhu coins weigh five zhus.)
It also states: One cuo (一撮, pronounced 'cu huo') equals four daogui. Ten cuos make one xi (一夕, pronounced 'zhi yao'), and ten xis make one he (合). (Note: The *Qianjin Fang*... [text missing] ...wei... [text missing].
It also states: The medicinal sheng (升) vessel has an upper diameter of one cun, a lower diameter of six fen, and a depth of eight fen.
It also states: When pills are described as being the size of fine hemp seeds, this refers to sesame seeds (huma, 胡麻). Sixteen millet grains weigh the same as one soybean. The size of large hemp seeds refers to cannabis seeds... [text missing] ...zhun san... [text missing].
Using... [text missing] ...ten pills the size of sophora seeds as the standard. Pills the size of a bullet or egg yolk are calculated based on ten sophora-seed-sized pills. (Note: One fangcunbi of powder yields sixteen pills the size of sophora seeds; one pill the size of a bullet. If the size of an egg yolk, it equates to forty pills. Equating bullet-sized pills with egg-yolk-sized pills is inaccurate.)
It also states: For Ba Dou (Crotonis Fructus, 巴豆) measured by count, since sizes vary, the heart and skin should be removed first, then weighed. One fen weighs equivalent to sixteen seeds. It also states: Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, 附子) and Wu Tou (Aconiti Radix, 乌头)... [text missing] ...zhong... [text missing].
It also states: For Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 枳实) measured by count, after removing the core, one fen weighs equivalent to two pieces. Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 橘皮) one fen weighs equivalent to three pieces. Dates vary in size; three pieces weigh one liang. Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 干姜) one lei (累) weighs one liang. (Note: The *Qianjin Fang* states: One lei of Gan Jiang weighs half a liang. The *Lu Yan Fang* states: The quantity of Gan Jiang or Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 生姜) referred to as one lei consists of one piece, selecting the plump ones. The *Fan Wang Fang* states: If fresh ginger is unavailable, one liang of dried ginger can substitute for two liang of fresh ginger.)
It also states: Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 桂枝) one chi long, after peeling, weighs half a liang. (Note: The *Fan Wang Fang* states: Gui Zhi one chi or five cun long, with a width of six fen and thickness of three fen, is correct. The *Lu Yan Fang* states: Gui Zhi one chi or several cun long, with a thickness of two fen and width of six fen, is the standard.)
It also states: Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix, 甘草) one chi long weighs two liang. (Note: The *Fan Wang Fang* states: Gan Cao one chi or five cun long, regardless of size, with a diameter of one cun is correct. The *Lu Yan Fang* states: Gan Cao one chi or several cun long, with a diameter of half a cun, peeled of red skin and roasted to prevent vomiting, is the standard. The *Duan Ju Fang* states: Use a diameter of one cun as the standard.)
Another prescription: For Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 半夏) one sheng, after washing, weighs five liang. (Note: Su Jing states: One sheng of Ban Xia weighs eight liang.)
It also states: Jiao (花椒, Zanthoxylum Bungeanum, 椒) one sheng weighs three liang; Wu Zhu Yu (Evodiae Fructus, 吴茱萸) one sheng weighs five liang; She Chuang Zi (Cnidii Fructus, 蛇床子) one sheng weighs three and a half liang; Di Fu Zi (Kochiae Scapula, 地肤子) one sheng weighs four liang; Tu Si Zi (Cuscutae Semen, 菟丝子) one sheng weighs nine liang; (Yu Yan Fan) (Li Yu Fan) Zi one sheng weighs four liang. (Note: Su Jing states:... [text missing] ...san... [text missing].)
It also states: Any herb mentioned as one bundle weighs three liang; one handful weighs two liang. (Note: The *Fan Wang Fang* states: Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, 麻黄) or other herbs one bundle weighs three liang. The *Lu Yan Fang* states: Ma Huang one handful or one grasp weighs three liang.)
It also states: One jin of honey equals seven he; one jin of Zhu Gao (Suis Medulla, 猪膏) equals one sheng and two he. The *Fan Wang Fang* states: One piece of Jiao (Gelatinum Corii Asini, 胶) is as large as three fingers, length... [text missing] ...yi KT, length one chi, diameter three cun. The *Jing Xin Fang* states: Hu Fen (Cerussa, 胡粉) twelve qi (chess pieces). (Bo Qi refers to square chess pieces of one cun size. Note: Qi refers to ivory chess pieces.) The *Duan Ju Fang* states: One jin of Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex, 黄柏) weighs two liang as the standard. One piece of Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix, 人参) weighs two fen as the standard.
It also states: Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, 浓朴/厚朴) one chi or several cun long, with a thickness of three fen and width of one and a half cun, is the standard. It also states: One cup of decoction (Tang, 汤) equals three he of wine cup capacity... [text cuts off]