州、曹、兖州。今钧州、新郑沙岗间亦有之。苗叶就地丛生，叶似山芥菜叶而大，又多花叉，亦
似白屈菜叶，又似大蓬蒿叶，又似风花菜脚叶而大，叶中撺葶上开红白花，根苗味苦咸性寒无毒。
连翘为之使。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，水浸淘去苦味。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
龙胆草 一名龙胆，一名陵游，俗呼草龙胆。生齐朐山谷及冤句、襄州、吴兴皆有之。
今钧州、新郑山岗间亦有。根类牛膝，而根一本十余茎，黄白色宿根。苗高尺余，叶似柳叶而细
短，又似小竹。开花如牵牛花，青碧色，似小铃形样。陶隐居注云∶状以龙葵，味苦如胆，因以
为名。味苦性寒，大寒无毒。贯众、小豆为之使，恶防葵、地黄。又云浙中又有山龙胆草，味苦
微甘，此同类而别种。
(Lianqiao / Forsythiae Fructus) grows in Zhou, Caozhou, and Yanzhou. Currently, it is also found in the sandy ridges of Junzhou and Xinzheng. Its seedlings and leaves grow densely close to the ground. The leaves resemble those of *Brassica juncea* var. *tumida* (Shan Jie Cai) but are larger, with many branches. They also resemble the leaves of *Chelidonium majus* (Bai Qu Cai), *Artemisia vulgaris* (Da Peng Hao), or the lower leaves of *Brassica rapa* var. *parachinensis* (Feng Hua Cai), but are larger. Red and white flowers bloom on the scape rising from the center of the leaves. The roots and seedlings taste bitter and salty, are cold in nature, and are non-toxic. Lianqiao serves as its guiding herb (shi).
[For Sustenance] Harvest the leaves, blanch them in boiling water, soak in water, and rinse to remove the bitterness. Season with salt and oil for consumption. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts.
Longdancao (Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma), also known as Longdan or Lingyou, commonly called Caolongdan. It grows in the valleys of Qushu Mountain in Qi, as well as in Yuanju, Xiangzhou, and Wuxing. Currently, it is also found in the mountain ridges of Junzhou and Xinzheng. The root resembles *Achyranthes bidentata* (Niuxi), but a single main root produces over ten stems; it is a yellowish-white perennial root. The seedlings are over one chi tall. The leaves are slender and shorter than willow leaves, resembling small bamboo shoots. The flowers resemble those of *Ipomoea nil* (Qianniuhua), are blue-green in color, and bell-shaped. Tao Hongjing noted: "Its shape resembles *Solanum nigrum* (Longkui), and its taste is bitter like gall, hence the name." It tastes bitter, is cold in nature, greatly cold, and non-toxic. Guanzhong (*Cyathulae Radix*) and Xiaodou (Adzuki Bean) serve as its guiding herbs (shi). It is incompatible with Fangkui (*Anemarrhenae Rhizoma*) and Dihuang (*Rehmanniae Radix*). It is further stated that in central Zhejiang, there is also Shanlongdancao, which tastes bitter with a slight sweetness; this is a similar species but distinct.