茶树 本草有茗，苦茶。《图经》云∶生山南汉中心谷，闽、浙、蜀、荆、江湖、
淮南山中皆有之。惟建州北苑数处产者，性味独与诸方不同。今密县梁家冲山谷间亦有之。其树
大小皆类栀子，春初生芽，为雀舌、麦颗，又有新芽一发，便长寸丝，微粗如针，渐至环脚软枝
条之类。茶老则似水茶旧叶而长，又似初生青冈橡叶而小光泽。又云冬生叶可作羹饮。世呼早采
者为茶，晚取者为茗。一名 ，蜀人谓之苦茶，今通谓之茶。茶荼声近故呼之。又有研治作饼，名为腊茶者，
皆味苦甘，性微寒无毒。加茱萸、葱、姜等良。又别有一种蒙山中顶上清峰荼，云春分前后多聚
人力，候雷初发声并手齐采，若得四两服之，即为地仙。
【救饥】采嫩叶或冬生叶，可煮作羹食之。或蒸、焙作茶食之亦可。【治病】具见本草。
夜合树 本草名合欢，一名合昏。生益州及雍洛山谷，今钧州、郑州山野中亦有之。
木似梧桐，其枝甚柔弱，叶似皂荚叶，又似槐叶极细而密，互相交结，每一风来辄似相解了，不
相牵缀。其叶至暮而合，故名合昏。花红白色，瓣上若丝茸然散垂。结实作荚子极薄细。味甘性平无毒。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟，水浸淘净，以油盐调食，晒干炸食尤好。【治病】具见本草。
木槿树 本草云∶木槿如小葵花，淡红色，五叶成一花朝开暮敛。花与枝两用。湖南
北人家多种植为篱障。亦有千叶者，人家园圃多栽种，性平无毒，叶味甜。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟，冷水淘净，以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
椿树 本草有椿木、樗木，旧不载所出州土，今处处有之。二木形干大抵相类椿木
实而叶香可啖，樗为山椿，江东人呼为虎目，叶脱处有痕，如樗蒲子，又如眼目，故得此名。夏
中生荚，樗之有花者无荚，有荚者无花。荚常生臭樗上，未见椿上有荚者。然世俗不辨桩樗之异，
故俗名为椿荚，其实樗荚耳。其无花不实木大端直为椿，有花而荚木小干多迂矮者为樗。椿味苦
有毒，樗味苦有小毒，性温。一云其性热无毒。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟，水浸淘净，以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
白杨树 本草白杨树皮，旧不载所出州土，今处处有之。此木高，名白杨树，叶圆如
梨，肥大而尖，叶背甚白，叶边锯齿状，叶蒂小，无风自动也。味苦性平无毒。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟作成黄色，换水淘去苦味洗净，以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
青杨树 在处有之，今密县山野间亦多有。其树高硕，叶似白杨树叶而狭小，色青皮
亦颇青，故名青杨。其叶味微苦无毒。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，水浸，作成黄色，换水淘洗净，以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
黄楝树 生郑州南山野中。叶似初生椿树叶而极小，又似楝叶色微带黄，开花紫赤色，
结子如豌豆大，生青熟亦紫赤色。叶味微苦。
【救饥】采嫩芽叶炸熟，换水浸去苦味，油盐调食。蒸芽暴干，亦可作茶煮饮可也。【治病】具见本草。
冻青树 姜密县谷间，树高丈余，枝叶似枸骨子树而极茂盛。凌冬不凋，又似 子树
叶而小，亦似 芽叶微窄，头颇圆而不尖，开白花结子如豆粒大，青黑色。叶味微苦。
【救饥】采芽叶炸熟，水浸去苦味淘洗净，油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
兜 树 生密县梁家冲山谷中，树甚高硕。其木枯朽极透可作香焚。俗名坏香，叶似回
回醋树叶而薄窄，又似花楸树叶却少花叉，叶皆对生。味微苦。
【救饥】采嫩芽叶炸熟，水浸去苦味，淘洗净，油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
椒树 本草蜀椒，一名南椒，一名巴椒，一名蘑 ，生武都川谷及巴郡归峡，蜀川
陕洛间人家园圃多种之。高四五尺，似茱萸而小，有针刺。叶似刺縻叶微小，叶坚而滑，可煮食
甚辛辛香。结实无花，但生于叶间如豆颗而圆，皮紫赤，此椒江淮及北土皆有之。茎实皆相类，
但不及蜀中者皮肉浓，腹里白，气味浓烈耳。又云出荆州西城者佳。味辛性温大热有小毒，多食
令人乏气。口闭者杀人。十月勿食椒，损气伤心令人多忘事。杏仁为之使，畏款冬花。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟，换水浸淘净。油盐调食。椒颗调和，百味香美。【治病】具见本草。
檀树 生密县山野中，树高一二丈，叶似槐叶而长大。开淡粉红花，叶味苦。
【救饥】采嫩芽叶炸熟，换水浸去苦味，淘洗净。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
以上叶可食。
酸枣树 《尔雅》谓之 枣，出河东川泽，今城垒坡野间多有之。其木似枣而皮细，
