一十六证，方四首
太阳病，或已发热，或未发热，必恶寒，体痛，呕逆，脉阴阳俱紧，为伤寒。
伤寒一日，太阳脉弱，至四日，太阴脉大。
伤寒一日，太阳受之，脉若静者为不传；颇欲呕，若躁烦，脉数急者，乃为传。
伤寒其二阳证不见，此为不传。
太阳病，头痛发热，身体疼，腰痛，骨节疼，恶风，无汗而喘，麻黄汤主之。
太阳与阳明合病，喘而胸满，不可下也，宜麻黄汤。
病十日已去，其脉浮细，嗜卧，此为外解。设胸满胁痛，与小柴胡汤，浮者麻黄汤主之。
太阳病，脉浮紧，无汗而发热，其身疼痛，八九日不解，其表证仍在，此当发其汗。服
药微除，其人发烦，目瞑，增剧者必衄，衄乃解，所以然者，阳气重故也。宜麻黄汤。
脉浮热数者，可发其汗，宜麻黄汤。
伤寒，脉浮紧，不发其汗，因致衄，宜麻黄汤。
脉浮而紧，浮则为风，紧则为寒，风则伤卫，寒则伤荣，荣卫俱病骨节烦疼，可发其汗，
宜麻黄汤。
太阳病下之微喘者，外未解故也，宜麻黄汤（一云桂枝汤。）
麻黄汤方∶
麻黄（去节，三两） 桂枝（二两） 甘草（一两，炙） 杏仁（七十枚，去皮尖两仁
者）
上四味，以水九升，煮麻黄减二升，去上沫，纳诸药，煮取二升半，去滓，温服八合，
覆取微似汗，不须啜粥，余如桂枝法。
太阳病，项背强几几，无汗，恶风，葛根汤主之。方∶
葛根（四两） 麻黄（三两，去节） 桂枝 芍药 甘草（炙，各二两） 生姜（三两，
切）
大枣（十一枚，擘）
上七味，以水一斗，煮麻黄葛根减二升，去上沫，纳诸药，煮取三升，去滓，分温三服
。不须与粥取微汗。
太阳与阳明合病而自利，葛根汤主之（用上方，一云用后葛根黄芩黄连汤。）
不下利但呕，葛根加半夏汤主之。葛根汤中加半夏半升，洗即是。
太阳病，桂枝证，医反下之，遂利不止，其脉促，表未解，喘而汗出，宜葛根黄芩黄连
汤方∶
葛根（半斤） 甘草（二两，炙） 黄芩 黄连（各三两）
上四味，以水八升，先煮葛根减二升，纳诸药煮取二升，去滓，分温再服。
Sixteen syndromes, corresponding to four prescriptions.
Taiyang disease (Disease of the Taiyang Channel), whether fever has already appeared or not, must be accompanied by aversion to cold, body pain, vomiting and regurgitation, and a tight pulse at all three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi). This is Cold Damage (Shanghan).
On the first day of Cold Damage, the Taiyang pulse is weak; by the fourth day, the Taiyin pulse becomes large.
On the first day of Cold Damage, when the pathogen invades the Taiyang channel, if the pulse remains tranquil (unchanged), it indicates that the disease has not transmitted; if the patient desires to vomit frequently, or exhibits restlessness and irritability, and the pulse becomes rapid and urgent, then transmission has occurred.
If the manifestations of other Yang channels do not appear after Cold Damage, this indicates that the disease has not transmitted.
In Taiyang disease, with headache, fever, body pain, lower back pain, joint pain, aversion to wind, anhidrosis (absence of sweating), and wheezing, Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is the primary treatment.
When Taiyang and Yangming channels are involved simultaneously (Combined Disease), presenting with wheezing and chest fullness, purgation is contraindicated; Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is appropriate.
Ten days or more after illness onset, if the pulse is floating and fine, and the patient feels drowsy, this indicates that the exterior pathogen has resolved. If chest fullness and hypochondriac pain occur subsequently, Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) should be used; if the pulse remains floating, Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is the primary treatment.
