五脏无偏胜,虚阳无补法,六腑有调候,弱阴有强理。心肝脾肺肾,各有所滋生,一脏
或有余,四脏俱不足。此五脏无偏胜也。或浮或为散,是曰阳无根。益之欲令实,翻致不能
禁。此虚阳无补法也。膀胱大小肠,三焦胆包络,俾之各有主,平秘永不危。此六腑有调候
也。衰弱不能济,遂使阳无御,反而欲匹之,要以方术盛。此弱阴有强理也。《解精微论》
曰∶心者,五脏之专精。目者,其窍也,又为肝之窍。肾主骨,骨之精为神水。故肝木不平
,内挟心火,为势妄行,火炎不制,神水受伤,上为内障,此五脏病也。劳役过多,心不行
事,相火代之。《五脏生成论》曰∶诸脉皆属于目。相火者,心包络也,主百脉,上荣于目
,火盛则百脉沸腾,上为内障,此虚阳病也。膀胱小肠三焦胆,脉俱循于目。其精气亦皆上
注,而为目之精。精之窠为眼,四腑一衰,则精气尽败,邪火乘之,上为内障,此六腑病也
。神水黑眼,皆法于阴;白眼赤脉,皆法于阳。阴齐阳侔,故能为视。阴微不立,阳盛即淫
。《阴阳应象大论》曰∶壮火食气,壮火散气。上为内障,此弱阴病也。其病初起时,视觉
微昏,常见空中有黑花,神水淡绿色;次则视岐,睹一成二,神水淡白色,可为冲和养胃汤
主之,益气聪明汤主之,《千金》磁朱丸主之,石斛夜明丸主之。有热者,泻热黄连汤主之
。久则不睹,神水纯白色,永为废疾也。然废疾亦有治法,先令病者,以冷水洗眼如冰,气
血不得流行为度,用左手大指次指按定眼珠,不令转动,次用右手持鸭舌针,去黑睛如米许
,针之令入。白睛甚浓,欲入甚难,必要手准力完,重针则破,然后斜回针首,以针刀刮之
,障落则明。有落而复起者,起则重刮。刮之有至再三者,皆为洗不甚冷,气血不凝故也。
障落之后,以棉裹黑豆数粒,令如杏核样,使病目垂闭,覆眼皮上,用软帛缠之,睛珠不得
动移为度。如是五七日,才许开视,视勿劳也。亦须服上药,庶几无失。此法治者五六,不
治者亦四五。五脏之病,虚阳之病;六腑之病,弱阴之病。四者皆为阴弱不能配阳也。噫!
学人慎之。
When the five Zang organs are not in a state of excessive dominance, there is no method for tonifying deficient Yang. The six Fu organs have methods for regulating temperature and humidity, and weak Yin has principles for strengthening. Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lung, and Kidney each have their own sources of nourishment; if one Zang organ is in excess, the other four are all deficient. This is what is meant by "the five Zang organs are not in a state of excessive dominance." A pulse that is either floating or scattered is called "Yang without root." Attempting to tonify it to make it solid results instead in an inability to control it. This is what is meant by "there is no method for tonifying deficient Yang." Bladder, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Sanjiao (Triple Burner), Gallbladder, and Pericardium should each have their own governance; if they are balanced and secure, danger will never arise. This is what is meant by "the six Fu organs have methods for regulation." When weakness fails to assist (Yang), Yang loses its defense. To try to match it inversely requires relying on medical formulas to strengthen it. This is what is meant by "weak Yin has principles for strengthening." *Jie Jing Wei Lun* states: "The Heart is the concentration of the essence of the five Zang organs. The eyes are its orifice, and also the orifice of the Liver." The Kidney governs the bones, and the essence of the bones transforms into Shen Water (aqueous humor). Therefore, when Liver Wood is unbalanced, it internally harbors Heart Fire, causing forceful and erratic movement. If the fire flares up uncontrollably, Shen Water is injured, leading upward to internal cataracts; this is a disease of the five Zang organs. Excessive labor causes the Heart to fail in its functions, and Ministerial Fire (Xiang Huo) takes over. *Wu Zang Sheng Cheng Lun* states: "All vessels belong to the eyes." Ministerial Fire is the Pericardium, which governs all vessels and nourishes the eyes from above. When fire is excessive, all vessels boil, leading upward to internal cataracts; this is a disease of deficient Yang. The Bladder, Small Intestine, Sanjiao, and Gallbladder channels all traverse the eyes. Their essential qi also ascends to inject into the eyes, becoming the essence of the eye. The gathering place of essence is the eye; if any of the four Fu organs declines, the essence and qi will completely deteriorate, allowing pathogenic fire to take advantage and ascend to form internal cataracts; this is a disease of the six Fu organs. Shen Water and the black part of the eye follow the principle of Yin; the white part of the eye and red vessels follow the principle of Yang. When Yin and Yang are equal, vision is possible. If Yin is weak and cannot stand firm, Yang becomes excessive and invasive. *Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun* states: "Exuberant fire consumes Qi, exuberant fire scatters Qi." Ascending to form internal cataracts is a disease of weak Yin. At the onset of the disease, vision is slightly dim, often seeing black flowers floating in the air, and Shen Water appears pale green; subsequently, diplopia occurs (seeing one object as two), and Shen Water appears pale white. These can be primarily treated with Chonghe Yangwei Decoction, Yiqi Congming Decoction, Cizhu Wan from *Qianjin Fang*, or Shihu Yeming Pill. For cases with heat, Xi Re Huanglian Decoction is used. After a long time, vision may be lost entirely, Shen Water becomes purely white, resulting in permanent disability. However, there are treatment methods even for disability: first, let the patient wash the eyes with cold water until it feels like ice, stopping when blood and qi cease to flow freely. Use the thumb and index finger of the left hand to press firmly on the eyeball to prevent rotation. Then, using the right hand, hold a duck-tongue needle and insert it at a distance of about a grain of rice from the cornea (Heijing). The sclera (white part) is very dense, making insertion difficult; precise technique and complete strength are required, otherwise heavy needling will cause rupture. Then, tilt the needle head back and scrape with a needle knife. Once the opacity falls, vision clears. If the opacity recurs after falling, scrape again upon recurrence. Scraping may need to be repeated two or three times; this is because the washing was not cold enough, and the blood and qi did not coagulate. After the opacity falls, wrap several black beans in cotton to the size of an apricot kernel, place them on the closed eyelid of the affected eye, and bind tightly with soft cloth until the eyeball does not move. After five to seven days, allow the patient to open their eyes, but avoid visual strain. Medication mentioned above must also be taken to ensure success. With this method, five or six recover, while four or five do not. Diseases of the five Zang organs are diseases of deficient Yang; diseases of the six Fu organs are diseases of weak Yin. All four conditions result from weak Yin being unable to match Yang. Alas! Practitioners must be cautious.