茎多棘刺，叶似枣叶微小，花似枣花，结实紫红色，
似枣而圆小，核中仁微扁，名酸枣仁，入药用。味酸性平。一云其性微热。恶防己。
【救饥】采取其枣为果食之，亦可酿酒熬作烧酒饮。未红熟时采取煮食亦可。【治病】具见本草。
实枣儿 本草名山茱萸，生汉中川谷及琅琊、冤句、东海、承县、海州，今钧州山谷
中亦有之。木高丈余，叶面宽稍圆，纹脉微粗似榆叶无二，开淡黄白花，结实似酸枣大微长，两
头尖FS 色赤，既干则皮薄，味酸性平微温无毒，一云味咸辛大热。蓼实为之使，恶桔梗、防己。
【救饥】摘实枣红熟者食之。【治病】具见本草。
野木瓜 名八月 ，又名杵瓜。出新郑县山野中，蔓延而生，妥附卓木上。叶似黑豆
叶微小，光泽。四五叶攒生一处，结瓜如肥皂大，味甘。
【救饥】采嫩瓜，换水煮食。树熟者亦可摘食。【治病】具见本草。
无花果 生山野中，今人家园圃中亦栽。叶形如葡萄叶颇长硬而浓，梢作三叉，枝叶
间生果。初则青小，熟大状如李子，似紫茄色。其味甘。
【救饥】采果食之。【治病】具见本草。
山里果儿 一名山里红。生新郑县山野中。枝茎似初生桑条，上多小刺。叶似菊花
叶稍团，又似花桑叶亦团。开白花，红果。
【救饥】采树红果食之。【治病】具见本草。
山梨儿 一名铁刷子。生钧州山野中。科条高三四尺，枝条上有小刺，叶似杏叶颇圆
小，开白花，结实如葡萄。熟则红黄色。
【救饥】采果食之。【治病】具见本草。
木桃儿 生中牟土山间。树高五尺余，枝条上气脉积聚为疙瘩状，类小桃儿极坚实，
故名木桃。其叶似楮叶而狭小，无花叉却有细锯齿，又似青檀叶，梢间另又开紫花。结子似梧桐
子而大，熟则淡银褐色。其味甘。
【救饥】采取其子，熟者食之。【治病】具见本草。
荆子 本草有牡荆实，一名荆实，俗名黄荆。生河间、南阳、冤句山谷，并眉州、
蜀州、平寿、都乡高岸及田野中，今处处有之，即作 杖者。作科条生枝茎坚劲，对生枝叉，叶
似麻叶而疏短，又有叶似棣叶而短小，却多花叉者，开花作穗，花色粉红微带紫，结实大如黍粒
而黄黑色。味苦性温无毒。防风为之使，恶石膏、乌头。陶隐居《登真隐诀》云∶荆木之华叶，
通神见鬼精。
【救饥】采子换水淘去苦味，晒干捣磨为面食之。【治病】具见本草。
以上八种，实可食。
枸杞 一名枸忌，一名羊乳，一名仙人杖，一名西王母杖，一名地仙苗。生常山平
泽，今处处有之。其茎干高四五尺，上有小刺。春生苗叶如石溜叶而软薄。茎叶间开小红紫花，
随便结实形如枣核，熟则红色。味微苦，性寒。根大寒，子微寒，无毒。一云味甘平。白色无刺
者良。陕西枸杞长一二丈，围数寸无刺，根皮如浓朴，甘美异于诸处，生子如樱桃。全少核，曝
干如饼，极烂有味。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，水淘净，油盐调食。作羹食亦可。子红熟时亦可食。若渴，煮叶作饮，
以代茶饮之。【治病】具见本草。
柏树 本草有柏实，生太山山谷中及陕州，宜州，其干州者最佳，密州侧柏叶尤佳。
今处处有之。味甘，一云味甘辛性平，无毒叶味苦，一云味苦辛微湿，无毒。牡砺及桂瓜子为之
便，畏菊花、羊蹄草、诸石及面麴。
【救饥】《列仙传》云∶赤松子食柏子，齿落更生。采柏叶新生弱嫩者，换水浸其苦味，初
食苦涩，入蜜或枣肉和食尤好。后稍易吃，遂不复饥，冬不寒而夏不热。【治病】具见本草。
皂荚树 生雍州川谷及鲁之邹县，怀孟产者为胜，今处处有之。其木极有高硕者，叶
似槐叶瘦长而尖，枝间多刺，结实有三种，形小者为猪牙皂荚良又有长六寸及尺二者，用之当以
肥浓者为佳。味辛咸性温，有小毒。柏实为之使，恶麦门冬，畏空青、人参、苦参。可作沐药，不要入汤。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟，换水浸洗淘净，以油盐调食。又以子不以多少炒舂去赤皮，浸软煮
熟，以糖渍之，可食，无毒。【治病】具见本草。
楮桃树 本草名楮实，一名 实。生少室山，今所在有之。树有二种，一种皮有斑花
纹，谓之斑 ，今多用皮为冠。一种皮无花斑纹。枝叶大相类，其叶似葡萄叶，作瓣，又上多毛，
涩而有子者为佳。其桃如弹大，青绿色，后渐变深红色乃成熟，浸洗去穣，取中子入药。一云皮
斑者是楮皮，白者是 皮，可作纸实。味甘性寒，叶味亦甘性凉，俱无毒。
【救饥】采叶并楮桃带花炸烂，水浸过， 干作饼焙熟食之。或取树熟楮桃红蕊，食之甘美，
不可久食，令人骨软。【治病】具见本草。
以上四种，叶实皆可食。
槐树 本草有槐实。生河南平泽，今处处有之。其木有极高硕者。《尔雅》云∶槐
有数种，叶大而黑者名怀槐。昼合夜开者，名守宫槐。叶细而青绿者，但为之槐。其功不言有别。
开黄花，结实似豆角状。味苦酸咸，性寒无毒。景天为之使。
【救饥】采嫩芽叶炸熟，换水浸洗，淘去苦味。以油盐调食，或槐化炒熟食之。【治病】具见本草。
花叶皆可食。
棠梨 今处处有之，生荒野中。叶似苍术叶。有圆叶者，亦有三叉叶者，叶边皆有
锯齿。又似女儿茶叶，其叶色颇黪白，开白花，结棠梨，如小楝子大。味甘酸，花叶味微苦涩。
【救饥】采花炸熟食。或晒干磨面作烧饼食亦可。及采嫩叶炸熟，水浸淘净，油盐调食。或
蒸晒作茶食亦可。其棠梨经霜熟时可摘食。【治病】具见本草。
花叶实皆可食。
桑椹树 本草有桑根白皮，旧不载所出州土，今处处有之。其叶饲蚕，结实为桑椹。
有黑白二种。桑之精英尽在于椹。桑根白皮东行根益佳，肥白者良。出土者不可用，杀人。味甘
