肺，手太阴也，是动则病肺胀满，膨膨而喘咳，（动，言变也，变常而为病也，肺脉起于中焦，循胃
口，上膈属肺，故病如此，少阴司天，热淫所胜，亦病乎此，火克金也。）缺盆中病，（缺盆虽十二经之道
路，而肺为尤近，故肺病则痛。）甚则交两手而瞀，此为臂厥。（瞀，木痛不仁也。手太阴脉由中府出腋下，
行肘臂间，故为臂厥。瞀，茂、莫、务三音。）是主肺所生病者，（手之太阴，肺所生病也。）咳，上气
喘喝，烦心，胸满， 臂内前廉痛，厥，掌中热。（喝，声粗急也。太阴之别，直入掌中，故为痛、厥、掌热。）
气盛有余则肩背痛，风寒汗出中风，小便数而欠；（手太阴筋结于肩，藏附于背，故邪气盛则肩背痛；肺主
皮毛，而风寒在表，故汗出中风；肺为肾母，邪伤其气，故小便数而欠。欠，呼欠也。）气虚则肩背痛寒，
少气不足以息，溺色变，为此诸病。（肩背者，上焦之阳分也。气虚则阳病，故为痛，寒则怯然少气；金
衰则水涸，故溺色变而黄赤。）盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则留之，陷下则灸之，不盛不虚以经取
之。（盛泻虚补，虽以针言，药亦然也。热则疾之，气至速也。寒则留之，气至迟也。陷下则灸之，阳气内衰，
脉不起也，不盛不虚，以病有不因血气之虚实而惟逆于经者，则当随经所在，或饮药，或刺灸以取之也，下文
诸经之治，与此同义也。）盛者，寸口大三倍于人迎；虚者，则寸口反小于人迎也。（寸口主阴，肺为大肠
之脏、手太阴经也，故肺气盛者寸口大三倍于人迎，虚则反小也。人迎者，足阳明动脉，在结喉旁一
寸五分，乃三阳脉气之至也。）大肠，手阳明也，是动则病齿痛、颈肿。（手阳明之支者，从缺盆上颈，贯
颊，入下齿中也。）是主津液所生病者，（大肠与肺为表里，肺主气而津液由于气化，故凡大肠之或泄或
闭，皆津液所生之病而主在大肠也。）目黄，口干，鼽衄，喉痹，肩前 痛，大指次指痛不用。（手阳明之
别者合于宗脉，故目黄，其他诸病，皆本经之脉所及。少阴司天，热淫所胜，与肺同受，病在金也。）
气有余则当脉所过者热肿，（当脉所过，手阳明之次也。）虚则寒栗不复，为此诸病。（寒栗不复，不易
温也。此皆手阳明之诸病。）盛者，人迎大三倍于寸口；虚者，人迎反小于寸口也。（人迎主阳，大
肠为肺之腑，手阳明经也，故盛则人迎大于寸口，虚则人迎小于寸口也。）胃，足阳明也，是动则病洒洒
振寒，善呻数欠，颜黑，（胃属土，土病而洒洒振寒者，风之胜也。善呻数欠，胃之郁也。厥阴在泉，木
胜亦病。黑，水色也，土病则水无所畏，故黑色反见于颜面。）病至则恶人与火，闻木声则惕然而惊，心
欲动，独闭户塞牖而处，甚则欲上高而歌，弃衣而走，（病至而恶人者，阳明厥逆则喘而惋，惋
则恶人也。恶火者，邪客阳明则热甚也。闻木音而惊者，土恶木也。欲闭户而处者，阴阳相薄而阴胜阳也。
欲上高而歌者，阳胜则四肢实也。弃衣而走者，热甚于身也。）贲响腹胀，是为 厥。（贲响，肠胃雷鸣也。
，足胫也。阳明之脉，自膝膑下胫骨外廉，故为胫 厥逆。 ，音干。）是主血所生病者，（阳明为多气多
血之经，主血所生病也。）狂疟，温淫汗出，鼽衄，口 唇胗，颈肿，喉痹，（ ，歪也。胗，疮也。
阳明热胜则狂，风胜则疟，温气淫 ，则汗出、鼽衄、口 等症，皆阳明经脉之所及也。鼽，音求。
衄，女六切。 ，孔乖切，胗，音疹。）大腹
水肿，胃在中焦，土病则不能制水也。）膝膑肿痛，循膺乳、气街、股、伏兔、 外廉、足跗上皆痛，中
趾不用。（阳明脉从缺盆下乳内廉，挟脐腹前阴由股下足，以入中趾，故为病如此。）气盛则身以前
皆热，其有余于胃，则消谷善饥，溺色黄；（此阳明实热在经在脏之辨也。）气不足则身以前皆寒栗，
胃中寒则胀满，为此诸病。（此阳明虚寒在经、在脏之辨也。）盛者，人迎大三倍于寸口；虚者，
人迎反小于寸口也。（足阳明为太阴之表，三阳也，故盛衰见于人迎。）脾，足太阴也，是动则病舌本强，食
则呕，（脾脉连舌本，故强。脾病则不连，故呕。）胃脘痛，腹胀，善噫，（脾脉入腹，属脾络胃，
故为痛为胀。噫，嗳叹声，阴盛而上走于阳明，故气滞而为噫。）得后与气，则快然如衰，（脾气通也。）
身体皆重。（脾主肌肉也。厥阴在泉，木胜克脾，亦如是也。）是主脾所生病者，（足太阴土也。）舌
本痛，体不能动摇，食不下，烦心，心下急痛，溏，瘕，泄，水闭，黄胆，不能卧，强立，股膝内肿，厥，
足大趾不用，为此诸病。（太阴脉支者上膈，注心中，故为烦心心痛。脾寒则为溏泄。脾滞则为
瘕。脾病不能制水，则为泄，为水闭，黄胆，不能卧。脾脉起于足拇，以上膝股内廉，故为肿为厥，为大
趾不用诸病。厥阴司天，风淫所胜，亦病于脾也。）盛者，寸口大三倍于人迎；虚者，寸口反小于人迎。
（足太阴为阳明之里，三阴也，故脉之盛衰候于气口。）心，手少阴也，是动则病嗌干，心痛，渴而欲饮，（
本经支者从心系上挟咽，故为嗌干，心痛。心火炎则心液耗，故渴而欲饮。）是为臂厥。（手少阴循臂内
后廉，出小指之端，故为臂厥。手太阴脉行肘臂间，亦为臂厥。）是主心所生病者，（手少阴经心所生病
也。目黄，胁痛， 臂内后廉痛，厥，掌中热痛，为此诸病。（少阴之脉系目系，故目黄；出腋下，故
胁痛；循 臂内入掌内后廉，故为热痛诸病。）盛者，寸口大再倍于人迎；虚者，（寸口反小于
人迎也。手少阴为太阳之里，三阴也，故脉
之盛衰见于寸口。）小肠，手太阳也，是动则病嗌痛，颔肿，（本经之脉循咽下膈，其支者循颈上颊，故为
