人参芎归汤（直指） 治烦躁喘急，虚汗厥逆，小便赤，大便黑，名血胀。 人参 辣桂（去粗皮） 五灵脂
（炒各二钱五分） 乌药 蓬术（煨） 木香 砂仁 炙甘草（各半两） 川芎 当归 半夏（汤炮各七钱五分） 上
咀，每服一两五钱，生姜五片，红枣二枚，紫苏四叶，煎空心服。按∶此方治血胀初成者，服之必效。
化滞调中汤 白术（一钱五分） 人参 白茯苓 陈皮 浓朴（姜制） 山楂肉 半夏（各一钱） 神曲（炒）
麦芽（炒各八分） 砂仁（七分） 水二钟，姜三片，煎八分，食前服。 按∶此方即参术健脾汤，加神曲、麦芽，胀
甚者加萝卜子炒一钱，面食伤尤宜用。乃助脾之健运，以消其气分之胀也。
人参丸 治经脉不利，化为水，流走四肢，悉皆肿满，名曰血分。其候与水相类，若作水治之，非也，宜用此。
人参 当归 大黄（湿纸裹，饭上蒸熟，去纸切炒。） 桂心 瞿麦穗 赤芍药 白茯苓（各半两） 葶苈（炒另研一
钱）
上为末，炼蜜丸如桐子大。每服十五丸，加至二三十丸，空心饮汤下。 按∶此方治血分之水，少用葶苈为使，不至耗
气散气，殊可取用。
见 丸（《宝鉴》） 治寒气客于下焦，血气闭塞而成瘕聚，腹中坚大，久不消者。 附子（炮去皮脐四钱） 鬼
箭羽 紫石英（各三钱） 泽泻 肉桂 元胡索 木香（各二钱） 槟榔（二钱半） 血竭（一钱半另研） 水蛭（一
钱炒烟尽） 京三棱（五钱锉） 桃仁（三十粒、汤浸去，皮尖麸炒研。） 大黄（二钱锉，用酒同三棱浸一宿焙。） 上
十三味，除血竭、桃仁外，同为末，入另研二味和匀，用丸浸药酒打糊，丸如桐子大。每服三十丸，淡醋汤送下，食前
温酒亦得。 按∶此方消瘀之力颇大，用得其宜，亦不为峻。
小温中丸（丹溪） 治胀是脾虚不能运化，不可下之。 陈皮 半夏（汤炮去皮脐） 神曲（炒） 茯苓（各
一两） 白术（二两） 香附子（不要烘晒） 针砂（各一两半醋炒红） 苦参（炒） 黄连（炒各半两） 甘草（三
钱） 上为末，醋水各一盏，打糊为丸，如桐子大。每服七八十丸，白术六钱、陈皮一钱，生姜一片煎汤吞下。虚甚加
人参一钱，各用本方去黄连，加浓朴半两，忌口。病轻者服此丸六七两，小便长。病甚服一斤，小便始长。 按∶脾虚
作胀，最不宜用大黄之药，散其脾气，丹溪此方，亦可取用。
禹余粮丸（《三因》） 治十肿水气，脚膝肿，上气喘急，小便不利，但是水气，悉皆主之。（许学士及丹溪皆
云∶此方治肿胀之要药。） 蛇含石（大者三两，以新铁铫盛入炭火中烧，蛇黄与铫子一般红，用钳取蛇黄倾入醋中，
候冷取出研极细。） 禹余粮石（三两） 真针砂（五两，先以水淘净炒干入余粮，一处用米醋二升，就铫内煮，醋干
为度后用铫并药入炭中烧红钳出，倾药净砖地上，候冷研细。） 以三物为主，其次量人虚实，入下项∶（治水多是取轻，
按此方三物既非大戟、甘遂、芫花之比，又有下项药扶持，故虚人老人亦可服。） 羌活 木香 茯苓 川芎 牛膝（酒
浸） 桂心 白豆蔻（炮） 大茴香（炮） 莪术 附子（炮） 干姜（炮） 青皮 京三棱（炮） 白蒺藜 当归（酒
浸一宿各半两） 上为末，入前药拌匀，以汤浸蒸饼，捩去水，和药再杵极匀，丸如桐子大。食前温酒白汤送下，三十
丸至
五十丸。最忌盐，一毫不可入口，否则发疾愈甚。但试服药，即于小便内旋去，不动脏腑。病去日日三服，兼以温和调
补气血药助之，真神方也。 按∶此方昔人用之屡效，以其暖水脏也。服此丸，更以调补气血药助之，不为峻也。
导气丸 治诸痞塞，关格不通，腹胀如鼓，大便秘结，小肠肾气等疾，功效尤速。 青皮（用水蛭等分同炒赤，
去水蛭。） 莪术（用虻虫等分同炒赤，去虻虫） 胡椒（茴香炒，去茴香。） 三棱（干漆炒，去干漆。） 槟榔（斑
猫
炒，去斑猫。） 赤芍（川椒炒，去川椒。） 干姜（ 砂炒，去 砂。） 附子（青盐炒，去青盐。） 茱萸（牵牛炒，
去牵牛。） 石菖蒲（桃仁炒，去桃仁。） 上各等分锉碎，与所制药炒熟，去水蛭等不用，只以青皮等十味，为细末，
酒糊为丸，如梧桐子大。每服五十丸，加至七十丸，空心用紫苏汤送下。 按∶此方各味俱用峻药同炒，取其气而不取
其质，消坚破结，亦能斩关而入。然病久惫甚，用之必不能胜。病势已成，元气可耐，早用可以建功。
温胃汤 治忧思聚结，脾肺气凝，阳不能正，大肠与胃气不平，胀满上冲，饮食不下，脉虚而紧涩。 附子（炮
去皮脐） 浓朴（去皮生用） 当归 白芍药 人参 甘草（炙） 橘皮（各一钱半） 干姜（一钱一分） 川椒（去
闭口者，炒出汗三分。） 上作一服，水二钟，姜三片，煎至一钟，食前服。 按∶此方变附子理中之意，而加血分药，
兼理其下，亦可取用。
强中汤 治食啖生冷，过饮寒浆，有伤脾胃，遂成胀满，有妨饮食，甚则腹痛。 人参 青皮（去白） 陈皮
（去白） 丁香（各二钱） 白术（一钱半） 附子（炮去皮脐） 草果仁 干姜（炮各一钱） 浓朴（姜制） 甘草
（炙各五分） 呕加半夏。伤面加莱菔子。（各一钱） 水二钟，姜三片，红枣二枚，煎一钟，不拘时服。 按∶此方
即用附子理中汤，更加香燥之药以强其胃，胃气虚寒者，亦可暂用一二剂也。
Ren Shen Xiong Gui Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Angelica Decoction, from *Zhi Zhi Fang*): Treats irritability, panting and urgency, spontaneous sweating due to deficiency, cold extremities (Jue Ni), dark red urine, and black stool. This condition is named Blood Distension (Xue Zhang).
Ingredients: Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), La Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove coarse bark), Wu Ling Zhi (Trogopteri Dung, stir-fried, 2.5 qian each); Wu Yao (Linderae Radix), Peng Zhu (Curcumae Rhizoma, baked), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus), Zhi Gan Cao (Prepared Licorice Root, 0.5 liang each); Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, processed with decoction, 0.75 qian each).
Crush the ingredients. For each dose of 1.5 qian, add 5 slices of Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), 2 Hong Zao (Jujubae Fructus), and 4 leaves of Zi Su Ye (Perillae Folium). Decoct and take on an empty stomach.
Note: This formula treats early-stage Blood Distension; it is effective when taken.
Hua Zhi Tiao Zhong Tang (Stasis-Resolving and Middle-Jiao-Regulating Decoction): Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 1.5 qian); Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Bai Fu Ling (Poria, 1 qian each); Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Nong Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, ginger-processed), Shan Zha Rou (Crataegi Fructus, 1 qian each); Shen Qu (Massae Fermentatae Medicamentosa, stir-fried), Mai Ya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus, stir-fried, 0.8 fen each); Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus, 0.7 fen).
Use 2 zhong of water and 3 slices of Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). Decoct until 0.8 zhong remains. Take before meals.
Note: This formula is essentially Shen Shu Jian Pi Tang (Ginseng and Atractylodes Spleen-Strengthening Decoction) added with Shen Qu (Massa Medicateda) and Mai Ya (Germinated Hordeum). If distension is severe, add 1 qian of stir-fried Luo Bo Zi (Raphani Semen). It is particularly suitable for damage caused by wheat products. It assists the spleen's transportation and transformation to eliminate qi-level distension.
Ren Shen Wan (Ginseng Pill): Treats conditions where meridians are obstructed, transforming into water-dampness that flows to the four limbs, causing generalized swelling and fullness. This condition is called Blood Partition (Xue Fen). Its symptoms resemble water diseases; treating it as a water disease is incorrect. This formula is appropriate.
Ingredients: Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, wrapped in wet paper, steamed over rice, paper removed, sliced and stir-fried), Gui Xin (Cinnamomi Cortex), Qu Mai Sui (Lygodii Spora), Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Bai Fu Ling (Poria, 0.5 liang each); Ting Li (Semen Lepidii et Descurainiae, stir-fried and separately ground, 1 qian).
Grind into powder. Make pills with refined honey, size of paulownia seeds. Take 15 pills per dose, increasing to 20-30 pills. Take with warm liquid on an empty stomach.
Note: This formula treats water within the Blood Partition. Using a small amount of Ting Li (Semen Lepidii et Descurainiae) as a guiding drug prevents depletion of qi. It is highly recommended.
Jian Wan (See Pill, from *Bao Jian*): Treats cold pathogen lodging in the lower jiao, causing obstruction of blood and qi, resulting in mass accumulation (Jia Ju). The abdomen becomes hard and enlarged, persisting for a long time without resolving.
Ingredients: Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, prepared, skin and umbilicus removed, 4 qian); Gui Jian Yu (Spatholobi Caulis), Zi Shi Ying (Fluoritum, 3 qian each); Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Rou Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Yuan Hu Suo (Corydalis Rhizoma), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix, 2 qian each); Bing Lang (Arecae Semen, 2.5 qian); Xue Jie (Santalum Album, 1.5 qian, separately ground); Shui Zhi (Hirudo, 1 qian, stir-fried until smoke ceases); Jing San Leng (Sparganii Rhizoma, 5 qian, crushed); Tao Ren (Persicae Semen, 30 grains, soaked in hot water, skin and tip removed, bran-stir-fried and ground); Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 2 qian, crushed, soaked overnight in wine with San Leng, then dried).
Of the thirteen ingredients, except for Xue Jie (Santalum Album) and Tao Ren (Persicae Semen), grind together into powder. Mix with the two separately ground ingredients. Use medicinal wine-soaked steamed cake paste to form pills, size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, with light vinegar water. Warm wine before meals is also acceptable.
Note: This formula has strong blood-stasis-resolving power. When used appropriately, it is not overly harsh.
Xiao Wen Zhong Wan (Minor Warming Middle Pill, by Zhu Danxi): Treats distension caused by spleen deficiency failing to transport and transform. Purging methods should not be used.
Ingredients: Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, soaked in water, skin and umbilicus removed), Shen Qu (Massae Fermentatae Medicamentosa, stir-fried), Fu Ling (Poria, 1 liang each); Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 2 liang); Xiang Fu Zi (Cyperi Rhizoma, do not bake or dry); Zhen Sha (Magnetitum, 1.5 liang each, stir-fried in vinegar until red); Ku Shen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, stir-fried), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma, stir-fried, 0.5 liang each); Gan Cao (Licorice Root, 3 qian).
Grind into powder. Use 1 zhan of vinegar and 1 zhan of water to make paste for pills, size of paulownia seeds. Take 70-80 pills per dose, swallowed with decoction made from 6 qian Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), 1 qian Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), and 1 slice of Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). For severe deficiency, add 1 qian of Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix). In all cases, remove Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and add 0.5 liang of Nong Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex). Observe dietary restrictions. For mild illness, taking 6-7 liang of these pills will increase urination. For severe illness, taking 1 jin will eventually increase urination.
Note: For distension caused by spleen deficiency, Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) is most contraindicated as it scatters spleen qi. Zhu Danxi’s formula is worth using.
Yu Yu Liang Wan (Halloysitum Pill, from *San Yin Fang Lun*): Treats ten types of edema and water qi, swelling of feet and knees, panting and urgency of breath, and difficult urination. It is indicated for any water qi condition. (Xu Xueshi and Zhu Danxi both state: This formula is a key medicine for treating swelling.)
Main Ingredients Preparation: She Han Shi (Omphacitum, large pieces 3 liang, placed in a new iron pot in charcoal fire until the stone turns red like the pot. Remove with tongs, pour into vinegar, cool, take out, and grind extremely fine.); Yu Yu Liang Shi (Halloysitum, 3 liang); Zhen Zhen Sha (Magnetitum, 5 liang, first washed clean with water and dried, mixed with Yu Yu Liang Shi. Add 2 sheng of rice vinegar, boil in the pot until vinegar is dry. Then place pot and herbs in charcoal fire until red. Remove with tongs, pour onto clean brick ground, cool, and grind fine.).
Using these three as the main base, add the following according to the patient’s deficiency or excess: (Treating water usually involves light drugs. However, these three are not comparable to Da Ji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix), Gan Sui (Kansui Radix), or Yuan Hua (Genkwa Flos), and are supported by the following herbs, so they can be taken by deficient patients and the elderly.) Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Fu Ling (Poria), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, wine-soaked), Gui Xin (Cinnamomi Cortex), Bai Dou Kou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus, prepared), Da Hui Xiang (Foeniculi Fructus, prepared), E Zhu (Curcumae Rhizoma), Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, prepared), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, prepared), Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Jing San Leng (Sparganii Rhizoma, prepared), Bai Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, wine-soaked overnight, 0.5 liang each).
Grind into powder, mix with previous herbs. Soak steamed cake in water, wring out moisture, mix with herbs, pound thoroughly, and form pills size of paulownia seeds. Take 30-50 pills before meals with warm wine or plain water. Salt is strictly forbidden; even a trace will worsen the disease. Upon taking the medicine, water will pass through urine immediately without damaging the zang-fu organs. After the disease resolves, take three times daily, assisted by mild qi- and blood-nourishing herbs. Truly a miraculous formula.
Note: This formula was frequently effective in ancient times because it warms the water organ. Taking this pill with qi- and blood-nourishing assistance is not overly harsh.
Dao Qi Wan (Qi-Guiding Pill): Treats various blockages, Guan Ge syndrome (obstruction and reversal), abdominal distension like a drum, constipation, and disorders of the small intestine and kidney qi. Its efficacy is particularly rapid.
Ingredients: Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, stir-fried with equal amount of Shui Zhi (Hirudo) until red, discard Shui Zhi); E Zhu (Curcumae Rhizoma, stir-fried with equal amount of Meng Chong (Tabanidae), until red, discard Meng Chong); Hu Jiao (Piperis Longi Fructus, stir-fried with Hui Xiang (Foeniculi Fructus), discard Hui Xiang); San Leng (Sparganii Rhizoma, stir-fried with Gan Qi (Dryopteridis Rhizoma), discard Gan Qi); Bing Lang (Arecae Semen, stir-fried with Ban Mao (Mylabris), discard Ban Mao); Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra, stir-fried with Chuan Jiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium), discard Chuan Jiao); Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, stir-fried with Sha (Sand), discard Sha); Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, stir-fried with Qing Yan (Natrii Chloridum), discard Qing Yan); Zhu Yu (Evodiae Fructus, stir-fried with Qian Niu (Pharbitidis Semen), discard Qian Niu); Shi Chang Pu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, stir-fried with Tao Ren (Persicae Semen), discard Tao Ren).
All in equal parts, crush. Stir-fry with the prepared drugs until cooked. Discard the auxiliary drugs (Shui Zhi, etc.). Use only the ten main herbs (Qing Pi, etc.), grind to fine powder, make pills with wine paste, size of paulownia seeds. Take 50 pills per dose, increasing to 70 pills. Take on an empty stomach with Zi Su Tang (Perilla Decoction).
Note: Each ingredient in this formula is stir-fried with harsh drugs to extract their qi/energy rather than their substance. It can break hardness and knots, penetrating barriers. However, if the disease is chronic and the body is severely exhausted, it cannot be tolerated. If the disease pattern is established but the yuan qi (original qi) can withstand it, early use can achieve success.
Wen Wei Tang (Warm Stomach Decoction): Treats knotting from worry and thought, stagnation of spleen and lung qi, yang qi unable to normalize, imbalance between large intestine and stomach qi, distension rushing upward, inability to eat, and a pulse that is deficient, tight, and choppy.
Ingredients: Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, prepared, skin and umbilicus removed), Nong Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, skin removed, raw), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Bai Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Gan Cao (Licorice Root, prepared), Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 1.5 qian each); Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 1.1 qian); Chuan Jiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, remove closed-mouth ones, stir-fried until sweat appears, 0.3 qian).
This constitutes one dose. Use 2 zhong of water and 3 slices of Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). Decoct until 1 zhong remains. Take before meals.
Note: This formula modifies the intent of Fu Zi Li Zhong Tang (Aconite Regulate the Middle Decoction) by adding blood-invigorating herbs to treat the lower jiao simultaneously. It is worth using.
Qiang Zhong Tang (Strengthen Middle Decoction): Treats distension and fullness affecting diet, and severe abdominal pain, caused by consuming raw/cold foods and excessive drinking of cold liquids, damaging the spleen and stomach.
Ingredients: Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, remove white pith), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, remove white pith), Ding Xiang (Caryophylli Flos, 2 qian each); Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 1.5 qian); Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, prepared, skin and umbilicus removed); Cao Guo Ren (Tsaoko Fructus), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, prepared, 1 qian each); Nong Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, ginger-processed), Gan Cao (Licorice Root, prepared, 0.5 fen each). Add Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) for vomiting. Add Lai Fu Zi (Raphani Semen, 1 qian each) for damage from wheat/noodles.
Use 2 zhong of water, 3 slices of Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and 2 Hong Zao (Jujubae Fructus). Decoct until 1 zhong remains. Take at any time.
Note: This formula uses Fu Zi Li Zhong Tang (Aconite Regulate the Middle Decoction) plus aromatic-drying herbs to strengthen the stomach. It can be temporarily used for one or two doses in cases of stomach qi deficiency and cold.