余自童时。习闻此言。以为伤寒治法。如是之详且备也。及考之成无己注本。则所谓三百九
十七法者。茫然不知所在。于是询诸医流。亦不过熟诵此句而已。欲其条分缕析。以实其数
。则未遇其人。遂乃反复而推寻之。以有论有方诸条数之。则不及其数。以有论有方。有论
无方诸条通数之。则过其数。
除辨脉法。平脉法。
并伤寒例。及可汗。不可汗。可吐。不可吐。可下。不可下诸篇外。止以六经病篇中。有论
有方。有论无方诸条数之。则亦不及其数。以六经病篇。及 湿 霍乱阴阳易瘥后劳复病篇
中。有论有方。有论无方诸条数之。则亦过其数。至以六经病。 湿 霍乱阴阳易瘥后劳复
篇。有论有方诸条数之。则又太少矣。竟不能决。欲以此句。视为后人无据之言而不从。则
疑其或有所据。而或出仲景叔和而弗敢废。欲尊信而必从之。则又多方求合。而莫之遂。宋
林亿等校正伤寒论。其序曰。今校定张仲景伤寒论十卷。总二十篇证外合三百九十七法。余
于是就其十卷二十二篇而求之。其六经篇。霍乱篇。阴阳易瘥后劳复篇中。有方治诸条。以
数为计。又重载于各篇之前。又谓疾病至急。仓卒难寻。复重集诸可与不可方治。分为八篇
。亦以数为计。继于阴阳易瘥后劳复篇之后。其太阳上编。注曰。一十六法。太阳中篇。注
曰。六十六法。太阳下编。注曰。三十九法。阳明篇。注曰。四十四法。少阳篇不言法。太
阴
篇。注曰。三法。少阴篇。注曰。二十三法。厥阴篇。注曰。六法。不可发汗篇。注曰。一
法。可发汗篇。注曰。四十一法。发汗后篇。注曰。二十五法。可吐篇。注曰。二法。不
可
下编。注曰。四法。可下编。注曰。四十四法。汗吐下后篇。注曰。四十八法。以其所注之
数通计之。得三百八十七法。然少阳篇有小柴胡汤一法。其不言者。恐脱之也。又可吐篇。
却有五法。其止言二法者。恐误也。并此脱误四法。于三百九十七法之中。亦仅得三百九十
一法耳。较之序文之说。犹欠六法。乃参之脉经。其可汗。可吐等篇外。比伤寒论又多可温
，可灸可刺。可水。可火。不可刺。不可灸。不可水。不可火诸篇。欲以此补其所欠。则又
甚多。而不可用。元HT 定间程德斋又作伤寒钤法。其自序曰。若能精究是编。则知六经传变
三百九十七法。在于指掌矣。又曰。六经二百一十一法。霍乱六法。阴阳易瘥后劳复六法。
湿 九法。不可汗二十六法。宜汗四十一法。不可吐五法。不可下五法。可汗五法。可吐
五法。余亦以其说通计之。却止得三百一十八法。于三百九十七法中。尚欠七十八法。观其
序文乃如彼。考其所计乃如此。则知其犹未能灼然以得其实数。而无疑也。故下文细数中。
止重叙六经霍乱 湿 阴阳易瘥后劳复诸法而已。彼可汗不可汗等诸法。再不重叙也。近
批
点伤寒论者。何不考其非乃一宗其所钤字号。而不敢少易乎。余由是屏去其说。但即论之本
文。寝食与俱。以绸绎之。一旦豁然始悟其所计之数。于理不通。而
非仲景叔和之说矣。夫伤寒论仲景之所作也。至叔和时已多散落。虽叔和搜采
成书。终不能复其旧。然则今之所传者。非全书也。明矣。后之昧者。乃不察此。必欲以全
书视之。为钤为括断之曰。某经几证。某经几证以谓伤寒治法。略无余蕴矣。殊不知其间有
论无方者甚多。至若前篇引内经所叙六经病证。除太阳少阴证。为后篇所有外。其阳明篇无
目疼。少阳篇言胸胁满。而不言痛。太阳篇无嗌干。厥阴篇无囊缩。若此者。非皆本无也。
必有之。而脱之耳。虽然。为钤括者胶柱调瑟。但知叔和之重载。而莫知其所以重载之意也
。夫叔和既撰次于 采之余。复重载各篇方治。并诸可与不可方治者。非他。不过虑人惑于
纷乱。故示之以简便而已。林亿乃弗解其意。遂不问重与不重。一概通数之。以立总目。
何不观重载八篇之中。其方治者。止有一十五条。为六经篇之所无。其余一百五十三条。皆
六经篇已数过者。安有一法而当两数之理乎。虽程德斋去取。与林亿颇异。然亦五十步。笑
百步耳。其不重数发汗后。并吐汗下后诸法。固为是矣。至于宜汗四十一法。却又俱是一法
当两数者。与林亿所计何以异哉。推原其意。似亦不见林亿所计细数。止闻三百九十七法之
目。遂自就论中。寻而数之。欲以实其总数。然而卒不能实。故为此含糊之说。以欺后人。
反又不逮林亿所言也。窃尝思之。纵使三百九十七法之言。不出于林亿等。而出于亿之前。
亦不足用。此言既出。则后之闻者。必当覆其是非。以归于正。而乃遵守听从。以为千载不
易之定论。悲夫。余今于三百九十七法内。除去重复者。与无方治者。止以有方治。而不
重
复者计之。得二百三十八条。并以治字易法字。而曰二百三十八治。如此则庶或可通也。若
以法言。则仲景一书无非法也。岂独有方者然后为法哉。且如论证论脉。与夫谆谆教戒。而
使人按之以为望闻问切之准则者。其可谓之法乎。其不可谓之法乎。虽然。六经之外诸条。
其二家去取不同。固不必辨。然其于六经之中。尢每有悖理而不通者。姑陈一二。如太阳病
。三日。已发汗。若吐。若下。若温针。仍不解者。此为坏病。桂枝不中与也。观其脉证。
知犯何逆。随证治之。桂枝本为解肌。若其人脉浮紧。发热。汗不出者。不可与之也。常须识
此。勿令误也。若酒客病。不可与桂枝汤。得之则呕。以酒客不喜甘故也。喘家作。桂枝汤
加浓朴杏子佳。凡服桂枝汤吐者。其后必吐脓血也。林亿所校本。则自太阳病。止勿令误也。
为一法。自若酒客病。止杏子佳。为一法。自凡服桂枝汤。止吐脓血也。则为证。不为法。
程德斋钤法。则自太阳病。止随证治之。为一法。自桂枝本为解肌。止必吐脓血也。为一法
。
又林亿本。于病胁下素有痞。连在脐旁。痛引少腹入阴筋者。此名脏结。死。一条。则数为
一法。于其余死不治者。则皆不数。程德斋钤法。于阳明病。下血谵语者。此为热入血室。
但头汗出者。刺期门。随其实而泻之。 然汗出愈。一条。则不数。而太阳刺肝俞。肺俞。
期门。诸条。却又数之而弗遗。余如两条同类。一云当汗而无方。一云当汗而有方。则取其
有
方者。而略其无方者。又如当取而不取。不当取而取者。盖亦甚多。不可悉举。若此者。
悖理不通。二家皆所不免。所谓楚固失矣。齐亦未为得也。苟熟玩论之本文以较其言。则
罅漏出矣。
I have heard this statement since childhood, believing that the treatment methods for cold damage (Shanghan) were so detailed and comprehensive. However, upon consulting Cheng Wuji's annotated edition, I found myself bewildered as to where these so-called "three hundred and ninety-seven methods" were located. I then inquired among physicians, but they merely recited this phrase by rote. When I sought someone who could analyze them systematically to verify the count, none was found. Thus, I repeatedly deduced and searched: if counting only those clauses with both discussion and formula, the number fell short; if counting all clauses with discussion, whether or not accompanied by a formula, the number exceeded it.
