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When the pulse is double-string-like and slow, there must be hardness below the heart. When the pulse is large and tight, it indicates Yin within Yang. Purging may be used; Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is appropriate.

All versions in circulation read "Da Cheng Qi Tang is appropriate," which is a transcription error. Examining the formula for Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction), it contains the acrid-warm properties of Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) and Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), which clear fluid retention and dispel cold; thus, it can treat Yin pathogens hidden within Yang syndromes. If Da Cheng Qi Tang consists purely of bitter-cold herbs, it will merely attack the harmonious Qi of the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner), making complications such as epigastric fullness and diarrhea inevitable. (from *Shanghan Zuanyuan*)

The annotations on this passage are all forced interpretations attached to the text. Some suspect that "purging may be used" is the original text, and the prescription was added later by subsequent generations; this argument is quite reasonable. Generally, in the Six Channels chapters, there are many instances where purging is indicated without specifying a formula, intending for physicians to apply treatment flexibly according to circumstances. (from *Shanghan Lun Yi Daquan*)

When the pulse is double-string-like and slow, there must be hardness below the heart. ○ When the pulse is large and tight, it indicates Yin within Yang.

Wang Shuhe classified the above two sections into the category of "purgeable conditions," merging them into one section with the concluding sentence: "Purging may be used; Da Cheng Qi Tang is appropriate." This has now been corrected and divided into two separate sections. (Wu Zuncheng)

When Yin and Yang struggle against each other, it is called a Moving Pulse (Dong Mai). When Yang moves, sweat occurs; when Yin moves, fever arises. A cold body and aversion to cold indicate injury to the San Jiao (Triple Burner). If a rapid pulse appears at the Guan position (middle position), without head or tail, about the size of a bean, quivering and moving vigorously, it is named a Moving Pulse.

Note: The phrase "When Yang moves, sweat occurs" should be "fever arises." The phrase "When Yin moves, fever arises" should be "sweat occurs." How could applying Yang to Yang result in sweating? The *Suwen* states: "Applying Yang to Yin is called sweat." Following the classic, these have been transposed. (from *Yizong Jinjian*)

Suppose the pulse comes weakly and departs strongly; this is named Fan (Reverse) pulse, indicating disease in the Interior. If the pulse comes small at the head and large at the root, it is named Fu (Cover) pulse, indicating disease in the Exterior. If the upper part is small and the head is small, it indicates Excess Yin, resulting in sweating. If the lower part is small and the root is large, it indicates Excess Yang, leading to Guan Ge (Obstruction and Rejection) syndrome where urination is impossible. If the head has no sweat, it is treatable; if there is sweat, death ensues.

Note: "Pulse comes small at the head and large at the root" should be "Pulse comes large and departs small." "Upper part small and head small" should be "Upper part minute indicates Excess Yin." "Lower part small and root large" should be "Lower part minute indicates Excess Yang." Only then does it connect with the context. Corrections and additions are necessary. (from *Yizong Jinjian*)

At the Cun Kou (Radial Artery) position, all Micro pulses indicate loss of Yang; all Soft pulses indicate loss of Blood; all Weak pulses indicate fever; all Tight pulses indicate Cold. All cases affected by Cold result in Jue (Cold extremities), Yu Mao (dizziness and fainting), and numbness. This is because the Stomach lacks Grain Qi, the Spleen is obstructed and unsmooth, causing mouth stiffness and inability to speak, trembling, and shivering.

Note: "All Soft pulses indicate loss of Blood" should be "All Soft pulses indicate Wei Qi deficiency." "All Weak pulses indicate fever" should be "All Weak pulses indicate Ying Qi deficiency." A Soft pulse is floating and forceless, indicating Yang deficiency. How could it indicate blood loss? A Weak pulse is sunken and forceless, indicating Yin deficiency. Could it be limited to just fever! Correction is required. (from *Yizong Jinjian*)

At the Zu Yang (Dorsalis Pedis Artery) position, if the pulse is Sunken and Choppy, Sunken indicates vomiting and regurgitation with undigested food and water; Choppy indicates inability to ingest food, named Guan Ge (Obstruction and Rejection).

Note: The character "Hua" (digest/transform) in "undigested food and water" should be "Ru" (enter); if it were "Hua," it would imply ability to eat, so why name it Ge (Rejection)? "Inability to ingest food" should be "inability to urinate"; if there were urine, the water pathway would be open, so why name it Guan (Obstruction)? All corrections are made. (from *Yizong Jinjian*)

At the Cun Kou position, if the pulse is Weak and Slow, Weak indicates deficient Wei Qi, and Slow indicates Cold in the Ying. Ying is Blood; Blood Cold causes fever. Wei is Qi; deficient Qi causes hunger in the heart/mind, emptiness and fullness due to hunger, and inability to eat.