是病。太阳在泉，寒淫所胜，而亦病及火腑也。）不可以顾，肩似拔， 似折。（手太阳脉循 外后
廉，绕肩胛，交肩上，故肩 之痛，如拔如折。）是主液所生病者，（小肠主泌别清浊，病则水谷不分而流
衍无制，是主液所生病也。）耳聋，目黄，颊肿，颈、颔、肩、 、肘、臂外后廉痛，为此诸病。（
皆小肠经脉之所及也。）盛者，人迎大再倍于寸口；虚者，人迎反小于寸口也。（手太阳为少阴之表，故候
在人迎。）膀胱，足太阳也，是动则病冲头痛，（本经脉上额交巅，入络脑，故邪气上冲而为头痛。
）目似脱，项如拔，（脉起目内 ，还出别下项也。）脊痛，腰似折，髀不可以曲， 如结， 如裂，（本
经挟脊抵腰中，过髀枢，循髀外，下合 中，贯 内，故病如是。太阴在泉、司天，湿淫所胜，土邪
伤水，亦如是病也。）是为踝厥。（足太阳脉出外踝之后，筋结于外踝也。）是主筋所生病者，（周身筋脉，
惟足太阳为多为臣，其下者结于踵，结于 ，结于 ，结于臀，其上者挟腰脊，络肩项，上头，为目上纲，
下结于 ，故凡为挛，为弛，为反张、戴眼之类，皆足太阳之水亏而主筋所生病者。）痔，疟，狂癫疾，
（脉入肛，故为痔。经属表，故为疟，邪入于阳，故为狂癫疾。）头、囟、项痛，目黄，泪出，鼽衄，项、
背、腰、尻、 、 、脚皆痛，小趾不用，为此诸病。（皆足太阳之所及，故为此诸病。）盛者，人迎大
再倍于寸口；虚者，人迎反小于寸口也。（足太阳为少阴之表，故候在人迎。）肾，足少阴也，
是动则病饥不欲食，（肾虽阴脏，元阳所居，水中有火，为脾胃之母，阴动则阳衰，阳衰则脾困，故病虽饥
而不欲食。）面如漆、柴，（水色黑，阴邪色见于面，故如漆。肾藏精，精衰则枯，故如柴。）咳唾则有血，
喝喝而喘，（真阴损及其母也。）坐而欲起，（阴虚不能静也。）目KT KT 如
无所见，（目之明在瞳子。瞳子者，骨之精也。肾气内夺则目KT KT 如无所
见，故凡目多昏黑者，必真水亏于肾也。KT ，音荒。）心如悬，若饥状。（心肾不交，则精神离散，故心
如悬。阴虚则内馁，故常若饥状。太阴司天，土邪淫胜，病亦本于肾也。）气不足则善恐，心惕惕，如人将捕
之，（肾在志为恐，肾气怯，故惕惕如人将捕之。）是为骨厥。（厥逆在骨，肾主骨也。）足主肾所生病者，
（足少阴经肾所生病也。）口热，舌干，咽肿，上气，嗌干及痛，烦心、心痛，（足少阴之脉循喉咙，挟舌
本，其支者从肺出络心，故病如是。）黄胆，肠 ，（阴虚阳实，故为黄胆。肾开窍于二阴，故为肠 。）
脊、股内后廉痛，痿厥，嗜卧，足下热而痛，为此诸病。（足少阴之脉，自小趾斜趋足心，上 出 ，上
股内后廉，贯脊属肾，故为此诸证。嗜卧者多阴少阳，精神匮也。肾者水脏，主津液，主卧与喘也。）灸则强
食生肉，缓带披发，大杖重履而步。（生肉，浓味也，味浓所以补肾。缓带披发，大杖重履而步，节
劳也，安静所以养气。诸经不言此法，而惟肾经言之者，以真阴所在，精为元气之根也。）盛者，寸口大再
倍于人迎；虚者，寸口反小于人迎也。（足少阴为太阳之里，故候在寸口。）心主，手厥阴心胞络
也，是动则病手心热，臂肘挛急，腋肿，（皆本经之脉所及。）甚则胸胁支满，心中 大动，（手厥阴出属心
包络，循胸出胁故也。 ，音淡，动而不宁貌。）面赤，目黄，（心之华在面，目者心之使，故病则面
赤。目黄。以上诸证，太阳司天，寒淫所胜，心火受病，亦如此也。）喜笑不休，（心在声为笑。）
是主脉所生病者，（心主脉也。）烦心，心痛，掌中热，为此诸病。（脉起心胸，入掌中也。）盛者，寸
口大一倍于人迎；虚者，寸口反小于人迎也。（手厥阴为少阳之里，故候在寸口。）三焦，手少阳也，是
动则病耳聋浑浑 ，嗌肿，喉痹。（浑浑 ，不明貌。三焦之脉上项，系耳后。故为是病。大阴在泉，亦同
是病，盖湿土所以胜水也。 ，屯、吞二音。）是主气所生病者，（三焦为水渎之府，水病必由于气也。）
汗出，目锐 痛，颊痛，耳后、
肩、 、肘、臂外皆痛，小指次指不用，为此诸病。（三焦出气，以温肌肉，充皮肤，故为汗出。其他
诸病，皆本经之脉所及。）盛者，人迎大一倍于寸口；虚者，人迎反小于寸口也。（手少阳为厥阴
之表，故候在人迎。）胆，足少阳也，是动则病口苦，善太息，（胆病则液泄，故口苦。胆郁则不舒，故善太
息。）心胁痛，不能转侧，（足少阳之别，贯心循胁里也。）甚则面微有尘，体无膏泽，（足少阳之
别，散于面。胆木为病，燥金胜之，故面微有尘，体无膏泽，阳明在泉、司天，病亦如之。）足外反热，是
为阳厥。（本经循脾阳，出膝外廉，下出外踝之前，故足外反热。木病从火，故为阳厥。）是主骨所生病者，（
胆味苦，苦走骨，故胆主骨所生病。又骨为干，其质刚，胆为中正之官，其气亦刚，胆病则失其刚，故病及
于骨。凡惊伤胆者骨必软，即其证也。）头痛，颔痛，目锐 痛，缺盆中肿痛，腋下肿，马刀侠瘿，（
马刀，瘰 也。侠瘿，侠颈之瘤属也。）汗出，振寒疟，（少阳居三阳之中，半表半里者也，故阳胜则汗
出，风胜则振寒为疟。）胸、胁、肋、髀、膝外至胫，绝骨、外踝前及诸节皆痛，小趾次趾不用，
为此诸病。（皆本经之脉所及也。）盛者，人迎大一倍于寸口；虚者，人迎反小于寸口也。（足少阳为厥阴之表，
故候在人迎。）肝，足厥阴也，是动则病腰痛不可以俯仰，（足厥阴支别者，与太阴、
少阳之脉同结于腰踝下中 、下 之间，故为腰痛。厥阴之脉令人腰痛，腰中如张弓弩弦。）丈夫 疝，