Excluding the chapters on Differentiating Pulse Patterns (Bian Mai Fa), Leveling Pulse Patterns (Ping Mai Fa), the Cold Damage Example (Shanghan Li), and the various chapters on permissible and impermissible sweating, vomiting, and purging, and considering only the clauses in the Six Meridian Disease chapters that have both discussion and formula, or discussion without formula, the count still fell short. If including the Six Meridian Disease chapters along with the Dampness (Shi), Huoluan, Yin-Yang Exchange, and Recovery from Labor/Relapse chapters, counting all clauses with or without formulas, the count exceeded it. If counting only those clauses with both discussion and formula in the aforementioned chapters, the number was too small. I could not reach a conclusion. If I dismissed this statement as baseless later addition and rejected it, I suspected it might have some basis, possibly from Zhang Zhongjing or Wang Shuhe, and dared not discard it. If I revered and strictly followed it, I tried多方 to find conformity but failed. In Song Dynasty, Lin Yi and others corrected the *Treatise on Cold Damage* (*Shanghan Lun*), stating in their preface: "We have now collated Zhang Zhongjing's *Treatise on Cold Damage* into ten volumes, totaling twenty chapters, with three hundred and ninety-seven methods outside the disease patterns." I examined these ten volumes and twenty-two chapters. In the Six Meridian, Huoluan, and Yin-Yang Exchange/Recovery chapters, the clauses with formulas were counted, and then repeated at the beginning of each chapter. They also stated that diseases are urgent and hard to find in haste, so they re-collected the permissible and impermissible treatments into eight chapters, again counting them, placed after the Recovery chapter. The Taiyang Upper section is annotated as 16 methods; Taiyang Middle as 66; Taiyang Lower as 39; Yangming as 44; Shaoyang mentions no method count; Taiyin as 3; Shaoyin as 23; Jueyin as 6; Impermissible Sweating as 1; Permissible Sweating as 41; Post-Sweating as 25; Permissible Vomiting as 2; Impermissible Purging as 4; Permissible Purging as 44; Post-Sweating/Vomiting/Purging as 48. Summing these annotations yields 387 methods. However, Shaoyang has one method involving Xiaochaihu Tang, likely omitted due to a lacuna. The Permissible Vomiting chapter actually has five methods, but lists only two, likely an error. Adding these four errors/lacunae to the total gives 391 methods within the claimed 397, still six short of the preface's claim. Consulting the *Pulse Classic* (*Mai Jing*), beyond the permissible sweating/vomiting chapters, there are additional chapters on permissible/impermissible warming, moxibustion, acupuncture, water therapy, and fire therapy. Using these to fill the gap results in an excessive and unusable number. In Yuan Dynasty, Cheng Dezhai wrote *Shanghan Qianfa*, stating in his preface: "One can master the three hundred and ninety-seven methods of Six Meridian transmission at one's fingertips." He further listed: Six Meridians 211, Huoluan 6, Yin-Yang Exchange/Recovery 6, Dampness 9, Impermissible Sweating 26, Suitable Sweating 41, Impermissible Vomiting 5, Impermissible Purging 5, Permissible Sweating 5, Permissible Vomiting 5. Summing these yields only 318 methods, lacking 78 from 397. His preface claims one thing, but his calculation shows another, proving he did not ascertain the true number. Hence, in his detailed list, he only reiterates the Six Meridian, Huoluan, Dampness, Yin-Yang Exchange, and Recovery methods, ignoring the others. Recent annotators of *Shanghan Lun* do not investigate these errors but blindly follow his labels. I discarded this view and studied the original text day and night until I suddenly realized the calculated