Note: The ending sentence "hunger in the heart/mind, emptiness and fullness due to hunger, inability to eat" discusses the Spleen and Stomach, unrelated to Ying and Wei. Therefore, "Weak indicates deficient Wei Qi" should be "deficient Yang Qi"; "Slow indicates Cold in the Ying" should be "Cold in the Spleen," so the context connects. How could Blood Cold cause fever? Deficient Qi does not make sense here. All are changed. It should be: deficient Yang Qi, Cold in the Spleen leads to hunger in the heart/mind. Reading the next paragraph regarding excess Stomach Qi clarifies this. Correction is required. (from *Yizong Jinjian*)

In Taiyang disease, after mistaken purgation, if the pulse is Cui (Rapid-interrupted) and there is no Jie Xiong (Chest Binding), this indicates impending resolution. If the pulse is Floating, Jie Xiong will definitely occur. If the pulse is Tight, throat pain will definitely occur. If the pulse is Xian (Wiry), bilateral hypochondriac tension will definitely occur. If the pulse is Fine-Rapid, headache will persist. If the pulse is Sunken-Tight, vomiting will definitely occur. If the pulse is Sunken-Slippery, heat-collateral diarrhea will occur. If the pulse is Floating-Slippery, bleeding from the lower orifice will definitely occur.

Note: "Cui pulse" should be "Floating pulse" to align with "no Jie Xiong indicates impending resolution." "Floating pulse" should be "Cui pulse" to align with the discussion of Jie Xiong and chest fullness in the treatise. "Tight pulse" should be "Fine-Rapid pulse," and "Fine-Rapid pulse" should be "Tight pulse" to match the primary pulses of the two channels discussed. "Floating-Slipper pulse" should be "Rapid-Slippery pulse"; Floating-Slippery is the pulse for Bai Hu Tang syndrome, while Rapid-Slippery is the pulse for purulent bloody stool. All corrections are made. (from *Yizong Jinjian*)

After sweating, if body pain persists and the pulse is Sunken and Slow, Gui Zhi Qu Shao Yao Jia Shen Shen Zhu Xin Jia Ren Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction minus Peony and Fresh Ginger, plus Ginseng and New Additions) is the principal treatment.

Body pain after sweating indicates Exterior deficiency; acrid-dispersing herbs should not be used further, hence Fresh Ginger is removed. Sunken indicates Interior involvement, and Slow indicates Zang organ involvement; thus, Yin-Cold should be avoided, hence Peony is removed. Sweet-Warm herbs should be retained to harmonize Ying Qi, and Ginseng is added to unblock the vessels. When the Interior harmonizes, the Exterior resolves naturally. Named "New Additions" because there is no method of tonifying the Center when the Exterior is unresolved. Now, because of the Sunken-Slow pulse, it is used, sharing the same principle as using Si Ni Tang for body pain with a Sunken pulse. ○ Version errors reading "add Peony and Fresh Ginger" are incorrect. (Ke Yunbo)

In Taiyang Wind Strike, if the pulse is Floating-Tight, with fever, aversion to cold, body pain, anhidrosis, and irritability, Da Qing Long Tang (Major Blue Dragon Decoction) is the principal treatment. If the pulse is Weak-Fine, with sweating and aversion to wind, it must not be taken. Taking it results in Jue Ni (cold extremities) and Jin Ti Rou Tiao (twitching muscles and fascicles); this is a counteraction. (It should be treated with Zhen Wu Tang to rescue).

The old editions contain the six characters "Da Qing Long Tang is the principal treatment" at the end. Since it states "must not be taken" and taking it causes counteraction, how could there be text saying "Da Qing Long Tang is the principal treatment"? The transcription error is obvious. Huang's correction is excellent. Later generations, doubting this change, deleted these six characters entirely. Deleting them leaves the twenty-five articles in the Upper Compilation without textual evidence, so the vermilion ink version is preserved for reference. (Wei Litong)

Han dynasty writing style often appended prescriptions at the end of clauses. For example, in the Da Qing Long Tang clause, it says "if pulse is weak-fine, sweating, aversion to wind, do not take; taking it causes Jue Ni, twitching muscles, this is counteraction," yet follows with "Da Qing Long Tang is the principal treatment." This is the same pattern. (Zhang Jianshan)

In Shang Han (Cold Damage), if the pulse is Floating-Slow, body is not painful but heavy, occasionally lighter, and there are no Shao Yin signs, Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) should be used to disperse.