性寒无毒。制造忌铁器及铅。叶桠者名鸡桑，最堪入药。续断、麻子、桂心为之使。桑椹味甘性
缓。或云木白皮亦可用。
【救饥】采桑椹熟者食之。或熬成膏摊于桑叶上，晒干捣作饼收藏。或直取椹子晒干，可藏经
年。及取椹子清汁，置瓶中封三二日即成酒。其色味似葡萄酒甚佳，亦可熬烧酒，可藏经年，味力
俞佳。其叶嫩老皆可炸熟食之，皮炒干磨面可食之。【治病】具见本草。
榆钱树 本草有榆皮，一名零榆。生 川山谷、秦州，今处处有之。其木高硕，春时
未生叶，其枝条间先生榆荚，形状似钱而薄小色白，俗呼为榆钱。后方生叶，似山茱萸叶而长，
尖FS 润泽。榆皮味甘，其性平无毒。
【救饥】采肥嫩榆叶炸熟，水浸淘净，油盐调食。其榆钱煮糜羹食佳，今人多睡。或焯过晒
干备用，或为酱皆可食。榆皮刮去其上，干燥邹涩者，取中间软嫩之皮锉碎晒干、炒焙极干捣磨
为面，拌糠干草末蒸食，取其滑泽易食。又云榆皮与檀皮为末服之，令人不饥，根皮亦可晒干捣
磨为面，作饼食之。【治病】具见本草。
叶实皆可食。
竹笋 本草竹叶有 竹叶、苦竹叶、淡竹叶。《本经》并不载所出州土，今处处有之。
竹之类甚多，而入药者。惟此三种，人多不能尽别。 竹坚而促节，体圆而质劲成白如霜。作
苗者有一种亦不名 竹。苦竹亦有二种，一种出江西及闽中，本极粗大。笋味甚苦不可啖，一种
出江浙，近地亦时有之。肉浓而叶长阔。笑微苦味，俗呼甜苦笋，食所最贵者，亦不闻入药用。
淡竹肉薄，节间有粉，南人以烧竹沥者，医家只有此一品。又有一种薄壳者，名甘竹叶最胜，又
有实中竹、 竹，并以笋为佳，于药无用。凡取竹沥，惟用淡竹、苦竹、 竹尔。陶隐居云∶竹
实出蓝田、江东，乃有花而无实，而顷来斑斑有实，状如小麦，堪可为饭。《图经》云∶竹笋味
甘，无毒。又云∶而有微毒。
【救饥】采竹嫩笋炸熟，油盐调食，焯过晒干，炸熟尤佳。【治病】具见本草。
俱可食。
[Tea Tree] The Materia Medica mentions "Ming" (tea) and "Ku Cha" (bitter tea). *Tu Jing* records: Tea trees grow in the valleys of southern Hanzhong, and are also found in Fujian, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Jingzhou, Jianghu regions, and the mountains of Huainan. Only those produced in a few places at Beiyuan in Jianzhou have properties and flavors different from other regions. Currently, they also grow in the valleys of Liangjiachong, Mixian. The size of the trees resembles that of Gardenia jasminoides (Gardenia). In early spring, buds emerge, called "Que She" (Sparrow's Tongue) and "Mai Ke" (Wheat Kernel). Another type of new bud grows to over an inch long immediately after emerging, slightly thick like a needle, gradually developing into soft branches with ring-like bases. Old tea leaves resemble old leaves of water tea but are longer, and also resemble young leaves of Quercus variabilis (Chinese Cork Oak) but are smaller and glossier. It is also said that winter-grown leaves can be used to make soup. People generally call early-harvested leaves "Cha" (Tea) and late-harvested ones "Ming". One name is "Tu", called "Ku Cha" by people in Shu, now commonly referred to as "Cha". Because "Cha" and "Tu" sound similar, it is named so. There is also a type processed into cakes by grinding, named "La Cha" (Cured Tea), which tastes bitter and sweet, has a slightly cold nature, and is non-toxic. Adding Cornus officinalis (Cornus Fruit), Scallion, and Ginger is beneficial. Additionally, there is a variety from Qingfeng Peak at the top of Mengshan. It is said that around the Spring Equinox, laborers gather to pick them simultaneously when thunder first sounds; consuming four taels of this can make one an Earthly Immortal.