六法者，汗吐下利温和也。治法盖不出此六字之外。伤寒并杂病，知此六法，其庶乎
得仲景丹溪之旨也。
【汗法】桂枝汤、麻黄汤、双解散、升麻汤、参苏饮、香苏饮、小柴胡汤。
余法加连须葱、桃叶，蒸法出汗。凡邪之在表者，宜汗之而愈。
【吐法】栀子豉汤、大瓜蒂散、人参芦盐汤。
余法加三山丸合解毒散煎。凡病之在胸膈者宜吐之。
【下法】小承气汤、大承气汤、调胃承气汤、 川散、舟车丸、破棺丹。
余法加牵牛丸甘遂末。凡病之在里而邪实于肠胃者，宜下之。
【利法】五苓散、天水散。
余法用田螺、麝香敷脐。凡患小便赤涩，阴阳不分者，利之而愈。
【温法】理中汤、五积散、四逆汤、姜附汤、三建汤。
余法用硫黄丸烧酒煎服。凡病阴证虚寒脉沉迟者必温之。
【和法】小柴胡汤、建中汤。
凡病非表非里，不寒不热，不可汗下者宜和之。
【制药法】伤寒门药之最要者，莫如麻黄、大黄、附子、茱萸之属，其制法不比泛
常，是故不可不附于后也。
麻黄∶去节，先以滚醋汤略泡片时，捞起放干备用，庶免太发。如冬月严寒，腠理致
密，当生用，不必制。
大黄∶须锦纹者佳，切片，用酒拌匀燥干备用，不伤阴血。如年壮人实热者，生用不
必制。
附子∶顶正圆平大者佳，去皮脐，先用盐水姜汁各半盏，用砂锅煮五七沸后，入黄
连甘草各半两，再加童便半盏煮七八沸，住火良久捞起，瓷器盛贮，伏地气一昼夜，取出
晒干备用，庶无毒。
茱萸∶用半熟盐汤泡片时，炒燥备用，庶无小毒。
猪肤∶伤寒咽痛下利而烦者用之，和蜜粉煮羹，本草中未载，今人用之不审，通用浓
皮，而尚连肉在上者有之，若带肉于上，则反作殃。所谓肤者，惟削薄皮面一层而已。其皮
肉之皮亦不可用，方为肤也。
甘澜水∶取水一斗置大盆内，以杓扬之，上有水砂数千颗相聚一团，取用之。
潦水∶行潦之水，取其急流而有声，亦通达之义也。
大青∶要茎叶兼用。
饴糖∶即米与麦共熬者，如蜜样佳。
【解药法】伤寒治法，无非汗下温凉。有汗之而不止者，即用麻黄而不得其法也；有下
之而不止者，即用大黄之不得其法也；有温之而至燥热者，用附子之不得其法也。凡犯此者，
必知其解救之法，庶可矣。
用麻黄后汗出不止者，将病患头发披水盆中，足露出外，用炒糯米半升，龙骨、牡蛎、
防风各一两，研为
细末，周身扑之，随后秘方用药，免致亡阳之祸。
用大黄后泻泄不止者，以乌梅二个、炒粳米一撮、干姜三钱、人参白术炒各半
两、生附皮一钱甘草一钱、升麻少许、灯心一握，水煎去渣，入炒陈壁土一撮，调服即
止，土气以助胃气也。
用附子后身自红者，乃附毒也。用萝卜捣水二盏，入黄连、甘草各半两，煎至八
分，去渣入犀角，磨汁三钱饮之，解其附毒，红即退而愈。每见不知解法，迟延既久，耳
目口鼻出血而死。如无萝卜汁，用子研汁。无子，用地浆水澄清用。
【煎药法】凡煎药者，必以主治为君，先煎一二沸后入诸药，且如
用发汗药先煎麻黄一二沸后，入众药同煎。
用止汗药先煎桂枝。
用和解药先煎柴胡。
用下药先煎滚水入枳实。
用温药先煎干姜。
用血药先煎当归。
用破血药先煎桃仁。
用利水药先煎猪苓。
用止泻药先煎白术。
用止渴药先煎栝蒌根。
用止腹痛药先煎芍药。
用退黄药先煎茵陈。
用化斑药先煎石膏。
用止呕吐药先煎半夏。
用劳伤药先煎黄 。
用解药先煎羌活。
用消暑药先煎香需。
用 药先煎防风。
用湿药先煎苍术。
The Six Methods refer to sweating (Han), vomiting (Tu), purging (Xia), draining (Li), warming (Wen), and harmonizing (He). Treatment principles generally do not go beyond these six characters. Whether dealing with Shanghan (Cold Damage) or miscellaneous diseases, mastering these six methods allows one to roughly grasp the essence of Zhang Zhongjing and Zhu Danxi's teachings.
