【始初行气开表散寒】 必用羌活（主贼风，失音不语，多痒血癞，手足不遂，口眼 斜，
肢节疼痛，一身尽痛，又去温湿风。） 独活（主诸疾风，（百节痛，风无久新者，又风毒齿
痛。）防风（主大风，头眩痛，风邪目盲，风行周身，骨节疼痹，四肢挛急，治风通用，除上焦风邪之
仙药，又风药中润）
剂。细辛（诸风痛用，头面风痛不可缺。治百节拘挛，风湿痹痛，消死肌，风痫阗疾。） 升麻（手
足阳明伤风的药，用发散本经风头泪出。） 荆芥（治头风目眩，妇人
血风等病，产后中风。） 薄荷（主贼风，伤寒发汗，通利关节，伤风、头及风、风气壅并，小儿
风涎，惊风中热。） 蝉蜕（治头风目眩，又风气客，皮肤瘙痒不已。） 僵蚕（治中风失音不可缺。）
白花蛇（主中风湿痹不仁，筋脉拘急，口眼 斜，半身不遂，骨节疼痛，大风疥癞，暴风瘙痒，此蛇治
风速于诸蛇。） 乌蛇（主诸风瘾疹，疥癣，皮肤不仁，顽痹。）
【上焦寒者】 必用人参（治肺受寒邪喘嗽。） 细辛（温阴经，去内寒，治邪在里之表。）
干姜（主用发散寒邪，出汗，去风寒湿痹。利肺气，治肺寒咳嗽。炮之温脾理中，治理寒湿，泄
痢胀满及腹中冷痛，中下焦寒湿，又沉寒固冷，肾中无阳，脉气欲绝。） 麻黄（主伤寒头痛，发
表邪，出汗，去表上寒邪及荣中寒。） 本（治寒邪结郁及头痛，顶巅痛，大寒犯脑，脑齿痛。）
附子（主风寒咳逆邪气，腰脊风寒，阴毒伤寒，中寒四肢厥逆，心腹冷痛，除肾中寒。甚补命门火衰，
风邪。） 麻黄（主中风伤寒头痛，发汗，止咳逆上气。） 白芷（治风痛用，去肺经风热，风头
痛，中风寒热解利药也。） 苍术（主大风在身面，风眩头痛。） 干姜（出汗，散寒邪，去风
湿痹。） 生（散风寒痰嗽。） 本（太阳经风药，除头风。） 杜若（主风入脑户，头肿痛。）
天麻（主头风，诸风痹，四肢拘挛。） 蔓荆子（主风头痛，脑鸣，头昏闷，散风邪，除目睛痛。）
苍耳（主风痛，头寒痛，风湿周痹，四肢拘挛。） 秦艽（主风湿风痹，肢节疼痛，身挛急，疗风
无问新久。） 槐白皮（主中风皮肤不仁。） 槐胶（主一切风，化痰，急风口噤，四肢不收，
顽痹，或毒风周身如虫行，或破伤风。） 桑枝条（治遍身风痒，风气拘挛。） 叶（主风痛出汗。）
辛夷（主风，头脑痛，解肌。） 芥子（治风肿毒及麻痹。） 枳壳（治遍身疹，风痛，大风在皮肤中，如
麻豆苦痒，肠风痔疾，通利关节，主皮毛。） 沉香（散风治麻痹，骨节不仁，风湿皮肤痒。）
龙脑香（主大人小儿风涎闭壅，散气，通利关膈。） 瓜蒂（主风痫，喉风，痰涎壅塞。） 蜀椒
（主大风，汗不出。） 葱白（主中风，面目肿，喉痹不通。） 皂荚（主风痹，死肌，邪气，
阳事不举，佐以白术，除寒湿之圣药，主用发汗行表热则温中内联。） 半夏（治形寒饮冷伤
肺而嗽。） 酒（御风寒冷气。）
【中焦寒者】 必用威灵仙（去腹中冷滞，去膈上痰水，腰脊冷痛。） 仙茅（主心腹冷气，
不能食，腰香港脚冷挛痹。） 良姜（主胃中冷逆冲心，霍乱腹痛。） 缩砂蜜（主虚劳冷泻，
腹中冷痛。） 木香（治心腹积年冷气。） 荜澄茄（主心腹冷痛，肾气膀胱冷。） 肉豆蔻
（治积冷心腹痛，脾胃虚冷吐逆，泄泻之要药。） 白豆蔻（主积冷气，胃寒吐逆。） 草豆蔻
（治风寒客邪在胃口，止呕吐霍乱，去心胃客寒作痛，调散冷气甚利。） 桂（温中，治心腹冷
痛，下焦寒冷，秋冬下部腹痛经。薄者为桂枝，发表散风寒。） 益智子（治脾胃受寒邪，止
呕吐涎唾。） 浓朴（温中，治胃中冷逆气。） 丁香（温脾胃，止霍乱呕逆，冷气腹痛，壮阳
暖腰膝。） 胡
椒（治心腹冷痛，治冷痢。） 蜀椒（除寒湿痹痛，心腹冷，六腑沉寒固固冷，阴冷气渐入，阴囊肿满，日夜疼痛。） 诃
黎勒（主冷气，心腹胀
满用之。） 大麦芽（治脾胃，破 结冷气。） 神曲（治同麦牙。） 硼砂（下气，疗宿冷。）
白石英（治背膈间久寒，益气。） 紫石英（温中。）
【下焦寒】 必用菟丝子（治男子女人虚寒腰痛膝冷，茎中寒精自出。） 补骨脂（主风
虚冷痹，四肢酸疼，阳乘肾冷，精流腰痛。） 胡芦巴（治元脏虚
冷，腹胁胀满。） 香子（治寒疝，膀胱冷气肿痛。） 柏实（除腰肾中冷气。） 沉香（补命门
，壮元阳，暖腰膝，止转筋吐泻冷气。） 吴茱萸（治寒邪所隔，气不得上下，脾胃停冷，冷气
闭胸，心腹绞痛，下焦寒湿疝冷病，诸药不可代。） 石钟乳（治脚弱疼冷。） 乌药（治膀胱肾
间冷气攻冲背膂。） 阳起石（治阴痿不起，茎头寒。男子、妇人下部虚冷，肾气乏绝，子脏
久寒。） 石硫黄（至阳之精，治下元虚冷，元气将绝，久患寒泄，脾胃虚弱，垂命欲尽，心腹
冷气，咳逆，脚冷痛。） 腽肭脐（暖腰脊，助阳气，治脐腹积冷，精衰，脾胃劳极。）
[Initial Stage: Regulating Qi, Releasing the Exterior, and Dispersing Cold]
