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Yin Meridian Yin Syndromes
When cold pathogen directly invades the Yin meridians, the pulse is deep, slow, and weak. The body feels heavy. External symptoms include cold limbs (Jue Leng), body pain, blueish lips, abdominal fullness, absence of thirst, and normal bowel movements. Si Ni Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) is indicated.

In Shaoyin disease presenting with abdominal pain, spontaneous sweating, and vomiting, Li Zhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) is indicated.

In Jueyin disease presenting with cold limbs extending to the extremities, a hidden pulse, and blueish lips, Jiang Fu Tang (Ginger and Aconite Decoction) is indicated.

When cold pathogen invades the Yin meridians causing vomiting, diarrhea, Yang collapse, and absence of pulse, first administer good wine mixed with ginger juice. If the pulse returns, it is treatable; if the pulse remains absent, it is difficult to treat.

Chills, fever, headache, pain in all joints, anhidrosis, and clear urination indicate a Exterior Syndrome (Biao Zheng). Sweating therapy should be applied. For standard exterior syndromes, Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is indicated. For resolving the exterior, Shi Shen Tang (Ten Spirit Decoction), Xiong Zhi Xiang Su San (Ligusticum, Chrysanthemum, Perilla, and Polyporus Powder), or Qiang Huo Chong He Tang (Notopterygium and Harmonizing Decoction) are indicated.

Fever, headache, body pain, aversion to wind, spontaneous sweating, and reddish urine indicate a need to secure the exterior. For standard exterior syndromes, Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is indicated. For resolving the exterior, He Jie San (Harmonizing Powder), Xiong Su San (Ligusticum and Perilla Powder), Jie Ji Tang (Release Muscle Decoction), or Ren Shen Bai Du San (Ginseng and Detoxification Powder) are indicated.

If after taking previous medicines the patient still experiences chills and the exterior syndrome has not resolved, do not immediately use purgatives. Bai Du San (Detoxification Powder), Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang (Kudzu Root and Cimicifuga Decoction), or Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) are indicated.

Fever, chest fullness, hypochondriac pain, deafness, and bitter taste constitute a Shaoyang Syndrome (Shaoyang Bing). Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated.

Alternating chills and fever with headache. Chai Hu Shi Gao Tang (Bupleurum and Gypsum Decoction) and Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) are indicated.

Body heat, eye pain, nasal dryness, insomnia, irritability, thirst, and red face constitute a Yangming Meridian Syndrome (Yangming Jing Bing). Muscle-releasing therapy is indicated using Chai Hu Ge Gen Tang (Bupleurum and Kudzu Root Decoction) or Jie Ji Tang (Release Muscle Decoction).

Fever, dry lips, dry tongue, and thirst. Si Shun Qing Liang Yin (Four-Compliant Cooling and Clearing Drink) and Liang Ge San (Cooling the Diaphragm Powder) are indicated.

Fever, chest fullness, dry tongue and mouth, floating and rapid pulse, and constipation. Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated.

Body heat, epigastric stuffiness, bitter taste, and dry retching. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus) and Zhu Ru (Bambusa Textilis Caulis) is indicated.

Fever, thirst, bitter taste, and hypochondriac pain. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Tian Hua Fen (Trichosanthes Radix) and Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber) is indicated.

Wheezing, coughing, dry retching, or thirst, with loose stools, reddish urine, and abdominal distension. Careful examination is required as excessive water intake may cause fluid retention in the chest. Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Green Dragon Decoction) is indicated.

Shanghan (Cold Damage) without chills but with aversion to heat, sweating on palms and axillae, constipation, reddish urine, dry mouth and tongue, abdominal fullness, and shortness of breath. Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated.

Irritability, mania, climbing walls or roofs, delirium, and lack of discrimination between kin and strangers. Huang Lian Jie Du San (Coptis Detoxification Powder) is indicated.

Heat pathogen entering the interior causing irritability, thirst, and constipation. Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction), Liang Ge San (Cooling the Diaphragm Powder), and Xi Xin San (Washing the Heart Powder) are indicated.

Pathogen invading Yin meridians without Yang symptoms, presenting with cold limbs and body pain. Si Ni Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) is indicated.

○ Shanghan with simultaneous Exterior and Interior non-resolution
Floating and large pulse indicates sweating is needed. However, if the patient has fever, irritability, and thirst, purgation is also needed. This is simultaneous Exterior and Interior non-resolution. Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is indicated.

If fire pathogen causes fever for six or seven days without resolution, presenting with both exterior and interior signs, turbid qi rising, drinking water that is immediately vomited, named Water Inversion (Shui Ni). Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is indicated.