妇人少腹肿，（足厥阴气逆，则为睾肿卒疝。妇人少腹肿，即疝病也。）甚则嗌干，面尘，脱色。（肝脉循
喉咙之后，上入顽颡，上出额，其支者从目系下颊里，故为此病。阳明在泉，司天，燥淫所胜，亦同此病于
肝也。）是主肝所生病者，（足厥阴经肝所生病也。）胸满，呕逆，飧泄，狐疝，遗溺，闭癃，为此诸
病。（本经上行者挟胃贯膈，下行者过阴器，抵小腹，故为此诸病。）盛者，
寸口大一倍于人迎；虚者，寸口反小于人迎也。（足厥阴为少阳
之里，故候在寸口。）
太阳所谓肿、腰 痛者，正月太阳寅。寅，太阳也。（此足上文六经为病之义也。 ，尻臀也。
正月建寅，三阳月也。三阳者，太阳也。故足太阳病为肿、腰 痛也，应正月三阳之候。 ，音谁。）正月
阳气出在上，而阴气盛，阳未得自次也，故肿、腰 痛也。（正月之候。三阳虽出，而时令尚寒，阴气尚盛，
阳气未有次第，以阴胜阳，故肿、腰 痛，正以足太阳之脉，挟脊抵腰贯臀也。）病偏虚为跛者，正月阳气
冻解地气而出也。所谓偏虚者，冬寒颇有不足者，故偏虚为跛也。（正月东风解冻，阳气尚微，足太阳病，
The Lung belongs to the Hand-Taiyin meridian. When this meridian undergoes change, it causes lung distension and fullness, with a sensation of bloating, wheezing, and coughing. ("Change" refers to transformation from normalcy to pathology. The Hand-Taiyin Lung meridian originates in the middle jiao, follows the upper orifice of the stomach, ascends through the diaphragm, and connects to the lung, hence these symptoms. If Shaoyin governs the year and heat is excessive, overcoming Metal, similar diseases occur.) Pain in the supraclavicular fossa (Although the supraclavicular fossa is a pathway for all twelve meridians, it is particularly close to the lung; thus, lung disease causes pain here). In severe cases, the patient crosses their arms over the chest and experiences mental confusion or numbness, known as Arm-Jue (Jue means numbness and insensibility. The Hand-Taiyin meridian exits from Zhongfu at the armpit and runs through the elbow and arm, hence "Arm-Jue". Jue sounds like Mao, Mo, or Wu).
This meridian governs diseases generated by the Lung: cough, upward rushing of Qi with wheezing, irritability, chest fullness, pain along the anterior medial aspect of the arm, coldness of the extremities, and heat in the palm. (He refers to rough, urgent breathing. The collateral branch of Taiyin enters directly into the palm, causing pain, coldness, and palm heat.)
When Lung Qi is excessive, there is shoulder and back pain, sweating upon exposure to wind-cold, frequent urination with scanty volume. (Hand-Taiyin sinews knot at the shoulder, and the organ attaches to the back; thus, excess pathogenic factors cause shoulder and back pain. The Lung governs skin and hair; wind-cold on the exterior causes sweating and susceptibility to wind. The Lung is the mother of the