[Sweating Method] Common formulas include Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), Shuangjie San (Double-Release Powder), Shengma Tang (Cimicifuga Decoction), Shen Su Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Drink), Xiang Su Yin (Aucklandia and Perilla Drink), and Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction).
Other methods involve adding scallions with roots and peach leaves, using steaming techniques to induce sweating. For conditions where pathogenic factors are in the exterior, sweating therapy is appropriate for recovery.
[Vomiting Method] Common formulas include Zhizi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction), Da Guiti San (Large Melon Seed Powder), and Renshen Lu Yan Tang (Ginseng Rhizome Salt Water Decoction).
Other methods involve decocting Sanshan Wan (Three-Mountain Pill) combined with Jiedu San (Detoxification Powder). For diseases located in the chest and diaphragm, emetic therapy is appropriate.
[Purging Method] Common formulas include Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction), Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction), Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach Order the Qi Decoction), Chuansan (River Scatter - *Note: likely a specific local formula or typo in original text, retained as proper noun*), Zhouche Wan (Boat Cart Pill), and Po Guan Dan (Coffin-Breaking Elixir).
Other methods involve adding Qianniu Wan (Morning Glory Pill) and Gansui Mo (Kansui Root Powder). For interior conditions with excess pathogens in the intestines and stomach, purgative therapy is appropriate.
[Draining Method] Common formulas include Wuling San (Five-Ling Powder) and Tianshui San (Heavenly Water Powder, also known as Liuyi San).
Other methods involve applying fresh river snails and musk to the umbilicus. For conditions involving dark, scanty, and painful urination with unclear differentiation of Yin and Yang, draining therapy is appropriate for recovery.
[Warming Method] Common formulas include Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder), Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction), Jiangfu Tang (Ginger and Aconite Decoction), and Sanjian Tang (Three Establishments Decoction).
Other methods involve taking Liu Huang Wan (Sulfur Pill) decocted in strong wine. For Yin syndromes characterized by deficiency-cold and a deep, slow pulse, warming therapy is essential.
[Harmonizing Method] Common formulas include Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) and Jianzhong Tang (Establish the Middle Decoction).
For conditions that are neither in the exterior nor the interior, neither cold nor hot, and unsuitable for sweating or purging, harmonizing therapy is appropriate.
[Herb Processing Methods] Among the most important herbs in the Shanghan category, none surpass Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Rheii Radix Et Rhizoma (Dahuang), Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi), and Evodiae Fructus (Zhuyu). Their processing methods differ from ordinary herbs, so they must be described hereafter.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang): Remove the nodes. Briefly soak in boiling vinegar water, then remove and dry for use. This prevents excessive sweating. In severe winter when pores are tight, raw herb should be used without processing.
Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma (Dahuang): Choose pieces with "brocade patterns" (radial markings). Slice them, mix with wine, and dry for use. This prevents damage to Yin and blood. For young, robust patients with excess heat, raw herb may be used without processing.
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi): Select large, round, flat-topped pieces. Remove skin and navel. Boil in half a cup of salt water and half a cup of ginger juice in a clay pot for five to seven boils. Add half an ounce each of Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) and Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao), then add half a cup of child's urine. Boil for seven to eight boils, let stand off heat for a long time, remove, store in porcelain, bury in the ground for ventilation for one day and night, then take out and dry for use. This ensures safety from toxicity.
Evodiae Fructus (Zhuyu): Soak in semi-salted water for a while, stir-fry until dry for use. This eliminates minor toxicity.