World versions read "Da Qing Long Tang," corrected from the *Nei Bian*. (Zhang Luyu)

Xiao Qing Long Tang, all workshop versions read Da Qing Long. I read ancient editions in my youth, which truly said Xiao Qing Long. Observing the pulse and symptoms in the clause, they do not fit Da Qing Long disease at all. It suits the popular saying of "wind strike seeing cold." Recently, I received corrections from my friend Zhang Luyu, pleased that he anticipated my thoughts. (Cheng Jiaoqian)

Note: This clause must contain an error. Floating-Slow pulse means pathogenic ease dispersal; no body pain means exterior pathogen has retreated; occasional lightness means disease has not entered Yin. With no other Shao Yin signs, this is the mildest disease. Why use the harsh Qing Long agents? There must be another principal formula mistakenly attributed to Qing Long. (Xu Lingtai)

In Shang Han, if the pulse is Floating-Slippery, this indicates Heat in the Exterior and Cold in the Interior; Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is the principal treatment.

Note: The character "Han" (Cold) in "Cold in the Interior" should be "Re" (Heat). If it were Cold, it would not be a Bai Hu Tang syndrome. Correction is required. (from *Yizong Jinjian*)

This clause clearly has a wrong character; "Cold" is undoubtedly "Heat." Comparing the pulse, Floating indicates Exterior Heat, Slippery indicates Interior Heat. If Slippery were interpreted as Interior Cold, how dare one administer Bai Hu Tang! Is there any case of Interior Cold using Bai Hu Tang? (Fang Zhiyuan)

The character "Han" (Cold) in the Classic should be interpreted as "Xie" (Pathogen), which also implies Heat. This explanation is very correct. If it were Cold, it would not be a Bai Hu Tang syndrome. (Wang Sanyang)

The Treatise says: In Shang Han, pulse Floating-Slippery, Heat in the Exterior, Cold in the Interior, Bai Hu Tang is principal. For a long time, its meaning was unknown. Using Bai Hu Tang abruptly for Exterior Heat is already urgent, yet acceptable; but if there is Interior Cold and still Bai Hu Tang is used, this is absolutely unreasonable. Interior Cold with Exterior Heat means Exterior Heat is false heat and Interior Cold is true cold; this is Internal Cold External Heat, Water Extreme resembling Fire, Yin Excess Repelling Yang syndrome. Si Ni Tang and Li Zhong Wan are still feared insufficient; how can Bai Hu Tang be used? Having examined all explanations, none are consistent; some simply expound the text, others are forced interpretations. Even Yu Jiayan interpreting Cold as a term of origin is logical but forced in explanation. Later, realizing the principle that deep Jue leads to deep Heat, and extreme Heat involves Cold transformation, understanding broadened. The characters Exterior and Interior are undoubtedly mixed up in transcription. (from *Yibu*)

In Taiyang disease, Cun is Slow, Guan is Floating, Chi is Weak. The person has fever, sweating, and recurring aversion to cold, no vomiting, but only epigastric fullness; this is caused by the physician's mistaken purgation. If purgation had not been used, and the patient is not averse to cold but thirsty, this has transferred to Yangming. Frequent urination implies hard stools; even if not defecating for ten days, there is no distress. If desiring water, give small amounts. Rescue only by method; for thirst, Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is appropriate.

Note: The five characters "Rescue only by method" should be "If urination is difficult," to align with the preceding frequent urination and following thirst. This clause describes a non-emergency condition, making "rescue" language meaningless. Wang Sanyang previously stated Wu Ling San is difficult to use here; otherwise, there must be missing text after "thirst" in the Classic. Correction is required. (from *Yizong Jinjian*)

In Shang Han, five or six days later, with head sweating, slight aversion to cold, cold hands and feet, epigastric fullness, lack of desire to eat, hard stools, and Fine pulse, this is Yang Wei Jie (Yang Minor Binding). There must be Exterior involvement and Interior involvement. Sunken pulse also indicates Interior involvement. Sweating indicates Yang Wei; if it were Pure Yin Binding, there would be no exterior signs, all entering the Interior; this is half in the Interior, half in the Exterior. Although the pulse is Sunken-Tight, it cannot be Shao Yin disease. The reason is that Yin cannot have sweating; now there is head sweating, therefore it is known not to be Shao Yin. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) may be given; if unsettled, resolution comes with stool.

Note: "Fine pulse" should be "Sunken-Fine pulse." Knowing this from the "also" in the following text "Sunken pulse also indicates Interior." The "Tight" in "Although Sunken-Tight" should be "Fine." There is no "Tight" mentioned earlier in this clause; how can one say "Although Sunken-Tight"? What is the basis for "Although"? It must be a transcription error. (from *Yizong Jinjian*)