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The back belongs to Yang, and the abdomen belongs to Yin. Aversion to cold in the back is due to insufficiency of Yang Qi and excess of Yin-Cold pathogenic factors. If aversion to cold is caused by Wind-Cold pathogens at the exterior, the entire body will feel cold. If Yang Qi is depleted and Yin Qi is excessive, with Cold pathogens inside the interior, the mouth feels neutral (neither bitter nor dry), there is no fever, but only aversion to cold in the back; this belongs to Shaoyin Disease (diseases affecting the Shaoyin meridians). It should be treated with warming methods, primarily using Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction). If Yin Qi is slight and Yang Qi is vigorous, with Heat pathogens sinking into the interior, the mouth is dry and hot, yet there is aversion to cold in the back; this belongs to Yangming Disease (diseases affecting the Yangming meridians). It should be treated with clearing methods, primarily using Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng). Although all three conditions manifest as severe aversion to cold, they differ in terms of Yin/Yang and Cold/Heat, which can be distinguished by observing whether the mouth is moist or dry.

"Aversion to wind" refers to fear upon seeing wind; in a sealed room, there is no such fear. This occurs because Wind pathogens damage Wei Qi (defensive Qi that circulates outside the vessels and defends against external pathogens), leading to weakness of Wei Qi and laxity of Couli (skin texture and sweat pores), resulting in sweating and aversion to wind. The function of Wei Qi is to warm the muscles, fill the skin, make Couli dense, and regulate the opening and closing of sweat pores. If Wind pathogens invade Wei Qi, aversion to wind inevitably occurs. Why? Because Wind damages Wei Qi, while Cold damages Ying Qi (nutritive Qi that circulates within the vessels). When Wei Qi is attacked by Wind pathogens, the muscles lose warmth and become hot; the skin and hair lose nourishment and become flaccid; Couli loses its density, becoming loose and not tight; the regulation of opening and closing fails, leading to leakage without consolidation; thus, aversion to wind arises. However, both aversion to wind and aversion to cold are exterior syndromes. Comparing the two: those with aversion to cold appear timid and feel cold even without facing wind; whereas those with aversion to wind feel relaxed and unafraid when staying in a sealed room or behind curtains, but shiver with fear when fanned or exposed to direct wind—this is aversion to wind. Aversion to cold may belong to Yang syndromes or Yin syndromes; however, aversion to wind exclusively belongs to Yang syndromes, unlike aversion to cold which has Yin/Yang distinctions. Therefore, Taiyin, Shaoyin, and Jueyin diseases (collectively known as Three Yin Diseases) do not present with aversion to wind. Although aversion to wind always indicates an exterior syndrome, the dispersing treatment methods vary. If there is no sweating and aversion to wind, it is Shanghan (Cold Damage); sweating should be induced. If there is sweating and aversion to wind, it is Fengzhong (Wind Strike); the muscle layer should be harmonized. If indications for purgation are fully present but aversion to wind persists, the exterior must be resolved first. Additionally, excessive sweating leading to collapse of Yang Qi (extreme depletion of Yang Qi) and Bi syndrome (painful obstruction syndrome) caused by Wind-Dampness both present with aversion to wind. If excessive sweating leads to continuous dripping of sweat, indicating weak Wei Qi and collapse of Yang Qi, accompanied by aversion to wind and a floating pulse, Guizhi Jia Zhu Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Atractylodis Macrocephalae Herba and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata) must be used to warm the channels, assist Yang, and secure Wei Qi. If Wind and Dampness contend with each other, causing severe joint pain, spontaneous sweating due to excess Dampness, lax Couli, aversion to wind, and shortness of breath, Gancao Fuzi Tang (Licorice and Aconite Decoction) must be used to scatter Dampness and secure Wei Qi. From this, it is clear that aversion to wind is related to Wei Qi dysfunction.