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender leaves or winter-grown leaves, boil into soup for consumption. Or steam, roast, and consume as tea.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Albizia Tree] Known as Hehuan in the Materia Medica, also called Hehun. Grows in Yizhou and the valleys of Yongzhou and Luozhou; currently found in the wilds of Junzhou and Zhengzhou. The trunk resembles Firmiana simplex (Chinese Parasol Tree), branches are very flexible, leaves resemble leaves of Gleditsia sinensis (Chinese Honeylocust) or Sophora japonica (Japanese Pagoda Tree), very fine and dense, interlocking. When wind blows, they seem to separate, not clinging to each other. Leaves close at dusk, hence the name Hehun. Flowers are red-white, petals hanging like silk fuzz. Fruits are extremely thin and fine pods. Taste is sweet, nature is neutral, non-toxic.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender leaves, blanch, soak in water, rinse clean, season with salt and oil. Drying and frying is especially good.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Rose of Sharon] The Materia Medica states: Hibiscus syriacus resembles small sunflowers, pale red, five leaves forming one flower, opening in morning and closing at evening. Both flowers and branches are usable. Families in Hunan and Hubei often plant them as hedges. There are also double-flowered varieties planted in gardens. Nature is neutral, non-toxic, leaves taste sweet.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender leaves, blanch, rinse with cold water, season with salt and oil.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Toona Tree] The Materia Medica mentions Chunmu (Toona wood) and Chumu (Chou wood). Old texts do not record their origin; now found everywhere. The two trees are similar in shape. Chunmu is solid and fragrant leaves are edible. Chumu is mountain Toona, called "Hu Mu" (Tiger Eye) in Jiangdong; leaf scars resemble