○ Shanghan with both Exterior and Interior symptoms present
If the disease persists for five or six days without resolution, with headache, fever, chest fullness, and shortness of breath. Da Qing Long Tang (Major Green Dragon Decoction) is indicated.

○ Shanghan Half-Exterior Half-Interior
If the patient has subcostal pain, anorexia, hard stool, and a deep, thin pulse, this is an Interior Syndrome requiring purgation. However, if there is also headache, slight chills, and cold limbs, sweating is required. This is simultaneous Exterior and Interior symptoms. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus) and Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus) is indicated.

○ Shanghan with simultaneous Exterior and Interior non-resolution
If the exterior syndrome is unremoved and the doctor purges too early, resulting in協熱下利 (Xie Re Xia Li - Diarrhea with accompanying heat) and epigastric hardness. Gui Zhi Ren Shen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Ginseng Decoction) is indicated.

○ Shanghan with Exterior returning and Interior present
Taiyang disease treated incorrectly with purgation leads to abdominal pain, indicating the exterior has returned while the interior is involved. Gui Zhi Shao Yao Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Peony Decoction) is indicated. Add Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) if pain is severe.

○ Shanghan with Exterior Heat and Interior Cold
The patient has high body heat but desires to wrap themselves in clothes. Heat is at the skin level, cold is in the marrow. Pulse is deep and slow, hands and feet are slightly cold, and there is diarrhea with undigested food. This is named Exterior Heat and Interior Cold. First, Yin Dan Tang (Yin Dawn Decoction) is indicated. After the cold is removed, Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) is indicated to warm the exterior.

○ Shanghan with Exterior Cold and Interior Heat
The patient has severe body cold but does not desire to wrap themselves in clothes. Cold is at the skin level, heat is in the marrow. Pulse is slippery with cold limbs, or there is dry mouth and tongue. This is named Exterior Cold and Interior Heat. Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) added with Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) is indicated. After the heat is removed, Gui Zhi Ma Huang Ge Ban Tang (Half Cinnamon Twig and Half Ephedra Decoction) is indicated to resolve the exterior.

○ Shanghan Cough with Cold and Heat Syndromes
Exterior syndrome unremoved, fluid retention in the heart region. Cold and water clash, lung cold causes Qi rebellion, leading to dry retching, fever, and cough. The Classic states: "External cold and cold drinks injure the lungs." Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Green Dragon Decoction) is indicated to release via sweating.

Shaoyang disease with alternating chills and fever, chest fullness with cough, irritability, frequent retching, bitter taste, and thirst. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Fructus) is indicated.

○ Shanghan Hiccups with Yin and Yang Syndromes (also known as Ye)
Yang syndrome hiccups with body heat, irritability, dryness, thirst, and reddish urine/stool. This is a Heat Syndrome. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Ju Ren (Citri Reticulatae Semen), Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Tao Ren (Persicae Semen), or Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang (Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Sap Decoction) is indicated.

Yin syndrome hiccups without significant body heat, no thirst, calm mind, warm hands and feet, and clear urine/stool. Li Zhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) added with Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), and Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), or Sheng Jiang Ban Xia Tang (Fresh Ginger and Pinellia Decoction) or Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang (Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction) is indicated.

If initially a Yang syndrome, but due to excessive cold medicine, it shifts to Yin, careful deduction is needed. Also, if unrest occurs after releasing the exterior and reducing heat, it may be due to excessive cooling medicine trapping cold pathogen inside. Wu Ji San (Five Accumulations Powder) or Bai Du San (Detoxification Powder) decocted together is indicated. If shifting to Yin meridian with irritability, normal stools, vomiting, and cold limbs, Zhen Wu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) is indicated.

○ Shanghan Aversion to Wind
If Taiyang disease presents with aversion to wind, slight shivering, mild fever, nasal congestion, and dry retching. Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is indicated.

Taiyang disease with stiff neck and back but with sweating. Gui Zhi Jia Ge Gen Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Kudzu Root) is indicated.

If excessive sweating leads to deficient Wei Qi, Yang collapse, leaking wind, continuous sweating, and aversion to wind, treatment should warm. Gui Zhi Fu Zi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) is indicated.

Wind-Dampness with aversion to wind, unwillingness to remove clothing, painful and tender joints unable to flex or extend, pain upon touch, sweating, shortness of breath, edema, and dysuria. Gan Cao Fu Zi Tang (Licorice and Aconite Decoction) is indicated. Add Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) for edema.

○ Shanghan Aversion to Cold
Taiyang disease with fever, slight aversion to cold, back aversion to cold, and sweating. Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is indicated.

Taiyang disease with headache, fever, body pain, aversion to cold, and anhidrosis. Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is indicated.

