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During the height of summer heat, one must pay special attention to regulating diet and drink. This is because latent Yin-cold resides within the interior, causing the decomposition and transformation of food to be slightly delayed. Furthermore, fruits and vegetables from gardens are often eaten raw, and drinks such as Perilla Water (Sushui) and Cinnamon Syrup (Guishuang) are sought after as frozen cold beverages. The combination of cold and raw foods makes digestion even more difficult. A slight injury leads to undigested stool diarrhea (Sun-xie), while a severe injury results in Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome with vomiting and diarrhea). Therefore, food intake during the summer months should be particularly reduced to facilitate the grinding and transformation by the Spleen and Stomach. One must avoid cold and raw foods to prevent diseases of the Zang-Fu organs. Although it is difficult to completely abstain from cold drinks even in the deep summer while exposed to heat, one should restrain oneself to drink sparingly and avoid combining them with hard raw fruits and vegetables, greasy foods, or sweet treats; this way, illness will not occur.

When suffering from watery diarrhea with stools that are bluish-white or yellowish-white, or containing undigested rice and grain, accompanied by borborygmus (intestinal rumbling) and abdominal pain, this is caused by an injury from Cold. If it presents as Dong-xie (draining diarrhea) or Han-zhong (Cold invading the interior), manifesting as Huoluan with vomiting and diarrhea, and the pulse is fine, weak, and tight, Li Zhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill), Ping Wei San (Calm the Stomach Powder), or Tiao Zhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) should be used for warming and tonification. In severe cases, Jin Ye Dan (Golden Fluid Pill) or Chao Zhen Dan (Pay Homage to Truth Pill) are indicated. If the medicine is vomited immediately upon ingestion, it indicates excessive internal Yin-cold. In such cases, decoctions should be taken cold, and pills should be taken with Di Jiang Shui (Earth Slurry Water); this method is known as "treating heat with cold" (Re Yin Han Yong).

When suffering from watery diarrhea with deep yellow stools containing undigested food, red urine, abdominal and hypochondriac fullness without pain, restlessness, mental confusion, thirst, and a desire to drink, this is caused by an injury from Heat. This is classified as Xia Re Xia Li (Diarrhea with accompanying Heat). The pulse is surging and rapid. Zhu Che Wan (Stop Cartilage Pill), Can Lian San (Ginseng and Coptis Powder), or Bai Pi Tang (Phellodendron Bark Decoction) should be used to harmonize. In severe cases, San Huang Wan (Three Yellows Pill) or Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Direct Downward Decoction) are indicated. For bloody diarrhea due to accompanying Heat, Bai Pi Tang is the primary treatment.

When suffering from diarrhea with yellow stools containing froth, borborygmus, abdominal and hypochondriac fullness, and occasional mild pain, this is due to a disorder of Cold and Heat. The pulse is deep, tight, and slightly rapid. If hot medicines cause symptoms to worsen, Wu Ji Wan (Five Earths Pill) or Xiang Lian Wan (Cinnamon and Coptis Pill) are indicated. If there is heaviness in the lower part, tenesmus (urgent but ineffective defecation), it will inevitably turn into dysentery with pus and blood; resolving the damp-heat through purgation will lead to recovery.

In cases of sudden, profuse watery diarrhea where stools are bluish-white or yellowish-white, containing rice/grain either digested or undigested, with abdominal/hypochondriac distension varying from present to absent, pain varying from present to absent, belching of raw and cooked food odors, and complete loss of appetite: if administering warming and tonifying medicines leads to different syndromes, it indicates an injury from accumulation. This is Sun-xie. The exterior pulse is deficient while the interior is excess, and the Guan position pulse is notably tight. Xiao Ji Wan (Eliminate Accumulation Pill) or Bu Er Wan (Not Two Pills) should be used to transform the accumulation. In severe cases, Bei Ji Wan (Emergency Aid Pill) is indicated. (Note: The aforementioned Bu Er Wan contains Arsenic; do not take excessively. I have seen doctors cause harm by using it.)

Furthermore, Wind injury in Spring leads to Sun-xie in Summer. When Wind pathogen moves through the intestines and stomach, it causes sudden diarrhea and dysentery; the pulse is floating, slow, and deficient. Qiang Huo An Zhong Tang (Notopterygium Calms the Middle Decoction), Wei Feng Tang (Stomach Wind Decoction), Jing Huang Tang (Aristolochia and Rhubarb Decoction), and He Li San (Persimmon Sepal Powder) are all suitable treatments.

For Chi Bai Li Ji (Dysentery with red and white discharge), whether pus is abundant and blood scanty, or blood is abundant and pus scanty, it is due to the presence of accumulation. Or, if initial diarrhea with accompanying Heat was mistakenly treated with warm medicines, leading to dysentery with pus and blood: the Guan pulse is deep, tight, and forceful upon pressure. This is a minor disease. All cases should first be treated with medicines to eliminate accumulation. Once slight purgation has occurred, Xiang Lian Wan, Zhu Che Wan, or Wu Ji Wan can cure it. To eliminate accumulation, use Xiao Ji Wan, Bu Er Wan, or Gan Ying Wan. For lingering malignant dysentery, Zhu Fen Dan (Vermilion Powder Pill) is indicated (from *Ji Yan Fang*).