泄泻之因多端。而要以脾胃为本。脾胃者土也。处于中州。浇灌四旁。清浊以分。水谷以别。皆藉此健运
之能。而升降开阖。由之布化。尚何沥泻之虞哉。惟中气稍弛。风胜则飧泻而完谷不化。寒胜则洞泻而澄澈清
冷。湿胜则濡泻而糟粕不实。热胜则火泻而暴注下迫。更有食积痰饮。则腹中或痛或不痛。反得泻而减也。大
瘕泻。则腹中有瘕。时作时止也。肾泻。则每于子后发。余时则安也。盖土旺则能制水。水旺亦足凌土。湿郁
则能成热。热郁亦足助湿。浊气则能侵上。清气亦足陷下。故治泻之法。不可一端而竟。扶脾正也。而有时乎
平胃。分利常也。而有时乎升提。温补当也。而有时乎清热。况于食积宜消。痰积宜降。瘕聚宜调。肾虚宜补。
且有面色黄白。似乎
脾虚。而补之不效者。以湿热之未清也。亦有久泻不止。习以为恒。而止之
反剧者。亦积热之不解也。苟执脾土喜温恶寒。喜燥恶湿之说。而概以温
热行之。知常而不知变。知经而不知权。使遇中虚且寒者。诚然得矣。倘或
蕴隆不解。不且益其邪而成痼疾也哉。至于治泻九法。士材言之详矣。余不及赘。
胃苓汤
苍术（米泔制） 浓朴（姜制） 陈皮（各一钱） 甘草（三分炙） 白术（八分土炒）
茯苓 泽泻（各一钱） 肉桂（三分） 猪苓（一钱）
加姜枣水煎。或分用合用皆可。
薷苓汤 治暑泻。
香薷 黄连（姜汁炒） 浓朴（姜制） 扁豆（炒） 猪苓
泽泻 白术（土炒） 茯苓（各一钱） 甘草（三分）
姜三片水煎。
四神丸 治脾肾两虚。饮食不思。子后泄泻。
肉果（面煨二两） 补骨脂（胡桃制四两） 五味子（二两） 吴茱萸（浸炒一两）
为末。生姜八两。红枣百枚。煮熟丸。
The causes of diarrhea are diverse. However, the key lies in taking the Spleen and Stomach as the root. The Spleen and Stomach belong to Earth, located in the Middle Jiao (the central region of the body), irrigating and nourishing the surrounding organs, separating the clear from the turbid, and distinguishing between water/grain essence and waste. All of this relies on their vigorous transportation and transformation function. Through the ascending and descending movements, as well as opening and closing mechanisms, Qi is distributed and transformed; thus, where would there be any worry of diarrhea? Only when the Central Qi becomes slightly lax does specific pathogenic factors lead to distinct types: if Wind is excessive, it leads to Sundiarrhea (diarrhea containing undigested food) with complete undigested grains passing through; if Cold is excessive, it leads to Dongdiarrhea (profuse watery diarrhea) with clear and cold excrement; if Dampness is excessive, it leads to Rudiarrhea (loose, unformed stools) with incomplete waste; if Heat is excessive, it leads to Huodiarrhea (violent sudden diarrhea with urgency) with pressing downward sensations. Furthermore, Food Stagnation and Phlegm-Fluid retention may cause abdominal pain that is either present or absent, which actually alleviates after defecation. Da Jia Xie (Great Mass Diarrhea) involves masses in the abdomen that appear and disappear intermittently. Kidney Xie (Kidney Diarrhea) occurs mainly after Zi hour (11 PM to 1 AM), while remaining calm at other times. This is because when Earth is prosperous, it can control Water; when Water is prosperous, it can overwhelm Earth. When Dampness stagnates, it can generate Heat; when Heat stagnates, it can assist Dampness. Turbid Qi can invade upwards, while Clear Qi can sink downwards. Therefore, the methods for treating diarrhea cannot be limited to a single approach. Supporting the Spleen and rectifying righteousness is the standard method, but sometimes one must level the Stomach and dry dampness. Separating and draining via urination is also standard, but sometimes one must lift and raise the Clear Qi. Warming and tonifying is appropriate, but sometimes one must clear Heat. Moreover, for Food Stagnation, one should eliminate it; for Phlegm Stagnation, one should descend it; for Mass Aggregation, one should regulate it; for Kidney Deficiency, one should tonify it. There are cases where the complexion is yellowish-white, appearing as Spleen Deficiency, yet tonification yields no effect because Damp-Heat has not been cleared. There are also cases of chronic diarrhea persisting for a long time, becoming habitual, where stopping it abruptly makes it worse because accumulated Heat has not been resolved. If one adheres rigidly to the theory that "Earth of the Spleen prefers warmth and dislikes cold, prefers dryness and dislikes dampness," and generally applies warm-hot treatments, this is knowing the constant but ignoring change, knowing the canon but ignoring expediency. For patients with Middle Deficiency and Cold, this may indeed be effective. However, if internal accumulated Heat remains unresolved, will it not further exacerbate the pathogen and become an intractable disease? As for the nine methods of treating diarrhea, Shicai (Li Zhongzi's courtesy name) has explained them in detail; I will not add more.
Weiling Tang (Stomach-Ling Decoction)
Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, processed with rice wash water) Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, processed with ginger juice) Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, each 1 qian) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 fen, honey-fried) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 8 fen, soil-fried)
Fuling (Poria) Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, each 1 qian) Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex, 3 fen) Zhuling (Polyporus, 1 qian)
Add Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus), decoct with water. Can be taken separately or combined.
Ruling Tang (Artemisiae Argyi-Poria Decoction) Treats Summerheat-Damp Diarrhea.
Xiangru (Elsholtziae Herba) Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, stir-fried with ginger juice) Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, processed with ginger juice) BianDou (Dolichoris Semen, stir-fried) Zhuling (Polyporus)
Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, soil-fried) Fuling (Poria, each 1 qian) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 fen)
Decoct with three slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens).
Sishen Wan (Four Spirits Pill) Treats Spleen-Kidney Dual Deficiency, lack of appetite, and post-Zi hour diarrhea.
Rou Doukou (Myristicae Semen, baked in flour for two liang) Buguzhi (Psoraleae Fructus, processed with walnut kernels for four liang) Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, two liang) Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, soaked and stir-fried for one liang)
Grind into fine powder. Use eight liang of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and one hundred Dazao (Jujubae Fructus), cook until soft, mash, and form pills.