seeds of dice game pieces or eyes, hence the name. Pods appear in summer; Chumu with flowers has no pods, and vice versa. Pods usually grow on smelly Chumu, rarely seen on Chun. Common people confuse them, calling Chou pods "Chun pods". Trees without flowers/fruit, tall and straight are Chun; those with flowers/pods, short and crooked are Chou. Chun tastes bitter, toxic; Chou tastes bitter, slightly toxic, warm nature. Some say hot and non-toxic.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender leaves, blanch, soak, rinse, season with salt and oil.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[White Poplar] White poplar bark in the Materia Medica, origin unknown in old texts, now found everywhere. This tree is tall, leaves round like pear leaves, large and pointed, back very white, edges serrated, petiole small, moves without wind. Taste bitter, nature neutral, non-toxic.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender leaves, fry until yellow, change water to remove bitterness, rinse, season with salt and oil.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Green Poplar] Found everywhere, common in Mixian wilds. Tree is tall and robust, leaves narrower than white poplar, green color, bark also green, hence the name. Leaves taste slightly bitter, non-toxic.
[Relief from Famine] Pick leaves, blanch, soak, turn yellow, change water, rinse, season with salt and oil.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Yellow Chinaberry] Grows in southern wilds of Zhengzhou. Leaves resemble young Toona leaves but very small, or Melia azedarach leaves with slight yellow tint. Flowers purple-red. Fruits pea-sized, green when raw, purple-red when ripe. Leaves taste slightly bitter.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender buds/leaves, blanch, soak in changed water to remove bitterness, season with salt/oil. Steamed buds dried can be boiled as tea.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Frozen Green Tree] In Mixian valleys, tree over 1 zhang high. Branches/leaves resemble Ilex cornuta (Holly) but lusher. Evergreen. Leaves smaller than certain species, narrow, head round not pointed. White flowers, bean-sized fruits, black-green. Leaves taste slightly bitter.