In Taiyang disease, with a floating and tight pulse, anhidrosis, fever, and body pain persisting for eight or nine days without resolution, if the exterior syndrome still exists, diaphoresis (sweating therapy) should be induced. After taking the medicine, if symptoms slightly alleviate but the patient becomes irritable, keeps eyes closed, and the condition worsens, epistaxis (nosebleed) will likely occur, and the disease will resolve upon bleeding. This occurs because of excessive retention of Yang Qi. Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is appropriate.
For those with a floating pulse, obvious heat signs, and rapid pulse rate, diaphoresis can be induced; Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is appropriate.
In Cold Damage, with a floating and tight pulse, if diaphoresis is not performed in time leading to epistaxis, Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is appropriate.
A floating and tight pulse indicates floating represents Wind pathogen and tight represents Cold pathogen. Wind injures the Defensive Qi (Wei Qi), and Cold injures the Nutritive Qi (Ying Qi). When both Ying and Wei are diseased, causing severe bone and joint pain, diaphoresis can be induced; Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is appropriate.
If Taiyang disease is incorrectly treated with purgation resulting in slight wheezing, it is because the exterior pathogen has not resolved; Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is appropriate (another view suggests Guizhi Tang).
Mahuang Tang Prescription:
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, Ephedra Stem) - remove nodes, 3 liang
Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, Cinnamon Twig) - 2 liang
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, Licorice Root) - 1 liang, honey-fried
Pruni Semen Armeniacae Amarum (Xingren, Apricot Seed) - 70 seeds, remove skin and sharp ends, use double-kernel seeds
The above four ingredients are boiled in 9 sheng of water. First boil Ephedra until reduced by 2 sheng, skim off the foam on the surface, then add the remaining herbs. Boil until 2.5 sheng remains, strain, and take 8 he of the decoction warm. Cover with blankets to induce a slight sweat. There is no need to drink hot porridge to assist sweating. Other care instructions follow the method for Guizhi Tang.
For Taiyang disease presenting with stiffness and rigidity of the neck and back (Jinjin), anhidrosis, and aversion to wind, Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction) is the primary treatment. Prescription:
Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen, Kudzu Root) - 4 liang
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, Ephedra Stem) - 3 liang, remove nodes
Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, Cinnamon Twig)
Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao, White Peony Root)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, Licorice Root) - honey-fried, 2 liang each
Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma (Shengjiang, Fresh Ginger) - 3 liang, sliced
Jujubae Fructus (Dazao, Jujube) - 11 pieces, split open
The above seven ingredients are boiled in 1 dou of water. First boil Ephedra and Kudzu until reduced by 2 sheng, skim off the foam, then add the remaining herbs. Boil until 3 sheng remains, strain, and divide into three warm doses. There is no need to drink porridge to induce a slight sweat.
When Taiyang and Yangming channels are involved simultaneously with spontaneous diarrhea, Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction) is the primary treatment (use the above prescription; another view suggests Gegen Huangqin Huanglian Tang).
If there is no diarrhea but only vomiting, Gegen Banxia Tang (Kudzu and Pinellia Decoction) is the primary treatment. Add half a sheng of Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia, Pinellia Tuber) washed clean to the Gegen Tang formula.
In Taiyang disease, where the pattern corresponds to Guizhi Tang, if the physician incorrectly uses purgation, resulting in incessant diarrhea, a hurried pulse, unresolved exterior syndrome, wheezing, and sweating, Gegen Huangqin Huanglian Tang (Kudzu, Scutellaria, and Coptis Decoction) is appropriate:
Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen, Kudzu Root) - 8 liang (half jin)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, Licorice Root) - honey-fried, 2 liang
Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, Scutellaria Root)
Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian, Coptis Rhizome) - 3 liang each
The above four ingredients are boiled in 8 sheng of water. First boil Kudzu until reduced by 2 sheng, then add the remaining herbs. Boil until 2 sheng remains, strain, and divide into two warm doses.