Porcis Cutis (Zhufu): Used for Shanghan with sore throat, diarrhea, and irritability. Cook into a soup with honey and rice flour. It is not recorded in herbal classics. Modern practitioners often use thick skin with meat attached, which causes harm. "Cutis" refers only to the thin outer layer of skin scraped off. The skin beneath the meat should not be used; only the true cutis is valid.
Ganlan Shui (Ganlan Water): Take one dou of water in a large basin. Use a ladle to splash it repeatedly until thousands of water droplets gather together on the surface. Use this water.
Liao Shui (Liao Water): Rainwater or flowing stream water. Its rapid flow and sound symbolize unblocking and penetrating qualities.
Daqing Cao (Daqing): Use both stems and leaves.
Yitang (Yitang/Malt Sugar): Made by boiling rice and wheat together; a consistency like honey is best.
[Antidote Methods] Shanghan treatments involve sweating, purging, warming, and cooling. If sweating does not stop after treatment, it is due to improper use of Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang); if diarrhea does not stop after purging, it is due to improper use of Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma (Dahuang); if dryness and heat arise after warming, it is due to improper use of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi). Those who commit such errors must know the antidotal methods to rectify them.
If sweating continues excessively after using Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang): Place the patient's hair in a basin of water, leaving feet exposed. Mix half a sheng of fried glutinous rice with one tael each of Longgu (Fossilized Bones), Muli (Oyster Shell), and Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root). Grind into fine powder and dust over the body. Subsequently use secret formulas to prevent Yang collapse.
If diarrhea continues excessively after using Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma (Dahuang): Decoct two Myrobalans (Wumei), a pinch of fried Japonicae Semen (Jingsmi), three qian of Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), half an ounce each of Ren Shen (Ginseng) and Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, fried), one qian of raw Fuzi skin, one qian of Gancao (Licorice Root), a little Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome), and a handful of Dengxincao (Juncus Effusus Pith). Strain and add a pinch of fried Chen Bitu (Old Wall Soil). Mix and take to stop diarrhea. The soil qi assists Stomach qi.
If the body turns red after using Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi), it is due to Fuzi toxicity. Crush radishes to obtain two cups of juice. Add half an ounce each of Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) and Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao). Decoct to 80% volume, strain, and add Rhinocerotis Cornu (Xijiao) horn juice (three qian ground). Drink to resolve Fuzi toxicity. Redness will subside and recovery will occur. Many have died from bleeding ears, eyes, mouth, and nose due to delayed antidotal treatment. If radish juice is unavailable, use radish seed juice. If seeds are unavailable, use clarified Dip Soil Water (Dijiang Shui).
[Decoction Methods] When decocting herbs, the principal herb acting as the Sovereign (Jun) must be decocted first for one or two boils before adding other herbs. For example:
For sweating herbs: Decoct Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) for one or two boils first, then add other herbs.
For stopping sweating herbs: Decoct Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) first.
For harmonizing herbs: Decoct Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) first.
For purging herbs: Bring water to a boil, add Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi) first.
For warming herbs: Decoct Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang) first.
For blood-invigorating/nourishing herbs: Decoct Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) first.
For blood-breaking herbs: Decoct Persicae Semen (Taoren) first.
For diuretic herbs: Decoct Polyporus (Zuling) first.
For anti-diarrheal herbs: Decoct Atractylodis Macrocephala Rhizoma (Baizhu) first.
For thirst-quenching herbs: Decoct Trichosanthis Radix (Gualougen/Tianhuafen) first.
For abdominal pain-relieving herbs: Decoct Paeoniae Radix (Shaoyao) first.
For jaundice-resolving herbs: Decoct Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yinchen) first.
For macula-resolving herbs: Decoct Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) first.
For anti-emetic herbs: Decoct Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) first.
For labor-injury herbs: Decoct Astragali Radix (Huangqi) first (*Note: Original text has a missing character after 'Huang', inferred as Huangqi based on context*).
For resolving exterior herbs: Decoct Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo) first.
For summerheat-resolving herbs: Decoct Moslae Herba (Xiangru) first (*Note: Original text uses 'Xiangxu', a variant/typo for Xiangru*).
For wind-dispelling herbs: Decoct Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) first (*Note: Original text has a missing character before 'Yao', inferred as wind-dispelling based on context*).
For dampness-resolving herbs: Decoct Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu) first.