[Relief from Famine] Pick buds/leaves, blanch, soak to remove bitterness, rinse, season with salt/oil.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Dou Tree] Grows in Liangjiachong valley, Mixian. Very tall. Wood is rotten through, used as incense. Vulgar name "Bad Incense". Leaves resemble vinegar tree leaves but thinner/narrower, like Sorbus leaves but fewer branches, opposite arrangement. Taste slightly bitter.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender buds/leaves, blanch, soak to remove bitterness, rinse, season with salt/oil.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Sichuan Pepper] Shu Jiao in Materia Medica, also Nan Jiao, Ba Jiao, Mo Jiao. Grows in Wudu valleys, Bajun Guixia. Planted in gardens in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Luoyang. 4-5 chi high, smaller than Cornus, thorny. Leaves tiny like Rosa multiflora, hard and smooth, edible when boiled, pungent/aromatic. Fruity without flowers, growing among leaves like beans, round, purple-red skin. Found in Jianghuai and North. Stems/fruits similar but less thick-skinned/white-bellied/intense flavor than Shu pepper. Best from Xicheng, Jingzhou. Taste pungent, nature warm-hot, slightly toxic. Overconsumption causes Qi deficiency. Closed-mouth consumption kills. Do not eat in October, damages Qi/Heart, causes forgetfulness. Almond is its assistant herb, fears Winter Jasmine.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender leaves, blanch, soak/rinse. Season with salt/oil. Peppers enhance flavor.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Sandalwood Tree] Grows in Mixian wilds, 1-2 zhang high. Leaves larger than Sophora japonica. Pale pink flowers. Leaves taste bitter.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender buds/leaves, blanch, soak to remove bitterness, rinse, season with salt/oil.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
Above leaves are edible.
[Wild Jujube] Called [Name] Zao in *Erya*, from Hedong marshes, common in city walls/wilds. Tree like jujube but finer bark, stems thorny. Leaves/tiny jujube leaves, flowers/jujube flowers. Fruits purple-red, round/small like jujube. Kernel flat, named Suan Zao Ren (Sour Jujube Seed), medicinal. Taste sour, nature neutral. Some say slightly hot. Averse to Stephania tetrandra.
[Relief from Famine] Eat fruit, brew wine/distill liquor. Unripe boiled is also edible.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Shi Zao Er] Named Shan Zhu Yu (Cornus Officinalis Fruit) in Materia Medica. Grows in Hanzhong valleys, Langya, Yuanju, Donghai, Chengxian, Haizhou; also Junzhou valleys. Tree >1 zhang. Leaves broad/round, veins coarse like Elm. Pale yellow-white flowers. Fruits like sour jujube but longer, pointed ends, red. Dried skin thin. Taste sour, neutral-slightly warm, non-toxic. Some say salty-pungent hot. Polygonum multiflorum stem is assistant, opposes Platycodon and Stephania.
[Relief from Famine] Eat ripe red fruits.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Wild Papaya] Named Ba Yue Gua, also Chu Gua. From Xinzheng wilds, climbing/vining. Leaves like Soybean leaves tiny/glossy. 4-5 leaves clustered. Fruits soap-sized, sweet.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender fruits, boil in changed water. Ripe tree fruits also edible.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Fig] Grows in wilds, planted in gardens. Leaves like Grape leaves, long/hard/thick, three-lobed tips. Fruits between branches. Initially small/green, ripe plum-sized, purple-eggplant color. Sweet.
[Relief from Famine] Eat fruit.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Mountain Fruit] Also Shan Li Hong. From Xinzheng wilds. Stems like young Mulberry, thorny. Leaves like Chrysanthemum or Flower Mulberry, rounded. White flowers, red fruit.