Kidney; when pathogenic factors damage Lung Qi, affecting the Kidney, frequent urination with scanty volume occurs. Qian refers to yawning.) When Lung Qi is deficient, there is shoulder and back pain with aversion to cold, shortness of breath and inability to take deep breaths, and changes in urine color, manifesting as these illnesses. (The shoulder and back are the Yang aspect of the Upper Jiao. Qi deficiency leads to Yang pathology, causing pain and coldness with shortness of breath; decline of Metal leads to depletion of Water, causing yellow-red urine.)
Treatment principles: Excess is drained, deficiency is supplemented, heat is treated with rapid needle manipulation, cold is treated with retained needles, sinking Qi is treated with moxibustion, and neither excess nor deficiency is treated by selecting points on the affected meridian. (Draining excess and supplementing deficiency applies not only to acupuncture but also to herbal medicine. Treating heat with rapid manipulation implies swift arrival of Qi; treating cold with retention implies slow arrival of Qi. Moxibustion for sinking Qi addresses internal decline of Yang where the pulse does not rise. For conditions neither excess nor deficiency, where Qi rebels within the meridian without blood-Qi imbalance, treatment should follow the meridian's location, using either herbs or acupuncture/moxibustion. The treatments for other meridians below share this meaning.)
Pulse manifestation: In excess, the Cun Kou pulse is three times larger than the Ren Ying pulse. In deficiency, the Cun Kou pulse is smaller than the Ren Ying pulse. (Cun Kou governs Yin; the Lung is the Zang organ of the Large Intestine and belongs to the Hand-Taiyin meridian. Thus, excess Lung Qi makes Cun Kou three times larger than Ren Ying, while deficiency makes it smaller. Ren Ying is the artery of Foot-Yangming, located 1.5 cun lateral to the laryngeal prominence, representing the arrival of San-Yang Qi.)
The Large Intestine belongs to the Hand-Yangming meridian. When this meridian undergoes change, it causes toothache and neck swelling. (A branch of Hand-Yangming ascends from the supraclavicular fossa to the neck, penetrates the cheek, and enters the lower teeth.)
