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Xiangru (Two Liang) Bai Biandou (Coix Seed, *Coicis Semen*) Nongpu (Stir-fried with Ginger Juice, *Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex*) Fushen (One Liang each, *Poria with Hostwood*) Zhi Gancao (Half Liang, Honey-fried Licorice Root, *Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata*)

When malaria attacks, characterized by fever alone without chills, it is named Dan Malaria (Malaria with only heat and no cold). This should be attributed to Summerheat (*Shu*), and this formula is suitable for its treatment.

Summerheat is a Yang pathogenic factor. The *Neijing* states: "A deficient pulse and body heat result from injury by summerheat." It also states: "Affected by summerheat, there is sweating; if vexed, there is panting and shouting; if quiet, there is excessive talking; the body feels like burning charcoal." Therefore, malaria with only heat and no cold is attributed to the influence of summerheat. Xiangru has a light taste and clear aroma, capable of resolving summerheat in both the exterior and interior; Biandou has a sweet taste and neutral nature, capable of resolving summerheat in the intestines and stomach; Nongpu is bitter and acrid, capable of breaking up summerheat-dampness retention; Gancao has a neutral nature and resolves summerheat toxicity. The *Yijing* says: "Fire tends toward dryness." Thus, when summerheat pathogen invades the human body, it first affects the Heart. The use of Fushen is intended to calm the Heart and spirit. One might ask: Wind is also a Yang pathogen; why is Dan Malaria not attributed to Wind? I reply: Wind corresponds to Shaoyang and Jueyin, and in the Six Qi, it is not purely Yang. In clinical practice and prescription, acrid-hot drugs are certainly contraindicated, but acrid-cool dispersing agents may be used appropriately. This depends on the physician's profound study; one need not rigidly adhere to a single formula.

Fuzi (One Pill, boiled in salt water, skin and umbilicus removed) Dazao (Seven Dates, *Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus*)

When malaria attacks, characterized by cold alone without fever and a slow pulse, it is named Pin Malaria (Malaria with only cold and no heat). This should be attributed to Cold (*Han*), and this formula is suitable for its treatment.

"Pin" denotes Yin. Wang Bing stated: "Replenish the source of Fire to eliminate the shadows of Yin." Therefore, for malaria with only cold and no heat, the acridity of Fuzi is used as the principal agent, assisted by seven Dazao, to harmonize the heat of Fuzi and guide it into the deepest Yin.

Shuqi (Burned to remove fishy odor) Yunmu (Burned for two days and nights) Longgu (Equal parts, *Fossil Bones*)

Grind all together into powder. Take half a Qian before the onset of the attack, administered with Jiangshui (fermented grain water).

This is Zhang Zhongjing's formula for treating Pin Malaria. It is indicated for etiologies involving stubborn phlegm (*Wan Tan*) and mass formations (*Zhijia*).

"Pin" denotes Yin, lacking the name of Yang. Stubborn phlegm is transformed from extreme Yin, and *Zhijia* represents condensed Yin pathogen; thus, they cause cold without heat. Shuqi, Yunmu, and Longgu, after being calcined, become astringent and acrid-hot. The astringency can secure yang that has already escaped, and the acrid-heat can dissolve consolidated yin. When Zhang Zhongjing treated conditions of Yang collapse caused by fire therapy劫夺 (coercion), he modified Guizhi Tang by removing Shaoyao and adding Shuqi and Longgu, naming it Jiuni Tang (Rescue the Perdition Decoction). This demonstrates that these substances are purely Yang. Yunmu burned for two days and nights loses its cold nature and becomes purely Yang, making it suitable for Zhang Zhongjing's use.