[Relief from Famine] Eat red fruit.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Mountain Pear] Also Tie Shua Zi. From Junzhou wilds. Branches 3-4 chi, thorny. Leaves like Apricot, round/small. White flowers, grape-like fruit. Red-yellow when ripe.
[Relief from Famine] Eat fruit.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Mu Tao] From Zhongmu hills. Tree >5 chi. Branches have knotty accumulations, firm like small peach, hence name. Leaves like Paper Mulberry, narrow, serrated, like Qing Tan, purple flowers at tips. Fruits like Catalpa seeds but larger, silver-brown when ripe. Sweet.
[Relief from Famine] Pick ripe seeds.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Jing Zi] Mu Jing Shi in Materia Medica, also Jing Shi, Huang Jing. From Hejian, Nanyang, Yuanju valleys, Meizhou, Shuzhou, Pingshou, Duchang banks/fields. Used for walking sticks. Opposite branching. Leaves like Hemp, sparse/short, or like Photinia, short/many branches. Pink-purple spikes. Fruits millet-sized, yellow-black. Bitter, warm, non-toxic. Saposhnikovia is assistant, opposes Gypsum and Aconite. Tao Hongjing says Jing flowers/leaves connect spirits.
[Relief from Famine] Pick seeds, rinse bitterness, dry, grind into flour.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
Above eight types, fruits are edible.
[Goji] Also Gou Ji, Yang Ru, Xian Ren Zhang, Xi Wang Mu Zhang, Di Xian Miao. From Changshan marshes, now everywhere. Stems 4-5 chi, thorny. Spring leaves like Stone Flow leaves, soft/thin. Small red-purple flowers between stems/leaves. Fruits date-seed shaped, red when ripe. Slightly bitter, cold nature. Root very cold, seed slightly cold, non-toxic. Some say sweet-neutral. White/non-thorny is best. Shaanxi Goji grows 1-2 zhang, thick, thornless, root bark like Magnolia, sweet, cherry-like seeds, few cores, dried flat, soft/sweet.
[Relief from Famine] Pick leaves, blanch, rinse, season with salt/oil. Make soup. Ripe seeds edible. Boil leaves for drink if thirsty.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Cypress] Bai Shi in Materia Medica, from Tai Mountain valleys, Shanzhou, Yizhou. Gan Zhou best, Mizhou Ce Bai Ye best. Now everywhere. Sweet, some say sweet-pungent neutral, non-toxic. Leaves bitter, some say bitter-pungent damp, non-toxic. Oyster shell/Cassia seed are assistants, fears Chrysanthemum, Rumex, stones, yeast.
[Relief from Famine] *Lie Xian Zhuan*: Chi Songzi ate Cypress seeds, regrew teeth. Pick fresh/tender leaves, soak to remove bitterness. Bitter initially, mix with honey/dates. Later stops hunger, winter cold/summer heat resistance.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Gleditsia Sinensis] From Yongzhou valleys, Zou County Lu. Huaibei best. Everywhere now. Tall. Leaves like Sophora, slender/pointed. Thorny branches. Three fruit types. Small ones (Zhu Ya Zao Jia) are best. Long 6 cun to 1 chi. Use plump ones. Pungent-salty, warm, slightly toxic. Bai Shi is assistant, opposes Ophiopogon, fears Azurite, Ginseng, Sophora. For bathing, not decoction.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender leaves, blanch, soak/rinse, season with salt/oil. Seeds roasted/dehusked, soaked, boiled, preserved in sugar, edible, non-toxic.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Paper Mulberry] Chu Shi in Materia Medica, also [Name] Shi. From Shaoshi Mountain, now everywhere. Two types: spotted bark (Ban Chu, used for hats) and plain bark. Leaves like Grape, lobed/hairy. Spotted/bitter with seeds is best. Fruits marble-sized, green turning deep red when ripe. Soak/remove pulp, use center seed for medicine. Spotted bark is Chu Pi, white is [Name] Pi (paper making). Sweet/cold nature. Leaves sweet/cool, non-toxic.