This meridian governs diseases generated by fluids. (The Large Intestine and Lung are interior-exterior partners. The Lung governs Qi, and fluids arise from Qi transformation. Therefore, diarrhea or constipation of the Large Intestine are diseases of fluid metabolism primarily governed by the Large Intestine.) Symptoms include jaundice, dry mouth, rhinorrhea or epistaxis, throat obstruction, pain in the anterior shoulder, and pain with dysfunction of the index finger. (The collateral branch of Hand-Yangming merges with the ancestral pulse, causing jaundice; other diseases occur along the meridian's pathway. If Shaoyin governs and heat is excessive, both Lung and Large Intestine suffer, as the disease is in Metal.)
Excess Qi causes heat and swelling along the meridian's pathway. (Along the meridian refers to the course of Hand-Yangming.) Deficiency Qi causes chills that do not resolve easily, manifesting as these illnesses. (Chills that do not resolve refer to difficulty in warming up. These are all diseases of Hand-Yangming.)
Pulse manifestation: In excess, Ren Ying is three times larger than Cun Kou. In deficiency, Ren Ying is smaller than Cun Kou. (Ren Ying governs Yang; the Large Intestine is the Fu organ of the Lung and belongs to Hand-Yangming. Thus, excess makes Ren Ying larger than Cun Kou, while deficiency makes it smaller.)
The Stomach belongs to Foot-Yangming. When this meridian undergoes change, it causes shivering aversion to cold, frequent groaning and yawning, and darkening of the face. (Stomach belongs to Earth; shivering aversion to cold indicates Wind excess. Frequent groaning and yawning indicate Stomach Qi stagnation. If Jueyin Wood governs the lower heaven, Wood excess also causes disease. Black is the color of Water; when Earth is diseased, Water has no fear, so black appears on the face.) Upon onset, the patient fears people and fire, startles at the sound of wood, feels palpitations, prefers to stay alone behind closed doors and windows; in severe cases, they may climb high and sing, or strip naked and run. (Fearing people arises from Yangming Qi rebellion causing panting and distress, leading to aversion to others. Fearing fire indicates severe heat from pathogens in Yangming. Startling at wood sounds reflects Earth's aversion to Wood. Preferring solitude indicates Yin overcoming Yang due to conflict between Yin and Yang. Climbing high and singing indicates Yang excess strengthening the limbs. Stripping and running indicates severe internal heat.) Abdominal rumbling and distension constitute Tibia-Jue. (Benxiang refers to intestinal rumbling. Xia refers to the shin. The Yangming meridian descends from the knee patella along the lateral aspect of the tibia, hence tibial Jue. Xia sounds like Gan.)
This meridian governs diseases generated by Blood. (Yangming is a meridian abundant in Qi and Blood, governing blood-related diseases.) Symptoms include mania, malaria, sweating from warm pathogens, epistaxis, herpes labialis, neck swelling, and throat obstruction. (Wai refers to deviation. Zhen refers to sores. Yangming heat excess causes mania; Wind excess causes malaria; Warm Qi overflow causes sweating, epistaxis, and oral lesions, all within Yangming meridian distribution. Qiu sounds like Qiu. Nü is pronounced Nv-Liu. Wai is Kong-Guai, Zhen is Zhen.) Abdominal edema occurs because the Stomach is in the Middle Jiao; Earth disease fails to control Water. Knee patella swelling and pain, pain along the chest, breast, Qiguan, thigh, Futu, lateral calf, and dorsum of the foot, with dysfunction of the middle toe. (Yangming meridian descends from the supraclavicular fossa to the medial breast, flanks the umbilicus and anterior yin, passes through the thigh to the foot, entering the middle toe, hence these symptoms.)
Excess Qi causes heat in the anterior body; if Stomach Qi is excessive, digestion accelerates with easy hunger and yellow urine. (This distinguishes Yangming excess-heat in the meridian versus the zang.) Deficient Qi causes coldness and shivering in the anterior body; Cold in the Stomach causes distension and fullness, manifesting as these illnesses. (This distinguishes Yangming deficiency-cold in the meridian versus the zang.)
Pulse manifestation: In excess, Ren Ying is three times larger than Cun Kou. In deficiency, Ren Ying is smaller than Cun Kou. (Foot-Yangming is the exterior of Taiyin and belongs to San-Yang, so excess and deficiency manifest in Ren Ying.)
The Spleen belongs to Foot-Taiyin. When this meridian undergoes change, it causes stiffness of the tongue root, vomiting after eating, (Spleen meridian connects to the tongue root, causing stiffness. Spleen disease blocks connection, causing vomiting.) epigastric pain, abdominal distension, and frequent belching. (Spleen meridian enters the abdomen, connects to the Spleen and links to the Stomach, causing pain and distension. Yi is the sound of belching; excess Yin rises to Yangming, causing Qi stagnation and belching.) After defecation or passing gas, the patient feels relieved as if the illness subsides, (Spleen Qi flows freely.) and the whole body feels heavy. (Spleen governs muscles. If Jueyin governs the lower heaven and Wood excess attacks Spleen, similar symptoms occur.)