number was logically inconsistent and not from Zhang Zhongjing or Wang Shuhe. *Shanghan Lun* was written by Zhang Zhongjing. By Wang Shuhe's time, much was lost. Although Shuhe compiled what remained, he could not restore the original. Thus, the extant text is not the complete work. Later ignorant people, failing to realize this, treated it as complete, setting standards like "X Meridian has Y cases," claiming no aspect of cold damage treatment was left out. They ignored that many clauses have discussion but no formula. For instance, quoting *Neijing* on Six Meridian symptoms: Yangming lacks eye pain; Shaoyang mentions chest/hypochondriac fullness but not pain; Taiyang lacks throat dryness; Jueyin lacks testicular retraction. These omissions indicate loss, not absence. Those setting standards were rigid, knowing only of Shuhe's repetitions but not his intent. Shuhe repeated treatments in the eight chapters partly because only 15 were unique to them, while 153 were already counted in the Six Meridian chapters. How can one method be counted twice? Although Cheng Dezhai differed from Lin Yi, he was also flawed. He correctly avoided double-counting post-sweating/vomiting/purging methods, yet in "Suitable Sweating 41," he double-counted methods, just like Lin Yi. Presumably, hearing only of "397 methods," he tried to count them in the text to match the total but failed, offering vague explanations to deceive later generations, performing worse than Lin Yi. Even if the "397 methods" originated before Lin Yi, it is insufficient. Once stated, it should have been scrutinized, yet it was accepted as an immutable truth for millennia—tragic! I now exclude duplicates and formula-less clauses from the 397, counting only unique formula-containing clauses, resulting in 238 "treatments" (Zhi). This makes sense. If using "Method" (Fa), then everything in Zhongjing's book is a method, not just those with formulas. Are discussions on patterns and pulses, and admonitions on diagnosis, not methods? Regarding clauses outside the Six Meridians, the two editors' selections differ, which need not be debated. However, within the Six Meridians, there are illogical inconsistencies. For example, Taiyang disease, after three days and improper treatments (sweating, vomiting, purging, warm needle) remaining unresolved, is termed "ruined disease" (Huai Bing); Guizhi Tang is contraindicated. One must observe pulse and pattern to treat accordingly. Guizhi Tang releases the muscle layer; if pulse is floating-tight, feverish, and anhidrotic, it is contraindicated. Also, patients with alcoholism should not take Guizhi Tang as it causes vomiting due to aversion to sweetness. Asthmatics taking Guizhi Tang may vomit pus and blood. Lin Yi's edition counts "Taiyang disease... do not err" as one method; "Alcoholism... add Polyspora and Apricot Kernel" as another; "Vomiting pus/blood" as a pattern, not a method. Cheng Dezhai's *Qianfa* counts "Taiyang disease... treat according to syndrome" as one method; "Guizhi Tang... vomit pus/blood" as another. Lin Yi counts "Organ Knot (Zang Jie)... death" as one method, excluding other fatal cases. Cheng Dezhai excludes "Yangming disease... heat entering Blood Chamber... puncture Qimen" but includes Taiyang acupuncture points. They selectively include/exclude similar clauses based on presence of formulas or logic, leading to contradictions. Both editors are flawed. Close examination of the original text reveals these loopholes.