《三因》云∶癫痫病，皆由惊动，使脏气不平，郁而生涎，闭塞诸经，厥而乃成。或在
胎中受惊，或感风寒暑湿。或饮食不节，逆于脏腑而成。或忤气得之外，惊恐得之内，饮食
属不内外。三因不同，忤气则一。
《千金方》云∶水儿痫疾有三，曰风痫、惊痫、食痫。盖风痫缘衣暖汗出，风因入也。
初时先屈指如数，乃作痫也。惊痫起于惊怖大啼，乃作痫也。食痫先不哺乳，吐而变热，后
发痫也。然风痫、惊痫，时时有之，千个之中，未有一二。凡是先寒后热者，皆食痫也。惊
痫皆按图灸之，风痫当与猪心汤，食痫当下乃愈，紫霜丸之属是也。
《别录》有五痫之证。一曰马痫，作马嘶鸣，以马属午，手少阴君火主之，故其病生
于心。二曰羊痫，作羊叫声，以羊属未，足太阴湿土主之，应乎脾。三曰鸡痫，作鸡叫声，
以鸡属酉，足阳明燥金主之，应乎胃。四曰猪痫，作猪叫声，以猪属亥，厥阴心包主之，应乎
右肾。五曰牛痫，作牛吼声，以牛属丑，手太阴湿土主之，应乎肺。此五痫应乎五畜，五
畜应乎五脏也。发则旋晕颠倒，口眼相引，目睛上视，手足搐搦，背脊强直，食顷乃苏。各
随所感，施以治法。凡五痫证，重者多死，病作后甚者，亦多死。惟轻者，用五色丸主之。
《千金方》云∶病先身热掣 ，惊啼叫唤，后后发痫，脉浮者，为阳痫，病在六
腑，外在肌肉，犹易治也。病先身冷，不惊掣，不啼呼，而发病时脉沉者，为阴痫，病在
五脏，内在骨髓，为难治也。
According to *San Yin Fang* (Treatise on the Three Causes), epilepsy is caused by shock and agitation, which disrupts the Qi of the Zang-Fu organs. The stagnation generates phlegm-fluids (Tan-Yin), which block various meridians, leading to rebellious Qi and the onset of the disease. It may result from shock received in the womb, or from contracting Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, or Dampness. It may also arise from irregular diet causing rebellious Qi within the Zang-Fu organs. External causes include "Wu Qi" (offending Qi, such as sudden fright or collision with unseen forces), while internal causes involve fright and fear; dietary factors belong to the category of "neither internal nor external." Although the three causes differ, they all lead to rebellious Qi.
According to *Qian Jin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies), infantile epilepsy has three types: Feng Xian (Wind Epilepsy), Jing Xian (Fright Epilepsy), and Shi Xian (Food Epilepsy). Feng Xian occurs when clothing is too warm, causing sweating, after which Wind pathogen enters. Initially, the fingers may flex and extend as if counting, followed by the epileptic seizure. Jing Xian arises from fright, terror, and loud crying, leading to epilepsy. Shi Xian begins with refusal to nurse, vomiting, and subsequent fever, before the epileptic seizure occurs. However, while Feng Xian and Jing Xian occur frequently, among a thousand cases, one might not find even one or two. Any case presenting with chills first followed by fever is classified as Shi Xian. For Jing Xian, moxibustion should be applied according to diagrams; for Feng Xian, Zhu Xin Tang (Pig Heart Decoction) should be administered; for Shi Xian, purgation is required for recovery, using formulas such as Zi Shuang Wan (Purple Frost Pill).
*Bie Lu* (Additional Records) describes five types of epilepsy. The first is Ma Xian (Horse Epilepsy), characterized by sounds resembling horse neighing. Since Horse corresponds to Wu (noon) and is governed by the Ministerial Fire of the Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian, this disease originates in the Heart. The second is Yang Xian (Sheep Epilepsy), characterized by bleating sounds. Since Sheep corresponds to Wei (sheep month) and is governed by the Damp Earth of the Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian, it corresponds to the Spleen. The third is Ji Xian (Chicken Epilepsy), characterized by crowing sounds. Since Chicken corresponds to You (rooster hour) and is governed by the Dry Metal of the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian, it corresponds to the Stomach. The fourth is Zhu Xian (Pig Epilepsy), characterized by grunting sounds. Since Pig corresponds to Hai (pig hour) and is governed by the Jueyin Pericardium, it corresponds to the Right Kidney. The fifth is Niu Xian (Ox Epilepsy), characterized by bellowing sounds. Since Ox corresponds to Chou (ox month) and is governed by the Damp Earth of the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian, it corresponds to the Lung. These five epilepsies correspond to the five animals, which in turn correspond to the five Zang organs. During an attack, symptoms include dizziness and vertigo, body inversion, pulling of the mouth and eyes, upward deviation of the eyeballs, spasms and convulsions of the hands and feet, and rigidity of the back and spine. The patient recovers after approximately the time it takes to eat a meal. Treatment is applied according to the specific cause. Generally, severe cases of the five epilepsies often result in death, as do cases where symptoms worsen after onset. Only mild cases are treated primarily with Wu Se Wan (Five-Color Pill).
According to *Qian Jin Fang*, if the patient first presents with body heat, twitching, frightened cries, and calls, followed by epilepsy, and the pulse is floating, it is called Yang Xian (Yang Epilepsy). The pathology is in the Six Fu Organs, located externally in the muscles, and is relatively easy to treat. If the patient first presents with cold body, without twitching or crying/calling, and the pulse is deep during the attack, it is called Yin Xian (Yin Epilepsy). The pathology is in the Five Zang Organs, located internally in the bone marrow, and is difficult to treat.