This meridian governs diseases generated by the Spleen. (Foot-Taiyin belongs to Earth.) Symptoms include tongue root pain, immobility of the body, inability to eat, irritability, acute pain in the epigastrium, loose stools, masses (Jia), diarrhea, urinary retention, jaundice, inability to lie flat, dizziness upon standing, swelling of the inner thigh and knee, coldness of extremities, and dysfunction of the big toe. (Taiyin branch ascends through the diaphragm to the heart, causing irritability and heart pain. Spleen cold causes loose stools. Spleen stagnation causes masses. Spleen disease failing to control water causes diarrhea, urinary retention, jaundice, and inability to lie flat. Spleen meridian starts at the big toe and ascends along the medial knee and thigh, causing swelling, coldness, and toe dysfunction. If Jueyin governs and Wind is excessive, Spleen is also affected.)
Pulse manifestation: In excess, Cun Kou is three times larger than Ren Ying. In deficiency, Cun Kou is smaller than Ren Ying. (Foot-Taiyin is the interior of Yangming and belongs to San-Yin, so pulse excess/deficiency is observed at Qikou/Cun Kou.)
The Heart belongs to Hand-Shaoyin. When this meridian undergoes change, it causes dryness of the pharynx, heart pain, thirst with desire to drink. (Branch from Heart system ascends along the pharynx, causing dryness and heart pain. Heart Fire flaring consumes Heart fluids, causing thirst.) This is called Arm-Jue. (Hand-Shaoyin follows the posterior medial arm to the tip of the little finger, hence Arm-Jue. Hand-Taiyin also runs through the elbow-arm, hence Arm-Jue.)
This meridian governs diseases generated by the Heart. (Hand-Shaoyin meridian diseases of the Heart.) Symptoms include jaundice, hypochondriac pain, pain along the posterior medial arm, coldness, and painful heat in the palm. (Shaoyin meridian connects to the eye system, causing jaundice; exits the axilla, causing hypochondriac pain; follows the arm into the posterior palm, causing heat and pain.)
Pulse manifestation: In excess, Cun Kou is two times larger than Ren Ying. In deficiency, Cun Kou is smaller than Ren Ying. (Hand-Shaoyin is the interior of Taiyang and belongs to San-Yin, so pulse excess/deficiency manifests at Cun Kou.)
The Small Intestine belongs to Hand-Taiyang. When this meridian undergoes change, it causes sore throat and submandibular swelling. (Meridian follows the pharynx down through the diaphragm; branch ascends neck to cheek, causing these diseases. If Taiyang Cold Water governs and Cold is excessive, it affects the Fire Fu organ.) Difficulty turning the head, shoulder pain like being pulled out, elbow pain like being broken. (Hand-Taiyang follows the lateral posterior arm, circles the scapula, crosses the shoulder, hence shoulder-elbow pain like pulling or breaking.)
This meridian governs diseases generated by fluids. (Small Intestine separates clear from turbid; disease causes failure to distinguish water and grain, leading to uncontrolled flow, hence governing fluid diseases.) Symptoms include deafness, jaundice, cheek swelling, and pain along the neck, jaw, shoulder, elbow, and lateral posterior arm. (These areas are all reached by Small Intestine meridian.)
Pulse manifestation: In excess, Ren Ying is two times larger than Cun Kou. In deficiency, Ren Ying is smaller than Cun Kou. (Hand-Taiyang is the exterior of Shaoyin, so observed at Ren Ying.)
The Bladder belongs to Foot-Taiyang. When this meridian undergoes change, it causes headache striking upwards. (Meridian goes above forehead, crosses vertex, enters brain network; pathogenic factors rush upward causing headache.) Eyes feel like they will fall out, neck feels like being pulled. (Meridian starts at inner canthus, emerges separately to descend neck.) Spine pain, waist feeling like breaking, thighs unable to bend, popliteal fossa feeling bound, calf feeling torn. (Meridian flanks spine to waist, passes hip pivot, follows lateral thigh, meets in popliteal fossa, penetrates calf muscle, hence these symptoms. If Taiyin Damp Earth governs upper or lower heaven and Damp is excessive, Earth pathogen damages Water, causing similar disease.) This is called Ankle-Jue. (Foot-Taiyang meridian exits posterior to lateral malleolus, sinews knot at lateral malleolus.)
This meridian governs diseases generated by sinews. (Among all sinew meridians, Foot-Taiyang is most abundant and serves as minister. Lower sinews knot at heel, popliteal fossa, calf, and buttocks; upper sinews flank waist-spine, network shoulder-neck, ascend head, serve as upper eyelid, knot at popliteal fossa. Thus, spasms, flaccidity, opisthotonos, and fixed gaze are all due to Foot-Taiyang Water deficiency governing sinew diseases.) Hemorrhoids, malaria, mania and epilepsy. (Meridian enters anus, causing hemorrhoids. Meridian belongs to exterior, causing malaria; pathogen enters Yang, causing mania/epilepsy.) Head, fontanelle, and neck pain, jaundice, tearing, epistaxis, pain in neck, back, waist, sacrum, popliteal fossa, calf, and foot, with dysfunction of the little toe. (All reached by Foot-Taiyang, hence these diseases.)
