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Zi Hezi stated: The twelve regular meridians and the seven extraordinary vessels all circulate up and down. Only the Dai Mai (Girdle Vessel) originates from the sides of the lower abdomen, below the costal margin, encircles the body once, passes through the waist, and resembles a belt. The Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) and Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) follow the abdomen and hypochondrium, flank the umbilicus, flow into the Qichong acupoint, belong to the Dai Mai, and connect with the Du Mai (Governor Vessel). These three vessels—Chong, Ren, and Du—share the same origin but have different courses; they are one source branching into three, and all connect with the Dai Mai. Because the various meridians move up and down, they leave residual heat in the area of the Dai Mai. This pathogenic heat stagnates and suppresses, causing white discharge to overflow and pass down with urine, continuously without cessation; this is called leukorrhea (Bai Dai). *Zisheng Jing* records a case of a woman suffering from leukorrhea. Someone moxa-ed the Qihai acupoint without effect, then moxa-ed the Daipmai acupoint (located one cun eight fen below the costal margin on both sides). It was said that a spirit whispered, "Yesterday's moxibustion was good, but it did not reach me. Today it reached me, so I am leaving." Then she recovered.

Liu Zongnong stated: Leukorrhea mostly originates from Yin deficiency and Yang exhaustion, where Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) fails to ascend, meridians become stagnant and obstructed, and Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) sinks downward. Essence and Qi accumulate in the lower jiao within the extraordinary vessels, fermenting and forming the disease. It is named after the pathology of the Dai Mai, and also named according to its clinical manifestation. White discharge pertains to Qi disorders, while red discharge pertains to Blood disorders. It is often caused by drunkenness and overeating, sexual excess, or taking dry and hot medications. There are also cases where damp-phlegm flows into the lower jiao, or Kidney and Liver Yin excess leads to dampness predominance. It may result from fright causing Liver Wood to overact on Spleen Earth, leading to turbid fluids flowing downward; or from endless longing, resulting in sinew flaccidity, which is referred to as "diseases of the two Yang organs originating from the Heart and Spleen." Alternatively, damp-heat from other meridians may stagnate in the lower abdomen; or the lower Yuan may be deficient and cold, with excessive dampness in the uterus. Treatment methods vary: some use purgation, some use emesis, some combine dispersing with tonifying, some combine tonifying with draining, some combine drying with ascending, and some combine moistening with warming. Others use warming tonification or astringency. These diverse approaches reflect the flexible application of pathogenesis principles.

Regarding leukorrhea, *Su Wen* attributes it to the Ren Mai, while *Mingtang* attributes it to the Daipmai acupoints. Zi Hezi expanded upon this, asserting that the Dai Mai constrains the other vessels and integrates the Chong, Ren, and Du meridians. Stagnant heat overflowing leaks downward through the Dai Mai, clarifying the etiology comprehensively. Liu Zongnong, however, based his discussion on Yin deficiency, Yang exhaustion, and various pathogeneses, providing extremely detailed treatments. This differs significantly from Zhu Danxi's emphasis on damp-phlegm and Zi Hezi's focus on damp-heat. However, besides spermatorrhea, men may experience red and white turbidity; besides metrorrhagia, women may experience red and white leukorrhea. Leukorrhea is considered more severe than turbidity because women are prone to emotional imbalances, particularly depression, leading to continuous, unceasing discharge. One must examine the excesses of the five Zang organs and the deficiency or excess of the pathogenic factors, employing clearing, tonifying, or lifting sunken Qi. Generally, deficiency patterns are more common than excess patterns, and heat patterns are frequent, though cold patterns are not rare. Thus, Zi Hezi traced the root cause, while Liu Zongnong exhaustively described the variations. Li Ting (Lizhai) further extended this by categorizing leukorrhea into five colors.

Traditionally, metrorrhagia was attributed to Liver deficiency with fire, causing blood to fail to be stored; leukorrhea was attributed to Spleen deficiency with dampness, causing Qi to fail to secure. However, if a leukorrhea patient presents with a green complexion and wiry pulse, indicating much depression and anger, how can the Liver not be regulated? If a metrorrhagia patient presents with a yellow complexion and weak pulse, indicating much fatigue, how can the Spleen not be tonified? This requires flexibility in clinical practice.

For leukorrhea due to Yuan Qi deficiency, Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) or Guipi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction) added with wine-fried *Cotini Cortex* (Chungenpi) is most effective. For True Yin deficiency, Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) added with butter-roasted *Cervi Cornu Colla* (Lurong) is used. For concurrent Liver fire, Jiawei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free and Easy Wanderer Powder) with *Cotini Cortex*, or Bazhen Tang (Eight-Treasure Decoction) with *Cotini Cortex*, made into pills, is also effective. For internal heat, add Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) and Xiangfu (Cyperus Rhizome). For spontaneous abortion, add Duzhong (Eucommia Bark) and Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin).

In leukorrhea, obese individuals often suffer from Qi deficiency with phlegm, while thin individuals often suffer from Blood deficiency with fire. None recover without regulation and tonification. Focusing solely on phlegm and fire would be a mistake. It is common to see prolonged cases where excessive purging leads to heavy, dragging pain in the lower abdomen, muscle wasting, full manifestation of deficiency symptoms, and withering of bones and vessels. Thus, leukorrhea involves the loss of essence and blood. The so-called damp-heat refers only to the branch manifestations; the root lies in the Chong, Ren, and Dai vessels. How can one treat without seeking the root?

Case 1: A scholar's wife had chronic leukorrhea, intermittent in nature. After overwork, the discharge became continuous, accompanied by heavy, dragging pain in the abdomen. I prescribed Buzhong Yiqi Tang added with Rongrong (Cistanche), Shanzhuyu (Cornus Fruit), Duzhong (Eucommia Bark), and Muli (Oyster Shell). After several doses, symptoms decreased. Subsequently, Bazhen Wan (Eight-Treasure Pill) added with Rongrong, Duzhong, and Chungenpi was used for conditioning, leading to recovery.

Case 2: A woman suffered from leukorrhea for half a year, with emaciation. I prescribed Buzhong Yiqi Tang added with wine-fried *Cotini Cortex*. After thirty to forty doses, alternating with Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia), the discharge stopped, muscles regained mass, and she recovered.

Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction):
Renshen (Ren Shen, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) 1.5 qian
Huangqi (Astragali Radix, Honey-fried) 1 qian
Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Soil-fried) 1.5 qian
Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Roasted) 0.3 qian
Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) 1 qian
Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) 0.8 qian
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) 0.3 qian
Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) 0.3 qian
Decoct with Ginger and Jujube. Add Chungenpi (*Cotini Cortex*) 1.5 qian, wine-fried. For lower back pain, add Duzhong, Shanzhuyu, and Rongrong. For wind-headache, add Guben (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma) and Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) 0.3 qian each. For damp-heat, add Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) 0.5 qian each, and Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) 0.7 qian.