Pungent in flavor, slightly warm in nature. Indicated for women's beng zhong (profuse uterine bleeding without menstruation), hematemesis, counterflow cough, hemostasis, and resolving carbuncle swelling and toxic vapors.

Indicated for sores in the lower part of the body and rectal prolapse.

Sweet and salty in flavor, neutral in nature, slightly toxic. Indicated for pathogenic qi in the five zang organs, leukorrhea, pain relief, breaking up stagnant blood and treating metal wounds, promoting tissue regeneration. It is largely similar to Qilin Jie (Dragon's Blood Resin) with minor differences.

Salty, bitter, and pungent in flavor, warm in nature, toxic. Not suitable for excessive consumption. Indicated for accumulations, breaking up congealed blood, aborting fetuses, pain relief, directing qi downward, treating chronic cough and cold retention, removing foul flesh, and generating healthy muscle. It can soften gold and silver, serving as a soldering agent. Originates from Western Regions. Resembles Yaxiao (Saltpeter); those that are bright and clean are of superior quality, also used for equine medicine.

Salty in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Indicated for hot pea sores, ding du (carbuncles), and other swellings. Grows between rocks and soil, resembling ginger, existing in five colors; white ones are best. Found everywhere; those that rot without being astringent are good, and those from Licheng County, Qizhou are excellent.

Mix with vinegar to the consistency of wheat dough, place in a bag. First puncture the pulse under the armpit to bleed, then apply the paste. This is miraculously effective for axillary osmidrosis. Alternatively, heat it until extremely hot, pour into wine, take 5 he (approx. 250ml), three times daily. Indicated for zei feng (wind-stroke) causing opisthotonos. Also, burn five jin (approx. 2.5kg) of red copper, immerse in two dou (approx. 20L) of wine one hundred times. Take as above; highly effective for zei feng.

Sour in flavor, cold in nature, slightly toxic. Indicated for ding zhong (carbuncles), malignant sores, equine spinal sores, and axillary osmidrosis. Grind on stone with water to extract juice for topical application. For ding zhong, grind into powder and apply to the sore; this is beneficial.

Neutral in nature, non-toxic. Indicated for women's leukorrhea, white beng (profuse vaginal discharge), stopping vomiting and counterflow, breaking blood stasis, hemostasis. Grind with water and apply to sores to remove scars. Those from Dingzhou are best; others are inferior.

Cold in nature, non-toxic. Boil in water and drink the decoction to stop xiao ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). Those collected from eaves over many years are superior.

Boil in water and drink the decoction; effective for lin zheng (dysuria). For difficult labor, hold one piece in each hand; immediate effect observed. Originates from Lingling.

Indicated for abdominal pain, yie ge (dysphagia/choking), zhong e (sudden severe illness) with epistaxis, and infantile soft sores.

Forty flavors [referring to the section or category count].

Sour in flavor, neutral in nature. Indicated for improving vision, supplementing liver qi, stabilizing jing po (spiritual essence), and fostering benevolence and compassion. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents aging, extends life, and makes one like an immortal. Also known as Long Zhi (Dragon Mushroom). Grows on Mount Tai.

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