Pulse manifestation: In excess, Ren Ying is two times larger than Cun Kou. In deficiency, Ren Ying is smaller than Cun Kou. (Foot-Taiyang is the exterior of Shaoyin, so observed at Ren Ying.)
The Kidney belongs to Foot-Shaoyin. When this meridian undergoes change, it causes hunger without desire to eat. (Kidney is a Yin organ but houses Original Yang; Water contains Fire, mother of Spleen/Stomach. Yin movement depletes Yang; Yang depletion confuses Spleen, so hunger without desire to eat.) Face looks black like lacquer and withered like firewood. (Water color is black; Yin pathogen color appears on face like lacquer. Kidney stores Essence; Essence depletion causes withering like firewood.) Coughing and spitting blood, wheezing with harsh sounds. (True Yin damage affects its mother.) Sitting but wanting to stand up. (Yin deficiency prevents stillness.) Eyes blurry and unable to see clearly. (Clarity of eyes lies in pupils. Pupils are essence of bone. Kidney Qi internal loss causes blurry vision; thus, dim vision always indicates Kidney True Water deficiency. KT KT sounds like Huang.) Heart feels suspended, like hunger. (Heart-Kidney non-interaction causes scattered spirit, hence suspended heart. Yin deficiency causes internal emptiness, hence feeling hungry. If Taiyin governs and Earth pathogen is excessive, disease roots in Kidney.)
Qi deficiency causes frequent fear, palpitations as if someone is chasing. (Kidney emotion is Fear; Kidney Qi timidity causes palpitations like being chased.) This is called Bone-Jue. (Jue in bones; Kidney governs bones.)
Foot-Shaoyin meridian governs diseases generated by the Kidney. (Foot-Shaoyin meridian diseases of Kidney.) Symptoms include hot mouth, dry tongue, swollen throat, upward rushing Qi, dry/painful pharynx, irritability, heart pain, jaundice, and intestinal dysentery. (Foot-Shaoyin meridian follows throat, flanks tongue root; branch exits Lung, networks Heart, hence these diseases. Yin deficiency Yang excess causes jaundice. Kidney opens to two yin orifices, hence intestinal dysentery.) Pain along posterior medial spine and thigh, wasting-thirst/coldness, lethargy, hot painful soles. (Foot-Shaoyin meridian starts from sole, ascends to popliteal fossa, medial thigh, pierces spine to Kidney, hence these signs. Lethargy indicates much Yin little Yang, spiritual exhaustion. Kidney is Water organ, governs fluids, bed rest, and asthma.)
If treated with moxibustion, encourage eating rich flavors to generate flesh, loosen belts, let hair down, use large staff, wear heavy shoes, and walk. (Rich flavors replenish Kidney. Loosening belt/hair/walking slowly reduces labor, quietness nourishes Qi. Only Kidney meridian mentions this because True Yin resides here, and Essence is root of Yuan Qi.)
Pulse manifestation: In excess, Cun Kou is two times larger than Ren Ying. In deficiency, Cun Kou is smaller than Ren Ying. (Foot-Shaoyin is interior of Taiyang, so observed at Cun Kou.)
The Pericardium (Master of Heart) belongs to Hand-Jueyin. When this meridian undergoes change, it causes heat in palms, cramping of arm/elbow, axillary swelling. (All reached by this meridian.) Severe cases have chest/flank fullness, palpitations. (Hand-Jueyin exits Pericardium, follows chest to flank. Dan sounds like Dan, restless movement.) Red face, jaundice. (Heart brilliance shows in face; eyes are messengers of Heart, so red face/jaundice occur. Above symptoms, if Taiyang governs and Cold is excessive, Heart Fire suffers similarly.) Uncontrollable laughter. (Heart voice is laughter.)
This meridian governs diseases generated by vessels. (Heart governs vessels.) Symptoms include irritability, heart pain, heat in palms. (Vessel starts in heart-chest, enters palm.)
Pulse manifestation: In excess, Cun Kou is one time larger than Ren Ying. In deficiency, Cun Kou is smaller than Ren Ying. (Hand-Jueyin is interior of Shaoyang, so observed at Cun Kou.)
The Sanjiao (Triple Burner) belongs to Hand-Shaoyang. When this meridian undergoes change, it causes deafness with muffled hearing, swollen throat, throat obstruction. (Hunhun Dun Dun means unclear hearing. Sanjiao meridian ascends neck, ties behind ear, hence these diseases. If Taiyin Damp Earth governs lower heaven, same disease occurs, as Damp Earth overcomes Water. Hun sounds like Tun/Dun.)