[Relief from Famine] Pick leaves/fruits/flowers, blanch, soak, dry into cakes, roast. Or eat red stamens of ripe fruits (sweet, but causes bone softness if prolonged).
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
Above four types, leaves/fruits edible.
[Locust Tree] Huai Shi in Materia Medica. From Henan marshes, now everywhere. Tall trees. *Erya*: Large dark leaves = Huai Huai. Day-close/night-open = Shou Gong Huai. Fine green leaves = Huai. No difference in efficacy. Yellow flowers, bean-pod fruits. Bitter-sour-salty, cold, non-toxic. Sedum is assistant.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender buds/leaves, blanch, soak/rinse bitterness. Season with salt/oil, or stir-fry.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
Flowers/leaves edible.
[Tang Li] Everywhere, wilds. Leaves like Atractylodes. Round or three-lobed, serrated. Like Daughter Tea leaves, grayish-white. White flowers, Tang Li fruits, small Chinaberry sized. Sweet-sour. Flowers/leaves slightly bitter-astringent.
[Relief from Famine] Fry flowers. Dry/grind for pancakes. Tender leaves blanched/rinsed, season with salt/oil. Steam/dry as tea. Frost-ripened fruits edible.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
Flowers/leaves/fruits edible.
[Mulberry] Sang Gen Bai Pi in Materia Medica, origin unknown, now everywhere. Leaves feed silkworms, fruits Sang Shen. Black/white varieties. Essence in berries. East-facing roots best, fat/white good. Exposed roots kill. Sweet/cold, non-toxic. Avoid iron/lead in processing. Chicken Sang (branched) best for medicine. Cudrania, Hemp seed, Cinnamon heart are assistants. Sang Shen sweet/mild. Bark also usable.
[Relief from Famine] Eat ripe berries. Boil to paste on leaves, dry/grind into cakes. Dry berries for storage. Juice fermented into wine (like grape wine) or distilled liquor. Leaves/blanched edible. Bark roasted/grind edible.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
[Elm] Yu Pi/Ling Yu in Materia Medica. From [Name] Chuan valleys, Qinzhou, now everywhere. Tall. Spring catkins before leaves, coin-shaped thin white pods, vulgarly "Yu Qian". Leaves later, like Cornus, long/pointed/glossy. Bark sweet/neutral/non-toxic.
[Relief from Famine] Tender leaves blanched/rinsed, season with salt/oil. Catkins boiled into porridge (causes sleepiness). Blanched/dried for sauce. Bark scraped, dry/rubbed, take soft inner bark, chop/dry/roast/grind into flour, mix with bran/grass, steam for slipperiness. Mixed with Sandalwood powder prevents hunger. Root bark also ground/eaten.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
Leaves/fruits edible.
[Bamboo Shoots] Zhu Ye includes Dan Zhu Ye, Ku Zhu Ye, Dan Zhu Ye. *Ben Jing* origin unknown, now everywhere. Many types, only these three medicinal. Hard to distinguish. Dan Zhu: firm/jointed, round/firm/white like frost. Shoot type unnamed. Ku Zhu: two types. Jiangxi/Fujian: thick/stem, shoots very bitter inedible. Jiangzhe: thick flesh/long leaves, slightly bitter, sweet-bitter shoot, prized food, not medicinal. Dan Zhu: thin flesh/powdery nodes, used for bamboo sap by Southerners, only one type for doctors. Thin-shell Gan Zhu Ye best. Solid-core/Zhu also good shoots, useless medicinally. Bamboo sap uses Dan/Ku/Dan Zhu. Tao Hongjing: Bamboo rice from Lantian/Jiangdong, flower/no fruit, recently spotted wheat-like fruit, edible. *Tu Jing*: Shoots sweet/non-toxic. Some say slightly toxic.
[Relief from Famine] Pick tender shoots, blanch, season with salt/oil. Blanch/dry, frying better.
[Treating Diseases] Efficacy is detailed in the Materia Medica.
All edible.