瞳子散大，由食辛热之物太甚故也。所谓辛主散热，则助火上乘于脑中，故精散，而视
物亦散大也。夫睛明，所以视万物者也，令视物不真则精衰矣。盖火之与气，势不两立。故经
曰∶壮火食气，壮火散气。手少阴、足厥阴所主，风热连目系，邪入中人，各从其类，故循此
道而攻。头目肿闷，瞳子散大，皆血虚阴弱故也，当除风热，凉血益血，以收耗散之气则愈矣。
拳毛倒睫之病，为脾受木邪风火糜害，故两睑受伤，外缓内急之所致也。盖内复热致
阴气外行，当去内热并火邪。眼皮内缓则睫不倒，拳毛立出，翳膜立退。治用手法，掉出内睑
向外，以三棱去血，左手爪甲迎其针锋立愈。
目眶岁久赤烂，俗名为赤瞎是也。当以三棱针刺目眶外，以泻湿热而愈。
能远视，不能近视，阳气有余，阴气不足也，乃血虚气盛。盖血虚气盛者，火有余，元气
不足也。火为元气之贼，元气来也，徐而和，细细如丝；邪气来也，紧而强，如巨川之水不可
遏也。海藏云∶目能远视，责其
有火；不能近视，责其无水。宜东垣地芝丸主之。
能近视，不能远视者，阳气不足，阴气有余也，气虚而血盛也。血盛者，阴火有余，气虚
者，气弱也。海藏云∶目能近视，责其有水；不能远视，责其无火。东垣定志丸主之。
Dilation of the pupil is caused by excessive consumption of pungent and hot foods. Pungency promotes dispersion and heat dissipation; thus, it aids fire to ascend to the brain, causing the essence to scatter, which results in blurred or dispersed vision. The Jingming acupoint (Jingming, an extra point located slightly above the inner canthus) is essential for seeing all things; if vision is not clear, the essence is depleted. Fire and Qi cannot coexist in a state of conflict. Therefore, the Classics state: "Excessive fire consumes Qi, excessive fire scatters Qi." This involves the domains of the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian and the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. Wind-heat pathogens connect with the eye system; when pathogenic factors invade the human body, they follow their own kind. Therefore, treatment should attack along this pathway. Swelling and oppression of the head and eyes, along with dilated pupils, are all due to blood deficiency and Yin weakness. One should dispel wind-heat, cool the blood, and tonify blood to gather the scattered Qi, leading to recovery.
The condition of trichiasis (inverted eyelashes) occurs because the Spleen is damaged by Wood-pathogenic wind and fire, injuring both upper and lower eyelids, resulting in laxity externally and tension internally. Internal heat causes Yin Qi to move outward; therefore, internal heat and fire pathogens must be eliminated. When the inner eyelid becomes lax, lashes will not invert, normal hair growth resumes, and corneal opacity recedes. Treatment employs manual manipulation: evert the inner eyelid outward, use a three-edged needle for bloodletting, and press the needle tip with the thumbnail of the left hand for immediate cure.
Chronic redness and ulceration of the eye socket, commonly known as "red blindness," should be treated by pricking the exterior of the eye socket with a three-edged needle to drain damp-heat, leading to recovery.
The ability to see far but not near indicates excess Yang Qi and deficient Yin Qi, specifically blood deficiency with vigorous Qi. In cases of blood deficiency and vigorous Qi, there is excess fire and insufficient Yuan Qi (Original Qi). Fire is a thief that harms Yuan Qi. When Yuan Qi arrives, it is slow and gentle, fine like a silk thread; when pathogenic Qi arrives, it is urgent and strong, like an unstoppable river. Haizang (Zhang Yuansu) stated: "The ability to see far is attributed to fire; the inability to see near is attributed to the lack of water." Di Zhi Wan (Di Zhi Pill) from Dongyuan (Li Gao) is indicated.
The ability to see near but not far indicates deficient Yang Qi and excess Yin Qi, specifically Qi deficiency with abundant blood. Abundant blood implies excess Yin fire; Qi deficiency implies weak Qi. Haizang stated: "The ability to see near is attributed to water; the inability to see far is attributed to the lack of fire." Ding Zhi Wan (Ding Zhi Pill) from Dongyuan is indicated.