This meridian governs diseases generated by Qi. (Sanjiao is reservoir of water; water disease must stem from Qi.) Symptoms include sweating, pain at outer canthus, cheek pain, pain behind ear, shoulder, elbow, arm lateral side, and dysfunction of ring/little fingers. (Sanjiao emits Qi to warm muscles and fill skin, causing sweating. Other diseases follow meridian pathways.)
Pulse manifestation: In excess, Ren Ying is one time larger than Cun Kou. In deficiency, Ren Ying is smaller than Cun Kou. (Hand-Shaoyang is exterior of Jueyin, so observed at Ren Ying.)
The Gallbladder belongs to Foot-Shaoyang. When this meridian undergoes change, it causes bitter taste, frequent sighing. (Gallbladder disease causes bile leakage, hence bitter taste. Gallbladder stagnation causes discomfort, hence sighing.) Hypochondriac pain, inability to turn. (Foot-Shaoyang collateral pierces heart, follows flank.) Severe cases have dusty complexion, lack of luster. (Foot-Shaoyang collateral spreads to face. Gallbladder Wood disease, overcome by Dryness Metal, causes dusty face/lack of luster. If Yangming governs upper/lower heaven, disease is similar.) Reverse heat on lateral foot, called Yang-Jue. (Meridian follows Yang aspect of spleen, exits lateral knee, descends anterior lateral malleolus, hence lateral foot heat. Wood disease transforms to Fire, hence Yang-Jue.)
This meridian governs diseases generated by bones. (Gallbladder taste is bitter; bitterness enters bone, hence Gallbladder governs bone diseases. Bone is dry, rigid; Gallbladder is Official of Uprightness, Qi is also rigid. Gallbladder disease loses rigidity, affecting bones. Shock damaging Gallbladder softens bones, proving this.) Headache, jaw pain, outer canthus pain, supraclavicular swelling, axillary swelling, horse-knife and collarbone goiter (Horse-knife refers to scrofula. Collarbone goiter refers to neck tumors.), sweating, chills/malaria. (Shaoyang is middle of San-Yang, half-exterior half-interior; Yang excess causes sweating, Wind excess causes chills/malaria.) Pain in chest, flank, rib, thigh, lateral knee to calf, Jiegu, anterior lateral malleolus, and joints, with dysfunction of little/ring toes. (All reached by meridian.)
Pulse manifestation: In excess, Ren Ying is one time larger than Cun Kou. In deficiency, Ren Ying is smaller than Cun Kou. (Foot-Shaoyang is exterior of Jueyin, so observed at Ren Ying.)
The Liver belongs to Foot-Jueyin. When this meridian undergoes change, it causes low back pain unable to bend or straighten. (Foot-Jueyin branch joins Taiyin/ShaoYang meridians at lower ankle/middle/Ligou, causing low back pain. Jueyin meridian causes low back pain, tense like bowstring.) Hernia in men, lower abdominal swelling in women. (Foot-Jueyin Qi rebellion causes testicular swelling/sudden hernia. Female lower abdominal swelling is hernia disease.) Severe cases have dry throat, dusty face, loss of luster. (Liver meridian follows throat, enters nasopharynx, emerges forehead; branch from eye system to cheek, hence these diseases. If Yangming governs upper/lower heaven and Dryness is excessive, Liver suffers similarly.)
This meridian governs diseases generated by the Liver. (Foot-Jueyin meridian diseases of Liver.) Symptoms include chest fullness, reverse vomiting, undigested diarrhea, fox hernia, enuresis, urinary retention. (Meridian ascends flanking stomach through diaphragm; descends passing yin organs to lower abdomen, hence these diseases.)
Pulse manifestation: In excess, Cun Kou is one time larger than Ren Ying. In deficiency, Cun Kou is smaller than Ren Ying. (Foot-Jueyin is interior of Shaoyang, so observed at Cun Kou.)
Taiyang meridian speaks of swelling and low back/sacrum pain corresponding to the first lunar month, Sun-Yin. Yin represents Taiyang. (Explains six meridian diseases. Kao refers to sacrum/buttocks. First month builds Yin, a San-Yang month. San-Yang is Taiyang. Hence Foot-Taiyang disease is swelling/sacrum pain, matching first month San-Yang timing. Kao sounds like Shui.) In the first month, Yang Qi emerges above, but Yin Qi is still strong; Yang cannot establish order, hence swelling and sacrum pain. (First month climate. San-Yang emerges, but weather remains cold, Yin strong, Yang disordered, Yin overcomes Yang, hence swelling/sacrum pain, precisely because Foot-Taiyang meridian flanks spine, reaches waist, penetrates buttocks.)
Disease presenting as hemiparesis causing limping corresponds to the first month when Yang Qi thaws and Earth Qi emerges.所谓偏虚 (So-called partial deficiency) arises because winter cold was somewhat insufficient, hence partial deficiency causes limping. (First month east wind thaws, Yang Qi still weak, Foot-Taiyang disease,)