Must use Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) (mainly treats Zefeng [thief wind], aphonia, excessive itching, blood leprosy, hemiplegia of limbs, deviation of mouth and eyes, pain in joints, generalized body pain, and can also dispel warm-damp wind). Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) (mainly treats various wind disorders, pain in all joints regardless of whether the wind pathogen is recent or chronic, and toothache caused by wind toxicity). Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (mainly treats severe wind, dizziness and headache due to wind, blindness caused by wind pathogen, wind circulating throughout the body, painful obstruction of joints, spasms and stiffness of limbs; it is a universal herb for treating wind, an immortal herb for eliminating wind pathogens in the Upper Jiao, and is moistening among wind-dispelling herbs). Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) (used for various wind pains, indispensable for pain in the head and face. Treats spasms and stiffness of all joints, bi-syndrome due to wind-dampness, eliminates dead flesh, wind epilepsy, and convulsive diseases). Shengma (Bupleuri Radix) (a herb for wind injury to the Hand-Yangming and Foot-Yangming meridians, used to disperse wind causing tearing and headache in these meridians). Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica) (treats wind headache and dizziness, blood wind in women, postpartum wind strike). Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) (mainly treats thief wind, induces sweating in cold damage, unblocks joint movement, wind injury, head wind, accumulation of wind qi, pediatric wind phlegm, and heat in convulsions). Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum) (treats wind headache and dizziness, and persistent skin itching caused by wind pathogen lodging in the skin). Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus) (indispensable for treating aphonia due to wind stroke). Baihuashe (Bungarus multicinctus) (mainly treats numbness and paralysis due to wind-damp bi-syndrome, tendon spasm, deviation of mouth and eyes, hemiplegia, joint pain, severe leprosy, sudden severe itching; this snake treats wind faster than other snakes). Wushe (Agkistrodon acutus) (mainly treats various wind urticaria, tinea, skin numbness, and stubborn bi-syndrome).
[Cold in the Upper Jiao]
Must use Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) (treats wheezing and cough due to cold pathogen invading the lung). Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) (warms the Yin meridians, removes internal cold, treats exterior syndrome with interior pathogen). Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) (mainly disperses cold pathogen, induces sweating, removes wind-cold-damp bi-syndrome. Benefits lung qi, treats cold cough in the lung. When processed, warms the spleen and regulates the middle jiao, treats cold-dampness, dysentery, distension, fullness, and cold pain in the abdomen, cold-dampness in the Middle and Lower Jiao, deep-seated cold and fixed cold, deficiency of kidney yang, and impending extinction of pulse qi). Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) (mainly treats headache due to cold damage, releases exterior pathogens, induces sweating, removes exterior upper cold pathogen and cold in the Ying level). Bencao (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma et Radix) (treats cold pathogen stagnation and headache, vertex headache, severe cold invading the brain, brain and toothache). Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) (mainly treats cough and reverse flow of qi due to wind-cold, wind-cold in the waist and spine, yin-toxic cold damage, cold damage causing cold extremities, cold pain in the heart and abdomen, removes cold from the kidney. Greatly tonifies fire of the Mingmen, treats wind pathogen). Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) (mainly treats headache due to wind strike or cold damage, induces sweating, stops cough and reverse flow of qi). Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) (used for wind pain, removes wind-heat from the Lung meridian, treats wind headache, is a resolving herb for wind-cold and wind-heat). Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) (mainly treats severe wind on the body and face, wind-induced dizziness and headache). Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) (induces sweating, disperses cold pathogen, removes wind-damp bi-syndrome). Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (disperses wind-cold and phlegm-cough). Bencao (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma et Radix) (wind herb for the Taiyang meridian, removes wind headache). Duruo (Dorsteniae Herba) (mainly treats wind entering the Naohu point, headache and swelling). Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) (mainly treats wind headache, various wind bi-syndromes, limb spasms and stiffness). Manjingzi (Viticis Fructus) (mainly treats wind headache, tinnitus in the head, dizziness and stuffiness, disperses wind pathogen, removes eye pain). Cang'erzi (Xanthii Fructus) (mainly treats wind pain, cold headache, generalized wind-damp bi-syndrome, limb spasms and stiffness). Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix) (mainly treats wind-damp bi-syndrome, joint pain, body spasms and stiffness; treats wind disorders regardless of whether they are new or old). Huaibai pi (Cortices Sophorae Flavescentis) (mainly treats skin numbness due to wind stroke). Huajiao (Gummi Sophorae Flavescentis) (mainly treats all types of wind, resolves phlegm, acute lockjaw, flaccidity of limbs, stubborn bi-syndrome, toxic wind feeling like insects crawling on the body, or tetanus). Sangzhizhi (Ramulus Mori) (treats generalized wind itch, wind-induced spasms). Sangye (Folium Mori) (mainly treats wind pain and sweating). Xinyi (Flos Magnoliae) (mainly treats wind, headache, releases muscle layer). Jiezi (Semen Sinapis Albae) (treats wind-induced swelling and toxicity, and numbness). Zhike (Fructus Aurantii) (treats generalized rash, wind pain, severe wind in the skin feeling like bitter itching from millet or beans, intestinal wind and hemorrhoids, unblocks joints, governs skin and hair). Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum) (disperses wind to treat numbness, bone and joint numbness, wind-damp skin itching). Longnaoxiang (Camphora) (mainly treats wind-phlegm obstruction in adults and children, dissipates qi, unblocks the chest and diaphragm). Gudi (Fructus Cucumeris) (mainly treats wind epilepsy, throat wind, and phlegm-phlegm obstruction). Shujiao (Fructus Zanthoxyli) (mainly treats severe wind, absence of sweating). Congbai (Sclerodium Allii Cepae) (mainly treats wind stroke, facial and ocular edema, and throat obstruction with difficulty swallowing). Zaojia (Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis) (mainly treats wind-bi, dead flesh, pathogenic factors, impotence; when assisted by Baizhu, it is a holy medicine for removing cold-dampness; its main function is to induce sweating and release exterior heat to warm the interior). Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae) (treats cough due to external cold and drinking cold liquids injuring the lung). Jiu (Vinum) (guards against wind and cold qi).
[Cold in the Middle Jiao]
Must use Weilingxian (Radix Clematidis) (removes cold stagnation in the abdomen, removes phlegm-fluid above the diaphragm, cold pain in the waist and spine). Xianmao (Rhizoma Curculiginis) (mainly treats cold qi in the heart and abdomen, inability to eat, cold spasms and bi-syndrome in the lower back and legs). Liangjiang (Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum) (mainly treats cold rebellion in the stomach rushing to the heart, cholera-like abdominal pain). Suoshamimi (Fructus Amomi Rotundus) (mainly treats deficiency-wasting cold diarrhea, cold pain in the abdomen). Muxiang (Radix Aucklandiae) (treats chronic cold qi in the heart and abdomen). Bichengqie (Fructus Tetradii) (mainly treats cold pain in the heart and abdomen, coldness of kidney qi and bladder). Roudoukou (Arillus Myristicae) (treats accumulated cold causing heart and abdominal pain, deficiency-cold vomiting and regurgitation of the spleen and stomach; it is an essential herb for diarrhea). Baidoukou (Cardamomi Fructus) (mainly treats accumulated cold qi, cold stomach vomiting and regurgitation). Caodoukou (Fructus Cardamomi) (treats cold-wind pathogen lodging at the stomach opening, stops vomiting and cholera, removes guest cold causing pain in the heart and stomach, very effective in regulating and dispersing cold qi). Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex) (warms the middle, treats cold pain in the heart and abdomen, coldness in the Lower Jiao, abdominal pain during menstruation in autumn and winter. The thin bark is Guizhi, which releases the exterior and disperses wind-cold). Yizhiren (Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae) (treats cold pathogen invading the spleen and stomach, stops vomiting of saliva). Houpo (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) (warms the middle, treats cold rebellious qi in the stomach). Dingxiang (Flos Syringae) (warms the spleen and stomach, stops vomiting and regurgitation due to cholera, cold qi abdominal pain, strengthens yang and warms the waist and knees). HuJiao (Piperis Fructus) (treats cold pain in the heart and abdomen, treats cold dysentery). Shujiao (Fructus Zanthoxyli) (removes cold-damp bi-syndrome, cold pain in the heart and abdomen, deep-seated fixed cold in the six fu organs, gradual entry of yin-cold qi, scrotal swelling and fullness, day and night pain). Helile (Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae) (mainly treats cold qi, used for abdominal distension and fullness). Dayamai (Fructus Hordei Germinatus) (treats the spleen and stomach, breaks up knotted cold qi). Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata) (treatment same as Maiya). Pengsha (Borax) (descends qi, treats lingering cold). Baishiy ing (Quartzum Album) (treats long-standing cold between the back and diaphragm, benefits qi). Zishiy ing (Quartzum Rubrum) (warms the middle).
[Cold in the Lower Jiao]
Must use Tusizi (Semen Cuscutae) (treats deficiency-cold lower back pain and cold knees in men and women, cold sperm leakage from the penis). Buguzhi (Fructus Psoraleae) (mainly treats wind-deficiency cold bi-syndrome, soreness and pain in the four limbs, yang attacking kidney cold, seminal emission and lower back pain). Huluba (Semen Trigonellae) (treats deficiency-cold of the Yuan organ, abdominal and hypochondriac distension and fullness). Xiangzi (Fructus Foeniculi) (treats cold hernia, cold qi swelling and pain in the bladder). Baishi (Semen Platycladi) (removes cold qi from the waist and kidneys). Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum) (tonifies the Mingmen, strengthens the Yuan yang, warms the waist and knees, stops spasms, vomiting, diarrhea, and cold qi). Wuzhuyu (Fructus Evodiae) (treats obstruction by cold pathogen preventing qi from moving up and down, cold retention in the spleen and stomach, cold qi blocking the chest, colicky pain in the heart and abdomen, cold-damp hernia and cold diseases of the Lower Jiao; no other herb can replace it). Shizhongru (Gypsum Fibrosum) (treats weakness and cold pain in the feet). Wuyao (Radix Linderae) (treats cold qi attacking the back and spine from between the bladder and kidney). Yangqishi (Lepidocrocitum) (treats impotence, coldness of the glans penis. Deficiency-cold of the lower part in men and women, exhaustion of kidney qi, long-standing cold of the uterus). Shiliuhuang (Sulfur) (the essence of extreme yang, treats deficiency-cold of the lower yuan, impending extinction of yuan qi, chronic cold diarrhea, weak spleen and stomach, life-threatening condition, cold qi in the heart and abdomen, cough and reverse flow of qi, cold pain in the feet). Tan'awu (Testudinis Penis et Testis) (warms the waist and spine, assists yang qi, treats accumulated cold in the umbilical and abdominal region, depletion of essence, extreme fatigue of the spleen and stomach).