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According to the *Longmu Lun* (Dragon Tree Treatise): Ocular diseases include seventy-two types of internal obstructions, twenty-three types of external obstructions, and forty-nine manifestations of pathological conditions, each distinct. By accurately identifying these clinical manifestations without error, treatment can be guided by reliable principles.

Note: Detailed descriptions of various conditions are found in the main treatise. However, internal obstructions manifest as dimness or obscuration of the "Black Water Shen Guang" (the luster within the pupil and visual function), whereas external obstructions involve the presence of membranes or films over the eye. Although the current discussion lists various conditions, the medications used are primarily based on wind-heat etiology; thus, they are briefly summarized here. Internal obstructions may arise from phlegm-heat with qi stagnation, blood-heat with sinking of yang, or yin deficiency leading to depletion of nutritive qi. Various etiologies are omitted from detailed discussion. Furthermore, external obstructions (films) may originate from the inner canthus, outer canthus, upper eye, lower eye, or center of the eye. One must observe which meridian the film's color originates from. For example, Li Dongyuan’s treatment case: The wife of Wei Bangyan had an ocular film that developed from below upward, indicating the disease originated from the Yangming Meridian. Green is not one of the five primary colors; it likely indicates a combined pathology of the Lung and Kidney. Consulting painters, ink was mixed with lead white powder (Nifen) to synthesize a color, which closely matched the film's hue. This confirmed Lung and Kidney pathology. Treatment involved purging pathogenic factors from the Lung and Kidney, using herbs entering the Yangming Meridian as guiding agents. The treatment was effective, but the condition recurred three times subsequently. The meridians involved and the film colors varied each time. Inquiry revealed that meridian dysfunction persisted, confirming the diagnosis. Adhering to this diagnostic and therapeutic approach, the disease ceased to recur. In cases where treatment fails despite analyzing the film color and underlying etiology, it is due to pathogens becoming entrenched over time and insufficiency of primordial qi and yin qi. Such cases require gentle, regulatory ("Kingly Way") treatment methods. Regrettably, those who fail to adhere to these principles often suffer blindness. How sorrowful!

Li Dongyuan stated: Mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) results from excessive consumption of pungent and hot foods. Pungency promotes dispersion, while heat exacerbates fire. Fire ascends to the brain, causing the essence to scatter. When essence scatters, vision becomes blurred and objects appear enlarged. The faculty of clarity allows one to perceive all things. If vision is indistinct, it indicates depletion of essence. Fire and Qi are mutually exclusive in their dynamics. As the classics state: "Excessive fire consumes Qi; excessive fire disperses Qi." Wind-heat governed by the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian connects to the optic nerve system. Pathogenic factors enter the body according to their affinity. Following this pathway, they attack the head and eyes, causing swelling, oppression, and mydriasis. These symptoms are caused by blood deficiency and weak yin. Treatment should dispel wind-heat, cool the blood, nourish blood, and consolidate dispersed Qi to achieve recovery.