Taiyang-Yangming combined disease with more heat than cold. Gui Zhi Er Yue Bi Yi Tang (Two Parts Cinnamon Twig and One Part Yue Bi Decoction) is indicated.

Shaoyang disease with fever, chills, and head sweating. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) and Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix), named Chai Hu Gui Zhi Tang (Bupleurum and Cinnamon Twig Decoction), is indicated.

After Taiyang disease sweating fails to resolve and chills return, this indicates deficiency of Ying and Wei. Shao Yao Gan Cao Fu Zi Tang (Peony, Licorice, and Aconite Decoction) is indicated.

○ Shanghan Body Pain with Yin and Yang Syndromes
Taiyang exterior unremoved, wind pathogen between Ying and Wei, body pain. Ren Shen Qiang Huo Tang (Ginseng and Notopterygium Decoction) is indicated.

Yang syndrome post-sweating with unresolved body pain and chills. Gui Zhi Shao Yao Ren Shen Tang (Cinnamon Twig, Peony, and Ginseng Decoction) is indicated.

Yin syndrome body pain, thin pulse, and chills indicate dual deficiency of Yin and Yang. Shao Yao Fu Zi Gan Cao Tang (Peony, Aconite, and Licorice Decoction) is indicated.

Jueyin disease body pain as if beaten, cold limbs, deep pulse. Si Ni Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) is indicated.

○ Shanghan Sore Throat with Yin and Yang Syndromes
Yang syndrome sore throat with fever, thirst, red face, profuse phlegm, and bloody-yellow diarrhea. Ren Shen Bai Du San (Ginseng and Detoxification Powder), Xuan Shen Sheng Ma Tang (Scrophularia and Cimicifuga Decoction), Xi Xin San (Washing the Heart Powder), or Si Shun Qing Liang Yin (Four-Compliant Cooling and Clearing Drink) are indicated.

Yin syndrome sore throat with heavy body, no heat, no irritability, no thirst, abdominal pain, cold limbs, or diarrhea. Wu Ji San (Five Accumulations Powder), Jiang Fu Tang (Ginger and Aconite Decoction) combined with Gan Jie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction) are indicated.

Shaoyin disease with diarrhea, sore throat, chest fullness, and irritability indicates Yin deficiency with guest heat. Zhu Fu Tang (Pig Skin Decoction) is indicated.

Shaoyin disease with sore throat on the second or third day. Gan Cao Tang (Licorice Decoction) is given first; if ineffective, Jie Geng Tang (Platycodon Decoction) is given.

Shanghan Trembling Muscles (Jin Ti Rou Dun)
After Taiyang disease sweating fails to resolve, fever persists, palpitations in the heart region, muscle twitching, trembling, and shaking. Zhen Wu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) is indicated.

After vomiting and purging, epigastric fullness, Qi rushing to the chest, dizziness, deep tight pulse, and body tremors. Fu Ling Gui Zhi Bai Zhu Gan Cao Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Atractylodes, and Licorice Decoction) is indicated.

Shanghan Dry Mouth and Throat
Yangming disease post-sweating and purging with internal heat accumulation, dry mouth and throat. Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) is indicated.

Shaoyin disease with dry mouth, throat, and thirst indicates pathogenic heat injuring Kidney Water, which cannot control Fire. Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated.

Shanghan Alternating Chills and Fever with Two Syndromes
Yang syndrome with hypochondriac pain, alternating chills and fever, stiffness of shoulders and back, bitter taste, dry tongue, irritability, and thirst. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated.

Yin syndrome with abdominal pain, alternating chills and fever, stiffness of shoulders and back, no irritability or thirst. Wu Ji San (Five Accumulations Powder) is indicated.

Shanghan Malaria-like Symptoms with Three Syndromes
Taiyang disease post-sweating with fever, chills, more heat than cold. Gui Zhi Ma Huang Ge Ban Tang (Half Cinnamon Twig and Half Ephedra Decoction) is indicated.

Warm Malaria (Wen Nue) resulting from mishandling, where sweating and purging fail to resolve, turning into heat. Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is indicated.

Women whose menses have just started or stopped, named Heat Entering the Blood Chamber (Re Ru Xue Shi), with malaria-like chills and fever. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated.

○ Shanghan Mania
Yangming disease with heat lingering in the Stomach, confused speech, mania, irritability, and thirst. Huang Lian Jie Du Tang (Coptis Detoxification Decoction) is indicated.

Mania with sore throat. Yang Du Sheng Ma Tang (Yang Toxicity Cimicifuga Decoction) is indicated. Constipation. Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated.