味甘苦，平，微寒，无毒。主解百毒，杀百精老物殃鬼，辟温疫瘴气，邪气蛊毒
口皆吐出，中恶腹痛，时气毒疠，头痛寒热，风肿诸毒，喉痛口疮。久服不夭，轻身长年。
一名周麻。生益州山谷，二月八月采根，晒干。
为君，味苦，平，微寒，无毒。主心腹，去肠胃中结气，饮食积聚，寒热邪气，
致新，除伤寒心下烦热，诸痰热结实，胸中邪逆，五脏间游气，大肠停积水胀，及湿痹拘挛
，亦可作浴汤。久服轻身，明目益精。一名地薰，一名山菜，一名茹草。叶名芸蒿，辛香可
食。生弘农川谷及冤句，二月八月采根，曝干。
味辛甘苦，寒，无毒。主疝瘕肠泻，膀胱热结，溺不下，咳逆，温疟，癫痫，惊
走。疗五脏虚气，小腹支满，胪胀口干，除肾邪强志。久服坚骨髓，益气轻身，中火者不可
服，令人恍惚见鬼。一名梨盖，一名房慈，一名爵离，一名农果，一名利茹，一名方盖。生
临淄川谷，及嵩高、太山、少室，三月三日采根，曝干。
味苦酸，平，无毒。主益气，充肌肤，明目，聪慧先知。久服，不饥、不老、轻
少室山谷，八月九月采实，晒干。
味苦，微寒，微温，无毒。主五脏瘀血，腹中水气，胪胀留热，风寒湿痹，身体诸痛，
疗心下坚，膈中寒热，周痹，妇人月水不通，消食明目。久服轻身，延年不老，驱 食之神
仙，生雍州川谷，亦生上党及道边，十月采实，阴干。
(Shengma, Rhizoma Cimicifugae) Taste is sweet and bitter, nature is neutral, slightly cold, non-toxic. It mainly resolves various toxins, kills hundred spirits and old entities, wards off epidemic miasma, pathogenic qi, and gu poison (vomiting out all in the mouth, abdominal pain from evil qi, seasonal toxic plague, headache with chills and fever, wind swelling and various toxins, throat pain and oral ulcers). Long-term consumption prevents premature death, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Also known as Zhouma. Grows in the valleys of Yizhou; roots are harvested in February and August and sun-dried.
(Used as the sovereign herb), taste is bitter, nature is neutral, slightly cold, non-toxic. It mainly treats heart and abdominal diseases, removes knotted qi in the intestines and stomach, eliminates food accumulation, dispels cold and heat pathogenic qi, (promotes renewal, removes heart vexation and heat from cold damage, resolves phlegm-heat solid accumulations, clears rebellious qi in the chest, dissipates wandering qi among the five zang organs, drains stagnant water and distension in the large intestine, and relieves damp bi syndrome with spasms). It can also be used as a bath decoction. Long-term consumption lightens the body, brightens the eyes, and benefits essence. Also known as Dixun, Shancai, and Rucao. The leaves are called Yunhao, pungent and fragrant, and edible. Grows in the river valleys of Hongnong and Yuanju; roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun.
Taste is pungent, sweet, and bitter, nature is cold, non-toxic. It mainly treats hernia masses and intestinal diarrhea, bladder heat stagnation, inability to urinate, cough and counterflow qi, warm malaria, epilepsy, and fright-induced running. It treats deficiency qi of the five zang organs, fullness and distension in the lower abdomen, bloating and dry mouth, removes kidney pathogenic qi, and strengthens willpower. Long-term consumption solidifies bone marrow, benefits qi, and lightens the body. Those with excessive fire should not consume it, as it causes hallucinations of seeing ghosts. Also known as Ligai, Fangci, Jueli, Nongguo, Liru, and Fanggai. Grows in the river valleys of Linzi, as well as Songgao, Taishan, and Shaoshi; roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the sun.
Taste is bitter and sour, nature is neutral, non-toxic. It benefits qi, fills the skin and flesh, brightens the eyes, and enhances wisdom and foresight. Long-term consumption prevents hunger, aging, and lightens the body. (Shaoshi valley fruits are harvested in August and September and sun-dried.)
Taste is bitter, slightly cold, slightly warm, non-toxic. It treats blood stasis in the five zang organs, fluid qi in the abdomen, bloating with retained heat, wind-cold-damp bi syndrome, various pains in the body, hardness below the heart, cold and heat in the diaphragm, generalized bi syndrome, amenorrhea in women, aids digestion, and brightens the eyes. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prolongs life, and prevents aging. Drives away (the spirit of eating immortals). Grows in the river valleys of Yongzhou, also in Shangdang and by the roadsides; fruits are harvested in October and dried in the shade.